Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 28/06/2006
• Auteurs : Stéphane LenfantDavid GuérinClaude ChevrotSerge PalacinJean-Philippe BourgoinOthman BouloussaFrancis RondelezDominique VuillaumeFrançois Tran-Van
• Organismes : Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Physico-Chimie-Curie Physico-Chimie-Curie Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
• Publié dans Journal of Physical Chemistry B le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : We report the synthesis and characterization of molecular rectifying diodes on silicon using sequential grafting of self-assembled monolayers of alkyl chains bearing a group at their outer end (Si/-/metal junctions). We investigate the structure-performance relationships of these molecular devices, and we examine the extent to which the nature of the end group (change in the energy position of their molecular orbitals) drives the properties of these molecular diodes. Self-assembled monolayers of alkyl chains (different chain lengths from 6 to 15 methylene groups) functionalized by phenyl, anthracene, pyrene, ethylene dioxythiophene, ethylene dioxyphenyl, thiophene, terthiophene, and quaterthiophene were synthesized and characterized by contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that reasonably well-packed monolayers are obtained in all cases. Their electrical properties were assessed by dc current-voltage characteristics and high-frequency (1-MHz) capacitance measurements. For all of the groups investigated here, we observed rectification behavior. These results extend our preliminary work using phenyl and thiophene groups (Lenfant et al., Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 741). The experimental current-voltage curves were analyzed with a simple analytical model, from which we extracted the energy position of the molecular orbital of the group in resonance with the Fermi energy of the electrodes. We report experimental studies of the band lineup in these silicon/alkyl -conjugated molecule/metal junctions. We conclude that Fermi-level pinning at the group/metal interface is mainly responsible for the observed absence of a dependence of the rectification effect on the nature of the groups, even though the groups examined were selected to have significant variations in their electronic molecular orbitals.

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Fichiers liés : 0605700.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 26/06/2006
• Auteurs : Xavier HauboisGuy PerrinSylvestre LacourPeter A. SchullerJohn D. MonnierJean-Philippe BergerStephen RidgwayRafael Millan-GabetEttore PedrettiWesley A. Traub
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 26/06/2006
• Auteurs : Pierre BecquartGaël PetitjeanYassine Al TabaaDiane ValéaMarie-France HuguetEdouard TuaillonNicolas MedaJean-Pierre VendrellPhilippe Van De Perre
• Organismes : VIH/SIDA et maladies associées VIH/SIDA et maladies associées Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] VIH/SIDA et maladies associées
• Publié dans AIDS. Official journal of the international AIDS Society le 23/08/2019

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Résumé : In breast milk and paired blood samples of nine HIV-1-infected lactating women, we undertook a study to detect a CD4 T-cell reservoir and to investigate its capacity to enter viral production after activation. Breast milk-infected CD4 T cells have a greater capacity to produce viral particles actively than blood CD4 T cells. This observation may explain the apparent paradox of a transmissible viral infection from a body fluid with a low viral concentration.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 21/06/2006
• Auteurs : Wigneron J.-P.Yann H. KerrP. WaldteufelP. FerrazzoliPhilippe RichaumeKhaldoun SalehJ.-C. CalvetAndré ChanzyFrançois DemontouxPatricia de RosnayMaria Jose EscorihuelaJ. FenollarJennifer GrantR. GurneyBénédicte HornbuckleAlexandre KruszewskiE. Lopez-BaezaC. MatzlerT. PellarinGilles RuffiéMike SchwankA. van de GriendAli MahmoodiS. Delwart
• Organismes : Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Laboratoire de physique des interactions ondes matières Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Laboratoire de physique des interactions ondes matières

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 20/06/2006
• Auteurs : Wigneron J.-P.Yann H. KerrPhilippe WaldteufelPhilippe RichaumeKauzar Saleh ContellJennifer GrantAdriaan A. van de GriendFrançois DemontouxGilles RuffiéPaolo FerrazzoliPatricia de RosnayMaria Jose EscorihuelaJean-Christophe CalvetJ. FenollarErnesto Lopez-Baeza
• Organismes : Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Universitat de València = University of Valencia = Universidade de Valencia Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma, Italia] = University of Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italy] = Université de Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italie] Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est Universitat de València = University of Valencia = Universidade de Valencia Universitat de València = University of Valencia = Universidade de Valencia

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Résumé : In the framework of the ground segment activities for the SMOS mission, geophysical products (e.g. soil moisture (SM) and vegetation characteristics) will be produced by an operational SMOS Level 2 Soil Moisture retrieval algorithm. The principle of the algorithm is based on an iterative approach, minimizing a cost function computed from the sum of squared weighted differences between measured and modelled brightness temperature (TB) data, for a range of incidence angles. The retrievals provide the best suited parameters driving the direct TB model that minimize the cost function. The selected direct model is the so-called L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) which was used in the first ESA studies aiming at assessing SMOS capabilities from synthetic data set. In the algorithm process, for each incidence angle, the different cover types (vegetated area, open water, urban area, land use, etc.) present within the SMOS footprint are estimated from high resolution land use maps. For low vegetation and forest categories, these maps allow to distinguish between a large number of sub-categories (N > 200) corresponding to grasslands, crops, matorral, tropical & boreal forests, etc. for a variety of climatic and geographic conditions. Based on these refined vegetation classes, corresponding to specific vegetation structure, and on maps of soil properties (for soil texture, roughness and bulk density) parameters driving the L-MEB can be selected and tabulated. Of course L-MEB is not frozen but prone to evolve so as to gradually incorporate significant improvements made in the field. Recently, in the framework of SMOS research activities, advances in understanding and modelling the L-band microwave emissivity of vegetation have been achieved. These results were mainly obtained over natural land covers, over which very few informations were available to date. They could be derived from a substantial number of experimental campaigns carried out throughout Europe, for a variety of vegetation/soil characteristics and climatic conditions; To name but a few, SMOSREX over fallow and bare soil near Toulouse, MELBEX over matorral in the Mediterranean environment of Valencia, Bray and Jülich over, respectively, coniferous (Les Landes) and deciduous forests, etc. The combination of these experimental data with modelling activities over the last years helped to improve significantly our knowledge of the key processes that drive the emission of natural vegetation canopies: effect of water interception by the standing vegetation, attenuation of soil emission by mulch and litter, dependence of vegetation attenuation on configuration parameters (incidence angle, polarization), etc. The most significant recent results obtained over prairies, forests and matorrals are presented and discussed in this communication.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 20/06/2006
• Auteurs : Denis MagnePhilippe LacubeAdela AngoulvantLeila MelianiFrançoise BotterelMarie-Elisabeth BougnouxChristian ChochillonMuriel CornetEric DannaouiAnnick DatryJean DunandGuy GaleazziClaire Bouges-MichelHélène YeraClaudine SarfatiPatricia Roux
• Organismes : Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) faculté de médecine Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Unité mixte de recherche biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Louis Mourier Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 19/06/2006
• Auteurs : Jérôme RosePerrine ChaurandAnne BenardPhilippe BoningClément SuavetJ. GattaccecaEmmanuel DoelschD BorschneckJean-Paul AmbrosiEdouard BardPierre RochetteJ.Y. Bottero
• Organismes : Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan Recyclage et risque Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan centre de Nouméa, Biogéodynamique Supergène et Géomorphologie Tropicale Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan

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Résumé : X-ray spectromicroscopy coupling micro-XRF and X-ray microscopy has been developed on synchrotron source more then ten years ago. At the laboratory scale such techniques were more confidential. Due to recent developments in terms of X-ray source and especially in terms of focalization (capillaries, Zone plates...) laboratory micro-XRF equipment have been commercialized in the last 4 or 5 years (Horiba-Jobin Yvon, EDAX, Shimadzu, COX...). Such laboratory instrument are not only limited to material science but they are known to be very efficient in geosciences and environmental science. In these last domains, the main issue is to assess the transfer of pollutant and/or to localise spatially some element(s) of interest. Elements are often present at low concentration and can not be detected by SEM-EDX. Otherwise,the studied samples are generally disordered, heterogeneous, and/or fragile but X-ray spectromicroscopy is a non destructive method and allows In the present work we will present and discuss the advantages and limitations of micro-XRF/microscope (XGT-5000, Horiba-Jobin-Yvon ) equipped with of a 10 µm spot size on different environmental applications.The X-ray beam is generated with a Rh X-ray tube at an acceleration voltage of 15 to 50 keV with a current adjustable up to 1 mA.The X-ray beam is focused with an X- ray guide tube, whose inner diameter is 10 µm, producing a finely focused and high-intensity X-ray beam. The latter is calibrated by measuring the absorption of a tungsten wire of 5 µm thickness, scanned through the beam. X-ray emission from the irradiated sample is detected with an Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer equipped with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled high-purity Si detector. The resolution of the detector is 145 eV at the Mn K(alpha) emission line. Furthermore, a scintillator enables transmission measurements. Many scientific topics benefit from the application of our micro-XRF. For example, the impact of waste reuse can be assessed by determining the transfer mechanism of metal pollutants. Recent results concerning by-products from steel industry indicate that vanadium is released from the initial matrix. Lab-installed m cro XRF helped to identify the mineral bearing phases of V. First results concerning the composition of marine sediments are very promising. For example, the ultra-high resolution analysis of a partly laminated sediment core from the Arabian Sea reveals element variabilities at the seasonal scale (100 µm scale).This helps to determine the extend and exact timing of individual phase transitions with respect to past climatic and oceanic changes. Micro-XRF can also be very helpful to identify and classify extra terrestrial material by analyzing e.g. Fe/Ni and Fe/Si ratio.This technique has been successfully applied to meteorites and m crometeorites. Indeed such materials are rare,fragile and very small (down to a few tens of µm in size for micrometeorites). One needs a non destructive technique. Moreover the surface is generally altered and SEM-EDX failed to discriminate samples. Lab-micro-XRF appears as a very interesting routine tool.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 18/06/2006
• Auteurs : Pierre-Louis TabernaSagar MitraPhilippe PoizotPatrice SimonJean‐marie Tarascon
• Organismes : Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingénierie des matériaux Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 UPJV Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 UPJV Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingénierie des matériaux Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 UPJV
• Publié dans Nature Materials le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : All battery technologies are known to suffer from kinetic problems linked to the solid-state diffusion of Li in intercalation electrodes, the conductivity of the electrolyte in some cases and the quality of interfaces. For Li-ion technology the latter effect is especially acute when conversion rather than intercalation electrodes are used. Nano-architectured electrodes are usually suggested to enhance kinetics, although their realization is cumbersome. To tackle this issue for the conversion electrode material Fe3O4, we have used a two-step electrode design consisting of the electrochemically assisted template growth of Cu nanorods onto a current collector followed by electrochemical plating of Fe3O4. Using such electrodes, we demonstrate a factor of six improvement in power density over planar electrodes while maintaining the same total discharge time. The capacity at the 8C rate was 80% of the total capacity and was sustained over 100 cycles. The origin of the large hysteresis between charge and discharge, intrinsic to conversion reactions, is discussed and approaches to reduce it are proposed. We hope that such findings will help pave the way for the use of conversion reaction electrodes in future-generation Li-ion batteries.

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Fichiers liés : Taberna_2583.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 16/06/2006
• Auteurs : Philippe Martin
• Organismes : Religions et croyances

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 15/06/2006
• Auteurs : Monica Mameli-EngvallAlexis EvrardStéphanie PonsUwe MaskosTorgny H SvenssonJean-Pierre ChangeuxPhilippe Faure
• Organismes : Récepteurs et Cognition Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Récepteurs et Cognition Récepteurs et Cognition Récepteurs et Cognition Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Récepteurs et Cognition Récepteurs et Cognition
• Publié dans Neuron le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Nicotine elicits dopamine release by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic neurons. However, a modulation of these neurons by endogenous acetylcholine has not been described. We recorded, in vivo, the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA of anaesthetized wt and nAChR knockout mice and their response to nicotine injections. Deleting alpha7 or beta2 subunits modified the spontaneous firing patterns, demonstrating their direct stimulation by endogenous acetylcholine. Quantitative analysis further revealed four principal modes of firing, each depending on the expression of particular nAChR subunits and presenting unique responses to nicotine. The prominent role of the beta2 subunit was further confirmed by its selective lentiviral reexpression in the VTA. These data suggest a hierarchical control of dopaminergic neuron firing patterns by nAChRs: activation of beta2*-nAChR switches cells from a resting to an excited state, whereas activation of alpha7*-nAChRs finely tunes the latter state but only once beta2*-nAChRs have been activated.

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