Pascal Fabre

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 25/01/2010
• Auteurs : Muriel BoucartChristine MoroniPascal DespretzFlorence PasquierMichèle Fabre-Thorpe
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Département de neurologie [Lille] Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition
• Publié dans Neurocase le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : We tested rapid-categorization in a patient who was impaired in face and object recognition. Photographs of natural scenes were displayed for 100 ms. Participants had to press a key when they saw an animal among various objects as distractors or human faces among animal faces as distractors. Though the patient was impaired at figure/ground segregation, recognized very few objects and faces, she categorized animals and faces with a performance ranging between 70 and 86% correct. Displaying pictures in isolation did not improve performance. The results suggest that rapid categorization can be accomplished on the basis of coarse information without overt recognition.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Renaud IoosBénédicte FabreCarole SauratCéline FourrierPascal FreyBenoit Marçais
• Organismes : IFR 110, Station de mycologie Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes IFR 110, Station de mycologie IFR 110, Station de mycologie Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes
• Publié dans Phytopathology le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Dothistroma pini, D. septosporum, and Lecanosticta acicola are fungal pathogens that cause severe foliage diseases in conifers. All three pathogens are listed as quarantine organisms in numerous countries throughout the world and, thus, are subject to specific monitoring. Detection and identification of these pathogens still often relies on cumbersome and unsatisfactory methods that are based upon the morphological characterization of fungal fruiting bodies and conidia. In this study, we present the development of several new molecular tools that enable a rapid and specific in planta detection of each of these pathogens. Several DNA extraction procedures starting from infected needles were compared and four commercial DNA extraction kits provided DNA of satisfactory quality for amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, we developed several sets of conventional PCR primers, dual-labeled probes (DLPs), and duplex-scorpion probes (DSPs), all of which targeted each pathogen. Their ability to detect the pathogens in a series of naturally infected needle samples was compared. The quadruplex DLP real-time assay proved to be more sensitive than the DSP assay and conventional PCR but the two real-time probe formats yielded identical results in the naturally infected samples. Both real-time assays proved to be significantly superior to the technique of humid chamber incubation, which often failed to produce spores for the accurate identification of the pathogens.

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Fichiers liés : Ioos et al 2010 Phytopath_{CDF16484-3B28-4B46-9D73-DEB124EA0540}.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Muriel BoucartFatima NaïliPascal DespretzSabine Defoort-DhellemmesMichèle Fabre-Thorpe
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition
• Publié dans Visual Cogn le 08/07/2009

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Résumé : Little is known about the ability of human observers to process objects in the far periphery of their visual field and nothing about its evolution in case of central vision loss. We investigated implicit and explicit recognition at two large visual eccentricities. Pictures of objects were centred at 30° or 50° eccentricity. Implicit recognition was tested through a priming paradigm. Participants (normally sighted observers and people with 10-20 years of central vision loss) categorized pictures as animal/transport both in a study phase (Block 1) and in a test phase (Block 2). In explicit recognition participants decided for each picture presented in Block 2 whether it had been displayed in Block 1 (“yes”/“no”). Both visual (identical) and conceptual/lexical (same-name) priming occurred at 30° and at 50°. Explicit recognition was observed only at 30°. In people with central vision loss testing was only performed at 50° eccentricity. The pattern of results was similar to that of normally sighted observers but global performance was lower. The results suggest that vision, at large eccentricity, is mainly based on nonconscious coarse representations. Moreover, after 10-20 years of central vision loss, no evidence was found for an increased ability to use peripheral information in object recognition.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Alain-Bruno Fadjie-DjomkamChristian GodetBruno FabreStéphane CordierYann MolardSoraya Ababou-GirardSylvie Tricot-DoleuxPascal TurbanF. Solal
• Organismes : Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Virginie RavignéAudrey AndansonBénédicte FabrePascal FreyElisabeth FournierFrédéric GrognardLudovic MailleretDidier TharreauFabien Halkett
• Organismes : Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite Modeling and control of renewable resources Unité Recherches Intégrées en Horticulture Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes

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Résumé : no abstract

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Vincent NègreJuliette FabreChristine C. GranierMyriam DauzatNathalie WuytsAnne TireauEmilie GennariPascal NeveuSebastien S. TisneCatherine MassonnetIrène Hummel
• Organismes : Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]

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Résumé : Renewed interest in plant×environment interactions has risen in the post-genomic era. In this context, high-throughput phenotyping platforms have been developed to create reproducible environmental scenarios in which the phenotypic responses of multiple genotypes can be analysed in a reproducible way. These platforms benefit hugely from the development of suitable databases for storage, sharing and analysis of the large amount of data collected. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, most databases available to the scientific community contain data related to genetic and molecular biology and are characterised by an inadequacy in the description of plant developmental stages and experimental metadata such as environmental conditions. Our goal was to develop a comprehensive information system for sharing of the data collected in PHENOPSIS, an automated platform for Arabidopsis thaliana phenotyping, with the scientific community. PHENOPSIS DB is a publicly available (URL: http://bioweb.supagro.inra.fr/phenopsis/) information system developed for storage, browsing and sharing of online data generated by the PHENOPSIS platform and offline data collected by experimenters and experimental metadata. It provides modules coupled to a Web interface for (i) the visualisation of environmental data of an experiment, (ii) the visualisation and statistical analysis of phenotypic data, and (iii) the analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana plant images. Firstly, data stored in the PHENOPSIS DB are of interest to the Arabidopsis thaliana community, particularly in allowing phenotypic meta-analyses directly linked to environmental conditions on which publications are still scarce. Secondly, data or image analysis modules can be downloaded from the Web interface for direct usage or as the basis for modifications according to new requirements. Finally, the structure of PHENOPSIS DB provides a useful template for the development of other similar databases related to genotype×environment interactions.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Pascal NeveuJuliette FabreCaroline DomergEmilie GennariVincent NègreAnne Tireau
• Organismes : Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie

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Résumé : DESIRR permet d'organiser, de capitaliser, de partager et de valoriser des fonctions écrites dans le langage de programmation statistique R. En effet, dans le cadre d'un laboratoire de recherche, un très grand nombre de fonctions R sont écrites par différents auteurs dont les contrats peuvent être de courte durée. Ce système utilise une ontologie spécifique permettant de décrire les fonctions R et de raisonner. DESIRR est un dépôt « intelligent » de fonctions et d'annotations associées à des outils de recherche puissants qui s'appuient sur du raisonnement. Le système est mis en œuvre grâce aux technologies du Web Sémantique (RDF/S, OWL et SPARQL).

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2010
• Auteurs : Stéphane CordierBruno FabreYann MolardAlain-Bruno Fadjie-DjomkamNicolas TournerieAlexandra LednevaNikolai.G. NaumovAlain MoréacPascal TurbanSylvain TricotSoraya Ababou-GirardChristian Godet
• Organismes : Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes Institut de Physique de Rennes
• Publié dans Journal of Physical Chemistry C le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : The electronic properties of redox-active transition metal clusters (Re6Se8) covalently immobilized on modified Si(111) surfaces through linear alkyl spacers have been studied as a function of the cluster coverage (1 × 1013-6 × 1013 cm-2). The latter is controlled by using Si(111)/H surfaces modified by dense mixed alkyl/acid-terminated monolayers with variable fraction of the acid grafting sites from 5 to 100% in solution. Quantitative X-ray photoemission analysis, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and scanning tunnelling microscopy indicate a covalent attachment of a submonolayer to densely packed monolayer of Re6Se8 clusters, while the vibrational Raman signature confirms the cluster integrity within the monolayer. Electrical band gaps as deduced from scanning tunnelling spectroscopy have been obtained for low Re6Se8 cluster coverage. Using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, electronic properties such as ionization potential changes and energy level alignments at organic/inorganic interfaces are studied. We show that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the Re6Se8 cluster is close to the bottom of the Si conduction band. At high cluster coverage, this affects the current-voltage characteristics measured using a weakly interacting top mercury contact onto the organic monolayer/silicon junctions. Indeed, on n-type silicon, the high level current at low bias and the shape of the conductance G(V) curve indicate a Schottky barrier height lowering. On the other hand, the current-voltage characteristics are the same for both acid-terminated and low coverage Re6Se8 cluster junctions at low bias; the high Schottky barrier height limits the current at low bias. When the forward bias increases, the current is tunnelling limited. As expected from the band alignment deduced from photoemission data, the opposite behavior is obtained on p-type silicon.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 28/05/2009
• Auteurs : Sarah GoriaCôme DaniauPerrine de Crouy-ChanelPascal Empereur-BissonnetPascal FabreMarc ColonnaCedric DuboudinJ.-F. VielSylvia Richardson
• Organismes : Institut de Veille Sanitaire Institut de Veille Sanitaire Institut de Veille Sanitaire Institut de Veille Sanitaire Institut de Veille Sanitaire Registre des cancers de l’Isère [CHU de Grenoble] Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health
• Publié dans Int J Health Geogr le 25/09/2007

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Résumé : ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We conducted an ecological study in four French administrative departments and highlighted an excess risk in cancer morbidity for residents around municipal solid waste incinerators. The aim of this paper is to show how important are advanced tools and statistical techniques to better assess weak associations between the risk of cancer and past environmental exposures. METHODS: The steps to evaluate the association between the risk of cancer and the exposure to incinerators, from the assessment of exposure to the definition of the confounding variables and the statistical analysis carried out are detailed and discussed. Dispersion modelling was used to assess exposure to sixteen incinerators. A geographical information system was developed to define an index of exposure at the IRIS level that is the geographical unit we considered. Population density, rural/urban status, socio-economic deprivation, exposure to air pollution from traffic and from other industries were considered as potential confounding factors and defined at the IRIS level. Generalized additive models and Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate the association between the risk of cancer and the index of exposure to incinerators accounting for the confounding factors. RESULTS: Modelling to assess the exposure to municipal solid waste incinerators allowed accounting for factors known to influence the exposure (meteorological data, point source characteristics, topography). The statistical models defined allowed modelling extra-Poisson variability and also non-linear relationships between the risk of cancer and the exposure to incinerators and the confounders. CONCLUSIONS: In most epidemiological studies distance is still used as a proxy for exposure leading to significant exposure missclassification. Additionally, in geographical correlation studies the non-linear relationships are usually not accounted for in the statistical analysis. In studies of weak associations it is important to use advanced methods to better assess dose-response relationships with disease risk.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 27/05/2009
• Auteurs : Pascal Fabre
• Organismes : Laboratoire Orléanais de Gestion (1998-2011)

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Résumé : L'implémentation des décisions présidentielles, en particulier celles relatives à la contrainte financière, constitue un défi à la gouvernance des universités. Par rapport à cet objectif, les directeurs d'UFR ou doyens représentent une courroie de transmission vitale entre la présidence et les composantes. L'objectif de cet article est donc d'examiner quels obstacles rencontrent les directeurs d'UFR chargés de décliner la contrainte financière dans leurs établissements et parallèlement d'examiner en quoi les outils de gestion (en particulier la comptabilité analytique) peuvent contribuer à lever (au moins partiellement) ces obstacles.

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Fichiers liés : p41.pdf

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