Thomas BOUCHER

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2023
• Auteurs : Tim BoyerEllen Bartow-GilliesA. AbidaMelanie AdesRobert AdlerSusheel AdusumilliW. AgyakwahBrandon AhmasukLaura AldecoMihai AlexeEric AlfaroRichard AllanAdam AllgoodLincoln. AlvesJorge AmadorJohn AndersonB. AndradeO. AnnevilleYasuyuki AonoAnthony ArguezCarlo ArosioC. AtkinsonJohn AugustineGrinia AvalosCesar Azorin-MolinaStacia BackenstoStephan BaderJulian BaezRebecca BaimanThomas BallingerAlison BanwellM. Yu BardinJonathan BarichivichJohn BarnesSandra BarreiraRebecca BeadlingHylke BeckEmily BeckerE. BekeleGuillem Martín BellidoNicolas BellouinAngela BenedettiRasmus BenestadChristine BerneLogan. BernerGermar BernhardUma BhattA. BhuiyanSiiri BigalkeTiago BilóPeter BissolliW. Bjerke JarleKevin BlagraveEric BlakeStephen BlenkinsopJessica BlundenOliver BochníčekOlivier BockXavier BodinMichael BosilovichOlivier BoucherDeniz BozkurtBrian BrettschneiderFrancis BringasDennis BuechlerStefan BuehlerBrandon BukuntBlanca CalderónSuzana CamargoJayaka CampbellDiego CamposLaura CarreaBrendan CarterIvona CetinićDon ChambersDuo ChanElise ChandlerKai-Lan ChangHua ChenLin ChenLijing ChengVincent ChengLeah ChomiakHanne ChristiansenJohn ChristyEui-Seok ChungLaura CiastoLeonardo ClarkeKyle ClemScott ClinganCaio A.S. CoelhoJudah CohenMelanie Coldewey-EgbersSteve ColwellOwen CooperRichard CornesKris CorreaFelipe CostaCurt CoveyLawrence CoyJean-François CrétauxLenka CrhovaTheresa CrimminsMeghan CroninThomas CropperMolly CrotwellJoshua CulpepperAna CunhaDiego CusicanquiRajashree DattaSean DavisVeerle de BockRichard de JeuJos de LaatBertrand DecharmeDoug DegensteinReynald DelaloyeMesut DemircanChris DerksenRicardo DeusK. DhurmeaHoward DiamondS. DirkseDmitry DivineMartin DokulilMarkus DonatShenfu DongWouter DorigoCaroline Drost JensenMatthew DruckenmillerPaula DrumondMarcel Du PlessisHilary DuganDashkhuu DulamsurenDevon DunmireRobert DunnImke DurreGeoff DuttonGregory DuveillerMithat EkiciAlesksandra Elias CherequeM. ElkharrimHoward EpsteinJ.C. EspinozaThomas EstilowNicole EstrellaNicolas FauchereauRobert FaustoRichard FeelyChris FenimoreDavid FeredayXavier FettweisVitali FioletovJohannes FlemmingChris FogartyRyan FogtBruce ForbesMichael FosterBryan FranzNatalie FreemanHelen FrickerStacey FrithLucien FroidevauxGerald FrostSteven FuhrmanMartin FüllekrugCatherine GanterMeng GaoAlex GardnerJudith GarforthJay GargSebastian GerlandBadin GibbesSarah GilleJohn GilsonKarin GleasonNadine GobronScott GoetzStanley GoldenbergGustavo GoniSteven GoodmanAtsushi GotoJens-Uwe GrooßAlexander GruberGuojun GuS. HagosSebastian HahnLeopold HaimbergerBradley HallBenjamin HamlingtonEdward HannaInger Hanssen-BauerDaniel HarnosIan HarrisQiong HeRichard HeimSverker HellströmDeborah HemmingStefan HendricksJ. HicksHugo HidalgoMartin HirschiShu-Peng HoW. HobbsRobert HolmesRobert HolzworthFilip HrbáčekGuojie HuZeng-Zhen HuBoyin HuangHongjie HuangDale HurstIolanda IalongoAntje InnessKetil IsaksenMasayoshi IshiiGerardo JadraSvetlana JevrejevaViju JohnW. JohnsBjørn JohnsenBryan JohnsonGregory JohnsonPhilip JonesTimothy JonesSimon JoseyG. JumauxRobert JunodAndreas KääbK. KabidiJohannes KaiserRobb S.A. KalerLars KaleschkeViktor KaufmannAmin Fazl KazemiLinda KellerAndreas Kellerer-PirklbauerMike KendonJohn KennedyElizabeth KentKenneth KerrValentina KhanMai Van KhiemRichard KiddMi Ju KimSeong-Joong KimZak KiplingPhilip KlotzbachJohn KnaffAkash KoppaNatalia KorshunovaBenjamin KraemerNatalya KramarovaA. KrugerAndries KrugerArun KumarMichelle L’heureuxSofia La FuenteAlo LaasZachary LabeRick LaderMónika LakatosKaisa LakkalaHoang Phuc LamXin LanPeter LandschützerChris LandseaTimothy LangMatthias LankhorstKathleen LantzMark LaraWaldo Lavado-CasimiroDavid LaversMatthew LazzaraThierry LeblancTsz-Cheung LeeEric LeibenspergerChris LennardEric LeulietteKinson LeungJan LieserTanja LiksoI-I. LinJackie LindseyYakun LiuRicardo LocarniniNorman LoebBryant LoomisAndrew LorreyDiego LoyolaRui LuRick LumpkinJing-Jia LuoKari LuojusJohn LymanStephen MaberlyMatthew MacanderMichael MacferrinGraeme MacgilchristMichelle MaclennanRémi MadelonAndrew MageeFlorence MagninJostein MamenKen MankoffGloria ManneyIzolda MarcinonienėJose MarengoMohammadi MarjanAna MartínezRobert MassomShin-Ichiro MatsuzakiLinda MayMichael MayerMatthew MazloffStephanie McafeeC. McbrideMatthew MccabeJames McclellandMichael McPhadenTim McvicarCarl MearsWalter MeierA. MekonnenAnnette MenzelChristopher MerchantMark MerrifieldMichael MeyerTristan MeyersDavid MikolajczykJohn MillerDiego MirallesNoelia MiseviciusAlexey MishonovGary MitchumBen MoatLeander MoesingerAurel MoiseJorge Molina-CarpioGhislaine MonetStephan MontzkaTwila MoonG. MooreNatali MoraJohnny MoránClaire MorehenColin MoriceA. MostafaThomas MoteIvan MrekajLawrence MudrykJens MühleRolf MüllerDavid NanceEric NashR. Steven NeremPaul NewmanJulien NicolasJuan NietoJeannette NoetzliBen NollTaylor NortonKelsey NylandJohn O’keefeNaomi OchwatYoshinori OikawaYuka OkunakaTimothy OsbornJames OverlandTaejin ParkMark ParringtonJulia ParrishRichard PaschReynaldo Pascual RamírezCécile PelletMauri PeltoMelita Perčec TadićDonald PerovichGuðrún Nína PetersenKyle PetersenIrina PetropavlovskikhAlek PettyAlexandre PezzaLuciano PezziCoda PhillipsGareth PhoenixDon PiersonIzidine PintoVanda PiresMichael PittsStephen Po-ChedleyPaolo PogliottiKristin PoinarLorenzo PolvaniWolfgang PreimesbergerColin PriceMerja PulkkanenSarah PurkeyBo QiuKenny QuisbertWilly QuispeM. RajeevanAndrea RamosWilliam RandelMika RantanenMarilyn RaphaelJames ReaganCristina RecaldePhillip ReidSamuel RémyAlejandra Reyes KohlerLucrezia RicciardulliAndrew RichardsonRobert RickerDavid RobinsonM. RobjhonWilly RochaMatthew RodellEsteban Rodriguez GuisadoNemesio Rodríguez-FernándezVladimir RomanovskyJosyane RonchailMatthew RosencransKaren RosenlofBenjamin RösnerHenrieke RösnerAlexei RozanovJozef RozkošnýFrans RubekOlga RusanovskayaThis RutishauserC. SabeeraliRoberto SalinasAhira Sánchez-LugoMichelle SanteeMarcelo SantiniKatsunari SatoParnchai SawaengphokhaiA. SayouriTheodore ScambosVerena SchenzingerSemjon SchimankeRobert SchlegelClaudia SchmidMartin SchmidUdo SchneiderCarl SchreckCristina Schultz_ _Z. SegeleSerhat SensoyShawn SerbinMark SerrezeAmsari Mudzakir SetiawanFumi SezakiSapna SharmaJonathan SharpGay SheffieldJia-Rui ShiLei ShiAlexander ShiklomanovNikolay ShiklomanovSvetlana ShimaraevaR. ShuklaDavid SiegelEugene SilowF. SimaAdrian SimmonsDavid SmeedAdam SmithSharon SmithBrian SodenViktoria SofievaEveraldo SouzaTim SparksJacqueline Spence-HemmingsRobert SpencerSandra SpillaneO. SreejithA. SrivastavaPaul StackhouseSharon StammerjohnRyan StaufferWolfgang SteinbrechtAndrea SteinerJose StellaTannecia StephensonPietro StradiottiSusan StrahanDmitry StreletskiyDivya SurendranAnya SuslovaTove SvendbyWilliam SweetKiyotoshi TakahashiKazuto TakemuraSuzanne TankMichael TaylorMarco TedescoStephen ThackerayW. ThiawEmmanuel ThibertRichard ThomanAndrew ThompsonPhilip ThompsonXiangshan Tian-KunzeMary-Louise TimmermansMaxim TimofeyevSkie TobinHans TømmervikKleareti TourpaliLidia TresciloMikhail TretiakovBlair TrewinJoaquin TriñanesAdrian TrotmanRyan TruchelutLuke TruselMari TyeRonald van der ARobin van der SchalieGerard van der SchrierCedric van MeerbeeckArnold J.H. van VlietAhad VazifePiet VerburgJean-Paul VernierIsaac VimontKatrina VirtsSebastián ViveroDenis VolkovHolger VömelRussell VoseDonald WalkerJohn WalshBin WangHui WangMuyin WangRay WangXinyue WangRik WanninkhofTaran WarnockMark WeberMelinda WebsterAdrian WehrléCaihong WenToby WestberryMatthew WidlanskyDavid WieseJeannette WildJonathan WilleAn WillemsKate WillettEarle WilliamsJ. WillisTakmeng WongKimberly WoodRichard Iestyn WoolwayPing-Ping XieDedi YangXungang YinZiqi YinZhenzhong ZengHuai-Min ZhangLi ZhangPeiqun ZhangLin ZhaoXinjia ZhouZhiwei ZhuJerry ZiemkeMarkus ZieseScott ZolkosRuxandra ZottaCheng-Zhi ZouJessicca AllenAmy CamperBridgette HaleyGregory HammerS. Elizabeth Love-BrotakLaura OhlmannLukas NoguchiDeborah RiddleSara Veasey
• Organismes : NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts University of Maryland [College Park] University of California NOAA National Weather Service Météo-France Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Océan et variabilité du climat
• Publié dans Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Earth’s global climate system is vast, complex, and intricately interrelated. Many areas are influenced by global-scale phenomena, including the “triple dip” La Niña conditions that prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean nearly continuously from mid-2020 through all of 2022; by regional phenomena such as the positive winter and summer North Atlantic Oscillation that impacted weather in parts the Northern Hemisphere and the negative Indian Ocean dipole that impacted weather in parts of the Southern Hemisphere; and by more localized systems such as high-pressure heat domes that caused extreme heat in different areas of the world. Underlying all these natural short-term variabilities are long-term climate trends due to continuous increases since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases. In 2022, the annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 417.1±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. Global mean tropospheric methane abundance was 165% higher than its pre-industrial level, and nitrous oxide was 24% higher. All three gases set new record-high atmospheric concentration levels in 2022. Sea-surface temperature patterns in the tropical Pacific characteristic of La Niña and attendant atmospheric patterns tend to mitigate atmospheric heat gain at the global scale, but the annual global surface temperature across land and oceans was still among the six highest in records dating as far back as the mid-1800s. It was the warmest La Niña year on record. Many areas observed record or near-record heat. Europe as a whole observed its second-warmest year on record, with sixteen individual countries observing record warmth at the national scale. Records were shattered across the continent during the summer months as heatwaves plagued the region. On 18 July, 104 stations in France broke their all-time records. One day later, England recorded a temperature of 40°C for the first time ever. China experienced its second-warmest year and warmest summer on record. In the Southern Hemisphere, the average temperature across New Zealand reached a record high for the second year in a row. While Australia’s annual temperature was slightly below the 1991–2020 average, Onslow Airport in Western Australia reached 50.7°C on 13 January, equaling Australia's highest temperature on record. While fewer in number and locations than record-high temperatures, record cold was also observed during the year. Southern Africa had its coldest August on record, with minimum temperatures as much as 5°C below normal over Angola, western Zambia, and northern Namibia. Cold outbreaks in the first half of December led to many record-low daily minimum temperature records in eastern Australia. The effects of rising temperatures and extreme heat were apparent across the Northern Hemisphere, where snow-cover extent by June 2022 was the third smallest in the 56-year record, and the seasonal duration of lake ice cover was the fourth shortest since 1980. More frequent and intense heatwaves contributed to the second-greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Glaciers in the Swiss Alps lost a record 6% of their volume. In South America, the combination of drought and heat left many central Andean glaciers snow free by mid-summer in early 2022; glacial ice has a much lower albedo than snow, leading to accelerated heating of the glacier. Across the global cryosphere, permafrost temperatures continued to reach record highs at many high-latitude and mountain locations. In the high northern latitudes, the annual surface-air temperature across the Arctic was the fifth highest in the 123-year record. The seasonal Arctic minimum sea-ice extent, typically reached in September, was the 11th-smallest in the 43-year record; however, the amount of multiyear ice—ice that survives at least one summer melt season—remaining in the Arctic continued to decline. Since 2012, the Arctic has been nearly devoid of ice more than four years old. In Antarctica, an unusually large amount of snow and ice fell over the continent in 2022 due to several landfalling atmospheric rivers, which contributed to the highest annual surface mass balance, 15% to 16% above the 1991–2020 normal, since the start of two reanalyses records dating to 1980. It was the second-warmest year on record for all five of the long-term staffed weather stations on the Antarctic Peninsula. In East Antarctica, a heatwave event led to a new all-time record-high temperature of −9.4°C—44°C above the March average—on 18 March at Dome C. This was followed by the collapse of the critically unstable Conger Ice Shelf. More than 100 daily low sea-ice extent and sea-ice area records were set in 2022, including two new all-time annual record lows in net sea-ice extent and area in February. Across the world’s oceans, global mean sea level was record high for the 11th consecutive year, reaching 101.2 mm above the 1993 average when satellite altimetry measurements began, an increase of 3.3±0.7 over 2021. Globally-averaged ocean heat content was also record high in 2022, while the global sea-surface temperature was the sixth highest on record, equal with 2018. Approximately 58% of the ocean surface experienced at least one marine heatwave in 2022. In the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand’s longest continuous marine heatwave was recorded. A total of 85 named tropical storms were observed during the Northern and Southern Hemisphere storm seasons, close to the 1991–2020 average of 87. There were three Category 5 tropical cyclones across the globe—two in the western North Pacific and one in the North Atlantic. This was the fewest Category 5 storms globally since 2017. Globally, the accumulated cyclone energy was the lowest since reliable records began in 1981. Regardless, some storms caused massive damage. In the North Atlantic, Hurricane Fiona became the most intense and most destructive tropical or post-tropical cyclone in Atlantic Canada’s history, while major Hurricane Ian killed more than 100 people and became the third costliest disaster in the United States, causing damage estimated at $113 billion U.S. dollars. In the South Indian Ocean, Tropical Cyclone Batsirai dropped 2044 mm of rain at Commerson Crater in Réunion. The storm also impacted Madagascar, where 121 fatalities were reported. As is typical, some areas around the world were notably dry in 2022 and some were notably wet. In August, record high areas of land across the globe (6.2%) were experiencing extreme drought. Overall, 29% of land experienced moderate or worse categories of drought during the year. The largest drought footprint in the contiguous United States since 2012 (63%) was observed in late October. The record-breaking megadrought of central Chile continued in its 13th consecutive year, and 80-year record-low river levels in northern Argentina and Paraguay disrupted fluvial transport. In China, the Yangtze River reached record-low values. Much of equatorial eastern Africa had five consecutive below-normal rainy seasons by the end of 2022, with some areas receiving record-low precipitation totals for the year. This ongoing 2.5-year drought is the most extensive and persistent drought event in decades, and led to crop failure, millions of livestock deaths, water scarcity, and inflated prices for staple food items. In South Asia, Pakistan received around three times its normal volume of monsoon precipitation in August, with some regions receiving up to eight times their expected monthly totals. Resulting floods affected over 30 million people, caused over 1700 fatalities, led to major crop and property losses, and was recorded as one of the world’s costliest natural disasters of all time. Near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Petrópolis received 530 mm in 24 hours on 15 February, about 2.5 times the monthly February average, leading to the worst disaster in the city since 1931 with over 230 fatalities. On 14–15 January, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in the South Pacific erupted multiple times. The injection of water into the atmosphere was unprecedented in both magnitude—far exceeding any previous values in the 17-year satellite record—and altitude as it penetrated into the mesosphere. The amount of water injected into the stratosphere is estimated to be 146±5 Terragrams, or ∼10% of the total amount in the stratosphere. It may take several years for the water plume to dissipate, and it is currently unknown whether this eruption will have any long-term climate effect.

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Fichiers liés : bams-2023BAMSStateoftheClimate_Intro.1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/2023
• Auteurs : Christine Lebrun-FrénayDarin OkudaAksel SivaCassandre Landes-ChâteauChristina AzevedoLydiane MondotClarisse Carra-DallièreHélène ZéphirCeline LouapreFrançoise Durand-DubiefEmmanuelle Le PageCaroline BensaAurélie RuetJonathan CironDavid-Axel LaplaudOlivier CasezGuillaume MatheyJérôme de SèzeBurcu ZeydanNaila MakhaniMelih TutuncuMichael LevrautMikael CohenEric ThouvenotDaniel PelletierOrhun KantarciSabrina SehakiNathalie Devys-MeyerMathieu BereauChrystelle CappeBruno BrochetJean-Christophe OualletKaty-Kim KounkouGilles DeferPierre BrangerFrédéric TaitheEmilie DumontEdwige LescieuxAgnès FromontAlexia ProtinMaty Diop KanePatrick HautecoeurOlivier OutteryckPatrick VermerschJulie BoucherJulie PetitIrène Tabellah KasondeAymeric de VilmarrestLaurent MagyMarie NicolMuriel MalbezinJavier OlaizClaire Rigaud-BullyNadine DebardFrançois CottonIuliana IonescuAmalle AbdelalliJean PelletierBertrand AudoinAdil MaaroufBernadette Di LelioXavier AyrignacPierre LabaugeFrédéric PinnaFrancis GuilleminMarc DebouverieAmandine ZieglerSandrine WiertlevskiSaskia BreschCéline CallierElodie DavidGiovanni CastelnovoCaroline PapeixElisabeth MaillartCatherine LubetzkiKarima ZehrouniBertrand FontaineClaire GiannesiniJérôme HodelAbir WahabMickaël ZedetOmbeline FagniezClémence LaageCorinne PottierIuliana SlesariMathilde SampaioÉmilie RaboisCédric CastexBenjamin HebantMaxime GuillaumeChristine VimontOlivier GoutAntoine GuegenLaure MichelRomain MurazDamien Le PortEmmanuelle LerayCarole HenryThomas de BrouckerNicolas CollonguesCarole BertheDamien BiottiNoellie FreitasVincent VisneuxMélanie ForestierStéphane BeltranGéraldine MeunierJérôme ServanFernando PicoVirginie ChatagnerFatai RadjiNathalie MorelDeborah Grosset-JeanninAurelian UngureanuLatine BoyerLaurent SuchetChristine Lebrun-FrenayOrhun KantarciAksel SivaDaniel PelletierChristina AzevedoNaila MakhaniDarin Okuda
• Organismes : Service de Neurologie [CHU Nice] UR2CA - URRIS - Unité de Recherche sur le syndrome Radiologique ISolé et maladies apparentées University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas] Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Service de Neurologie [CHU Nice] UR2CA - URRIS - Unité de Recherche sur le syndrome Radiologique ISolé et maladies apparentées University of Southern California Service de Neurologie [CHU Nice] UR2CA - URRIS - Unité de Recherche sur le syndrome Radiologique ISolé et maladies apparentées Département de Neurologie [Hôpital Gui de Chauliac - CHU Montpellier] Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 Centre d'investigation clinique Neurosciences [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL] Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] Service de Neurologie [CHU Rennes] Service de neurologie [Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild] Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale Service de neurologie [Bordeaux] Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires Département Neurologie [CHU Toulouse] CIC Plurithématique de Nantes Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie - Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Service de neurologie [Nantes] Pôle Psychiatrie et Neurologie [Grenoble] Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires CIC Strasbourg Service de Neurologie [Strasbourg] Mayo Clinic [Rochester] Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Service de Neurologie [CHU Nice] UR2CA - URRIS - Unité de Recherche sur le syndrome Radiologique ISolé et maladies apparentées Service de Neurologie [CHU Nice] UR2CA - URRIS - Unité de Recherche sur le syndrome Radiologique ISolé et maladies apparentées Service de Neurologie [CHU Nimes] Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle University of Southern California Mayo Clinic [Rochester]
• Publié dans Brain - A Journal of Neurology le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : The radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) was defined in 2009 as the presence of asymptomatic, incidentally identified demyelinating-appearing white matter lesions in the CNS within individuals lacking symptoms typical of multiple sclerosis (MS). The RIS criteria have been validated and predict the transition to symptomatic MS reliably. The performance of RIS criteria that require fewer MRI lesions is unknown. 2009-RIS subjects, by definition, fulfil three to four of four criteria for 2005 dissemination in space (DIS) and subjects fulfilling only one or two lesions in at least one 2017 DIS location were identified within 37 prospective databases. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify predictors of a first clinical event. Performances of different groups were calculated. Seven hundred and forty-seven subjects (72.2% female, mean age 37.7 ± 12.3 years at the index MRI) were included. The mean clinical follow-up time was 46.8 ± 45.4 months. All subjects had focal T2 hyperintensities suggestive of inflammatory demyelination on MRI; 251 (33.6%) fulfilled one or two 2017 DIS criteria (designated as Groups 1 and 2, respectively), and 496 (66.4%) fulfilled three or four 2005 DIS criteria representing 2009-RIS subjects. Group 1 and 2 subjects were younger than the 2009-RIS group and were more likely to develop new T2 lesions over time (P < 0.001). Groups 1 and 2 were similar regarding survival distribution and risk factors for transition to MS. At 5 years, the cumulative probability for a clinical event was 29.0% for Groups 1 and 2 compared to 38.7% for 2009-RIS (P = 0.0241). The presence of spinal cord lesions on the index scan and CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands in Groups 1-2 increased the risk of symptomatic MS evolution at 5 years to 38%, comparable to the risk of development in the 2009-RIS group. The presence of new T2 or gadolinium-enhancing lesions on follow-up scans independently increased the risk of presenting with a clinical event (P < 0.001). The 2009-RIS subjects or Groups 1 and 2 with at least two of the risk factors for a clinical event demonstrated better sensitivity (86.0%), negative predictive value (73.1%), accuracy (59.8%) and area under the curve (60.7%) compared to other criteria studied. This large prospective cohort brings Class I evidence that subjects with fewer lesions than required in the 2009 RIS criteria evolve directly to a first clinical event at a similar rate when additional risk factors are present. Our results provide a rationale for revisions to existing RIS diagnostic criteria.

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Fichiers liés : Lebrun-Frénay et al-2023-The radiologically isolated syndrome.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/2023
• Auteurs : Clemence BoucherThomas LacourJulie AndréDamien RéveillonPer Juel HansenFrancis Francis
• Organismes : Unité Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles Unité Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles Unité Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles Unité Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles
• Publié dans Harmful Algae le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Many harmful algae are mixoplanktonic, i.e. they combine phototrophy and phagotrophy, and this ability may explain their ecological success, especially when environmental conditions are not optimal for autotrophic growth. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted with the mixotrophic and ichthyotoxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum (strain CCAP 946/6) to test the effects of phosphorus (P) sufficiency and deficiency on its growth rate, phagotrophic and lytic activities. P-deficient P. parvum cultures were grown without or with addition of P in the form of inorganic phosphorus (nutrients) and/or living algal prey (i.e. the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia). The ingestion rate of P. parvum and prey mortality rate were calculated using flow cytometry measurements based on pigment-derived-fluorescence to distinguish between prey, predators and digesting predators. The first aim of the study was to develop a method taking into account the rate of digestion, allowing the calculation of ingestion rates over a two-week period. Growth rates of P. parvum were higher in the treatments with live prey, irrespective of the concentration of inorganic P, and maximum growth rates were found when both inorganic and organic P in form of prey were added (0.79 ± 0.07 d-1). In addition, the mortality rate of T. amphioxeia induced by lytic compounds was 0.2 ± 0.02 d-1 in the P-deficient treatment, while no mortality was observed under P-sufficiency in the present experiments. This study also revealed the mortality due to cell lysis exceeded that of prey ingestion. Therefore, additional experiments were conducted with lysed prey cells. When grown with debris from prey cells, the mean growth rate of P. parvum was similar to monocultures without additions of prey debris (0.30 ± 0.1 vs. 0.38 ± 0.03 d-1), suggesting that P. parvum is able to grow on prey debris, but not as fast as with live prey. These results provide the first quantitative evidence over two weeks of experiment that ingestion of organic P in the form of living prey and/or debris of prey plays an important role in P. parvum growth and may explain its ecological success in a nutrient-limited environments.

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Fichiers liés : S1568988323001099.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 25/06/2023
• Auteurs : Clarissa R. Do ÓSaavidra PereraJérôme MaireJayke NguyenVincent ChambouleyronQuinn KonopackyJeffrey ChilcoteJoeleff FitzsimmonsRandall HamperDan KerleyBruce MacintoshChristian MaroisFredrik RantakyröDmitry SavranskyJean-Pierre VeranGuido AgapitoS. Mark AmmonsMarco BonagliaMarc-Andre BoucherJennifer DunnSimone EspositoGuillaume FilionJean Thomas LandryOlivier LardièreDuan LiAlex MadurowiczDillon PengLisa PoyneerEckhart Spalding
• Organismes : Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Univ California Santa Cruz] University of Notre Dame [Indiana] National Research Council of Canada University of Notre Dame [Indiana] National Research Council of Canada Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Univ California Santa Cruz] National Research Council of Canada Cornell University [New York] National Research Council of Canada INAF- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory INAF- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri National Research Council of Canada INAF- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri National Research Council of Canada Cornell University [New York] Stanford University University of Notre Dame [Indiana] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory University of Notre Dame [Indiana]

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Résumé : GPI 2.0: Performance Evaluation of the Wavefront Sensor's EMCCD

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Fichiers liés : DoO_AO4ELT_Proceedings_3_.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 25/06/2023
• Auteurs : Eduardo MarinPeter WizinowichMaxwell A Millar-BlanchaerEliad PeretzSam RaglandMarc-Andre BoucherJason ChinGuillaume FilonJules FowlerLuke GersJack GrossmanShui KwokJean Thomas LandryScott LilleyBert PasqualeEd WetherellRebecca Jensen-ClemImke de PaterEtienne GauvinKevin HallPeter KurczynskiJohn MatherEric NielsenLucas ParbaciusPeter PlavchanSteph SallumShobita Satyapal
• Organismes : W.M. Keck Observatory W.M. Keck Observatory Physics Department [Santa Barbara] NASA Goddard Space Flight Center W.M. Keck Observatory

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Résumé : Enabling high resolution visible AO at the W.M. Keck Observatory

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Fichiers liés : marin_AO4ELT7_corrected.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 16/02/2023
• Auteurs : Yann QuilcailleThomas GasserPhilippe CiaisOlivier Boucher
• Organismes : International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace
• Publié dans Geoscientific Model Development le 21/10/2020

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Résumé : Abstract. Reduced-complexity models, also called simple climate models or compact models, provide an alternative to Earth system models (ESMs) with lower computational costs, although at the expense of spatial and temporal information. It remains important to evaluate and validate these reduced-complexity models. Here, we evaluate a recent version (v3.1) of the OSCAR model using observations and results from ESMs from the current Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). The results follow the same post-processing used for the contribution of OSCAR to the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP) Phase 2 regarding the identification of stable configurations and the use of observational constraints. These constraints succeed in decreasing the overestimation of global surface air temperature over 2000–2019 with reference to 1961–1900 from 0.60±0.11 to 0.55±0.04 K (the constraint being 0.54±0.05 K). The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the unconstrained OSCAR is 3.17±0.63 K, while CMIP5 and CMIP6 models have ECSs of 3.2±0.7 and 3.7±1.1 K, respectively. Applying observational constraints to OSCAR reduces the ECS to 2.78±0.47 K. Overall, the model qualitatively reproduces the responses of complex ESMs, although some differences remain due to the impact of observational constraints on the weighting of parametrizations. Specific features of OSCAR also contribute to these differences, such as its fully interactive atmospheric chemistry and endogenous calculations of biomass burning, wetlands CH4 and permafrost CH4 and CO2 emissions. Identified main points of needed improvements of the OSCAR model include a low sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to climate change, an instability of the ocean carbon cycle, the climate module that is seemingly too simple, and the climate feedback involving short-lived species that is too strong. Beyond providing a key diagnosis of the OSCAR model in the context of the reduced-complexity models, this work is also meant to help with the upcoming calibration of OSCAR on CMIP6 results and to provide a large group of CMIP6 simulations run consistently within a probabilistic framework.

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Fichiers liés : gmd-16-1129-2023.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/02/2023
• Auteurs : Olivia PlussHarlan CampbellLaura PezziIvonne MoralesYannik RoellTalia QuandelacyRahul Krishan AroraEmily BoucherMolly LambMay ChuTill BärnighausenThomas Jaenisch
• Organismes : Unité des Virus Emergents University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg]
• Publié dans International Journal of Epidemiology le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Abstract Background There has been a large influx of COVID-19 seroprevalence studies, but comparability between the seroprevalence estimates has been an issue because of heterogeneities in testing platforms and study methodology. One potential source of heterogeneity is the response or participation rate. Methods We conducted a review of participation rates (PR) in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies collected by SeroTracker and examined their effect on the validity of study conclusions. PR was calculated as the count of participants for whom the investigators had collected a valid sample, divided by the number of people invited to participate in the study. A multivariable beta generalized linear model with logit link was fitted to determine if the PR of international household and community-based seroprevalence studies was associated with the factors of interest, from 1 December 2019 to 10 March 2021. Results We identified 90 papers based on screening and were able to calculate the PR for 35 out of 90 papers (39%), with a median PR of 70% and an interquartile range of 40.92; 61% of the studies did not report PR. Conclusions Many SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies do not report PR. It is unclear what the median PR rate would be had a larger portion not had limitations in reporting. Low participation rates indicate limited representativeness of results. Non-probabilistic sampling frames were associated with higher participation rates but may be less representative. Standardized definitions of participation rate and data reporting necessary for the PR calculations are essential for understanding the representativeness of seroprevalence estimates in the population of interest.

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2023
• Auteurs : Philippe SaléFrançois CherdoMarie-Denise DalayeunJoël MortreauGrégory PoitevinMichel BarretThomas BoucherJérôme BouillonSéverine BraguierFrancesca Di NapoliCaroline FontLaurent FournierAlix FourréPhilippe GardèreDenis GodignonMagalie GuéritEtienne JaffrotSylvia Jouanneau-BigotLaurent LangJérôme LivetBénédicte PradatBoris RobinGwenaël RoyCarole Vissac
• Organismes : Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Ecomusée du Véron Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Valence Archéologie et Archéométrie Laboratoire Archéologie et Territoires Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Tours Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie BioArchéologie, Interactions Sociétés Environnements Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] GeoArchEon SARL

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Résumé : L’opération archéologique des «Angellières» et des «Cent Planches» à Mer (Loir-et-Cher), a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet d’aménagement des «Portes de Chambord II». Elle fait suite à un diagnostic dirigé par François Cherdo (Cherdo, Poitevin 2009). Elle correspond à une vaste fouille de 5,6 ha, menée par l’Inrap du 11 juin 2018 au 01 février 2019. Deux cent trois objets lithiques ont été découverts dans le comblement des vestiges historiques ou dans les niveaux de décapage. Ils appartiennent à des phases diverses de la Préhistoire ou de la Protohistoire et témoignent de la fréquentation régulière de ce secteur ou de la proximité d’un site mieux établi. La première occupation réellement attestée est datée du premier âge du Fer (Hallstatt C2, -700 à -625 av. J.-C). Elle se matérialise par la présence de deux fosses à fonction indéterminée et deux silos. Des bâtiments peuvent se situer en dehors de l’emprise, à moins que leurs traces aient disparu disparu. Il faut attendre deux à trois siècles pour que de nouvelles installations apparaissent. À La Tène B (-375 à -275 av. J.-C.), différents vestiges sont localisés au sud et à l’ouest de l’emprise, en particulier des silos. À l’est de la zone 4, et en zone 1, ils sont disposés de manière éparse, mais au sud de la zone 4, ils forment une concentration notable, en agrafe. Le silo F4219 se démarque par la présence de six squelettes en fond de structure. Quelques fosses à la fonction incertaine sont également signalées et trois fours se succèdent au même endroit (F4150, F4151 et F4192). Leur comblement a livré des macro-restes liés au travail du fer et plus précisément à la réduction du minerai. Aucun bâtiment n’est clairement associé à ces vestiges : on suppose que l’habitat principal se situe vers l’autoroute A.10. Deux ou trois bâtiments sur poteaux plantés de La Tène D2 (-80 à -30 av. J.-C.) sont placés dans un modeste enclos. Un des trous de poteau a livré une monnaie carnute ou biturige. Doivent-ils être rattachés à l’exploitation agricole reconnue aux « Villiers », ou sont-ils à l’origine de l’occupation antique située plus au sud ? L’établissement antique situé au sud-ouest de l’emprise, a sans aucun doute une fonction agropastorale. L’occupation se décline en plusieurs phases. La première est attribuée du début au milieu du Ier s. apr. J.-C. Elle est ceinturée par un réseau fossoyé parcellaire de forme rectangulaire d’une surface de 6300 m² environ. Des fossés délimitent des espaces réduits, autour desquels sont aménagés des bâtiments sur poteau et des structures de stockage semi-excavées. Un chemin provenant de l’est permettrait d’accéder à l’habitat. Dans la seconde phase, vers le milieu du Ier s. ap. J.-C, l’enclos rectangulaire est conservé, mais les partitions internes disparaissent. Les bâtiments sur poteaux porteurs sont abandonnés au profit de fondations et de solins employant la pierre. Deux nouveaux bâtiments abritent ainsi des structures de stockage semi-excavées. À partir de la fin du Ier s. apr. J.-C., le bâti évolue encore. Les nouvelles constructions sont plus spacieuses qu’à la phase précédente et utilisent un plan très répandu dans toute la Gaule. De nouveaux espaces de circulation interne apparaissent. L’établissement rural conserve sa forme et sa fonctionnalité jusqu’au début du IIIe s. À partir de cette date, une partie des constructions s’effondre, sans que cela entraine la désertion immédiate du site. Les matériaux des constructions ne paraissent récupérés qu’au tout début du Ve s. Des indices d’une occupation mérovingienne ont été découverts, mais l’organisation précise du site est difficile à restituer. Elle semble cependant à l’origine du développement d’un village carolingien. Il se développe de part et d’autre d’un chemin orienté NO-SE, qui se divise, vers le centre du site, en deux embranchements. Un puits est creusé à ce carrefour. Perpendiculairement, des fossés mal conservés délimitent des parcelles. De nombreux bâtiments sont établis dans ces parcelles. Il s’agit en majorité de constructions à ossature en bois, sur poteaux plantés, qui peuvent être regroupés en moins d’une dizaine de types. Parmi les nombreuses fosses une grande partie correspond à des silos, implantés dans les bâtiments. Certains sont creusés dans les parois d’autres structures, ce qui peut évoquer des caches pour soustraire une partie des récoltes aux impôts. L’étude carpologique montre une production variée de céréales (blé, seigle, avoine, orge et engrain) et de légumineuses (lentilles, vesce, ers et gesse). Les restes fruitiers sont rares. L’étude archéozoologique montre l’élevage de bovins et de caprinés. Les restes de porcs sont peu nombreux. Des restes d’animaux de basse-cour sont attestés contrairement au gibier qui est totalement absent. Différentes fosses oblongues, pauvres en restes mobiliers, ont également été fouillées. Leur fonction, qui reste incertaine, est peut-être liée au stockage. D’autres fosses nombreuses sont attestées. Quelques sépultures placées non loin des bâtiments, représentent probablement une infime partie de la population. Les vestiges les plus récents sont datés du XIe s. Ils concernent notamment un cellier maçonné qui a brûlé. Peu de temps après l’incendie, la construction d’un souterrain refuge a été entamée, sans être achevée. Le site correspond à un village mais qui ne constitue probablement pas un chef-lieu de territoire. Nous supposons qu’il dépend plutôt d’un seigneur civil ou religieux. La fouille de ce site apporte des informations variées et intéressantes, pour chaque période et chaque thème abordés. Mais l’étude de l’ensemble des données acquises depuis plusieurs décennies sur le plateau nord de Mer, présente un intérêt encore plus grand, au regard de leur richesse et des surfaces explorées.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2023
• Auteurs : Thomas BoucherJean Marie LaruazDorothée Lusson
• Organismes : Ecomusée du Véron Service de l'archéologie du département d'Indre-et-Loire Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours]
• Publié dans Instrumentum : bulletin du groupe de travail européen sur l'artisanat et les productions manufacturées dans l'Antiquité le 29/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2023
• Auteurs : Jules Le LayVincent AugustoXavier BoucherAnne ThomasXiaolan XieLionel Perrier
• Organismes : Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon] Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes Auragen [Lyon] Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale MultiSites [Bron] Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon] Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne

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