Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 02/05/2010
• Auteurs : Laurent HussonJean-Pierre BrunPhilippe YamatoClaudio Faccenna
• Organismes : Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University

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Résumé : The burial-exhumation cycle of crustal material in subduction zones can either be driven by the buoyancy of the material, by the surrounding flow, or by both. High pressure ­ ultrahigh pressure rocks are chiefly exhumed where subduction zones display transient behaviors, which lead to contrasted flow regimes in the subduction mantle wedge. Subduction zones with stationary trenches (mode I) favor the burial of rock units, whereas slab rollback (mode II) moderately induces an upward flow that contributes to the exhumation, a regime that is reinforced when slab dip decreases (mode III). Episodic regimes of subduction that involve different lithospheric units successively activate all three modes and thus greatly favor the exhumation of rock units from mantle depth to the surface without need for fast and sustained erosion.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 02/05/2010
• Auteurs : Baptiste CecconiSébastien L. G. HessPhilippe ZarkaDonald BlankenshipL. BruzzoneDaniel Santos-CostaJean-Louis Bougeret
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Patricia ReantAmira ZarouiErwan DonalAude MignotPierre BordacharAntoine DeplagneAude SolnonPhilippe RitterJean-Claude DaubertJacques ClementyChristophe LeclercqRaymond RoudautGilbert HabibStephane Lafitte
• Organismes : Département de cardiologie Département de cardiologie Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires [Rennes] = Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery [Rennes] Département de cardiologie Département de cardiologie Département de cardiologie Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires [Rennes] = Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery [Rennes] Département de cardiologie Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires [Rennes] = Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery [Rennes] Département de cardiologie Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires [Rennes] = Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery [Rennes] Département de cardiologie Service de cardiologie Département de cardiologie
• Publié dans American Journal of Cardiology le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to induce a spectacular effect on left ventricular (LV) function in certain patients. Our aim was to analyze and characterize the super-responders (SRs) to CRT using echocardiography in 186 patients with a conventional indication according to the European Society Cardiology guidelines. The investigation took place before and 6 months after implantation. CRT-SRs were defined by an improvement of the New York Heart Association functional class and LV ejection fraction to > or = 50% in absolute values associated with a relative LV end-systolic volume reduction of > or = 15%. Of the 186 patients, 18 (9.7%) were identified as CRT-SRs and had a significantly lower prevalence of ischemic etiology (11%), lower LV dimensions, lower left atrial volume, and greater global longitudinal strain at baseline. Receiver operating characteristics curves identified global longitudinal strain as the strongest parameter for predicting CRT-SRs, with a cutoff value of -12% (area under the curve 0.87, sensitivity 71%, and specificity 85%, p <0.01). In conclusion, in the present retrospective study, only a left atrial volume <55 ml and global longitudinal strain < or = -12% were independent predictors of CRT-SRs.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Jean Pierre CambouVictor AboyansJ. ConstansPhilippe LacroixC. DentansA. Bura
• Organismes : Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges]
• Publié dans European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVES: To assess the current 'real-world' management of hospitalised patients with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (LE-PAD) and to assess the 1-year outcome. DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective and multicentre registry COhorte des Patients ARTériopathes (COPART) recruited consecutive patients from the departments of vascular medicine of three academic hospitals in Southwestern France. RESULTS: Among the 940 patients, 27.4% had intermittent claudication (IC), 9.3% ischaemic rest pain, 54.3% ulceration or gangrene and 9.3% acute limb ischaemia (ALI). Patients with IC were younger and more likely to be men, with a history of smoking (89.5%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17%). Among those with IC, 8.9% had bypass surgery and 41.5% were treated with percutaneous angioplasty. Those with tissue loss had higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and co-morbidities. At entry to the study, the level of control of the CVD risk factors was poor. The 1-year mortality rate was of 5.7% in patients with IC, 23.1% in patients with ischaemic rest pain, 28.7% in patients with tissue loss and 23% in those with ALI. Compliance with evidence-based medicine and pharmacological treatment was sub-optimal. CONCLUSION: This registry underscores the differences in patient profiles in the daily clinical setting, compared to those enrolled in several trials.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Yann H. KerrPhilippe WaldteufelFrançois CabotPhilippe RichaumeElsa JacquetteAhmad Al BitarAli MamhoodiSteven DelwartJean-Pierre Wigneron
• Organismes : Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère ESTER - LATMOS Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Array Systems Computing Inc. European Space Research and Technology Centre Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement

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Résumé : The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is ESA's (European Space Agency ) second Earth Explorer Opportunity mission, launched in November 2009. It is a joint programme between ESA CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) and CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial). SMOS carries a single payload, an L-band 2D interferometric radiometer in the 1400-1427 MHz protected band. This wavelength penetrates well through the atmosphere and hence the instrument probes the Earth surface emissivity. Surface emissivity can then be related to the moisture content in the first few centimeters of soil, and, after some surface roughness and temperature corrections, to the sea surface salinity over ocean. In order to prepare the data use and dissemination, the ground segment will produce level 1 and 2 data. Level 1 consists mainly of angular brightness temperatures while level 2 consists of geophysical products. In this context, a group of institutes prepared the soil moisture and ocean salinity Algorithm Theoretical Basis documents (ATBD) to be used to produce the operational algorithm. The principle of the soil moisture retrieval algorithm is based on an iterative approach which aims at minimizing a cost function given by the sum of the squared weighted differences between measured and modelled brightness temperature (TB) data, for a variety of incidence angles. This is achieved by finding the best suited set of the parameters which drive the direct TB model, e.g. soil moisture (SM) and vegetation characteristics. Despite the simplicity of this principle, the main reason for the complexity of the algorithm is that SMOS "pixels" can correspond to rather large, inhomogeneous surface areas whose contribution to the radiometric signal is difficult to model. Moreover, the exact description of pixels, given by a weighting function which expresses the directional pattern of the SMOS interferometric radiometer, depends on the incidence angle. The goal is to retrieve soil moisture over fairly large and thus inhomogeneous areas. The retrieval is carried out at nodes of a fixed Earth surface grid. To achieve this purpose, after checking input data quality and ingesting auxiliary data, the retrieval process per se can be initiated. This cannot be done blindly as the direct model will be dependent upon surface characteristics. It is thus necessary to first assess what is the dominant land use of a node. For this, an average weighing function (MEAN_WEF) which takes into account the "antenna"pattern is run over the high resolution land use map to assess the dominant cover type. This is used to drive the decision tree which, step by step, selects the type of model to be used as per surface conditions. All this being said and done the retrieval procedure starts if all the conditions are satisfied, ideally to retrieve 3 parameters over the dominant class (the so-called rich retrieval). If the algorithm does not converge satisfactorily, a new trial is made with less floating parameters ("poorer retrieval") until either results are satisfactory or the algorithm is considered to fail. The retrieval algorithm also delivers whenever possible a dielectric constant parameter (using the-so called cardioid approach). Finally, once the retrieval converged, it is possible to compute the brightness temperature at a given fixed angle (42.5°) using the selected forward models applied to the set of parameters obtained at the end of the retrieval process. So the output product of the level 2 soil moisture algorithm should be node position, soil moisture, dielectric constants, computed brightness temperature at 42.5°, flags and quality indices. During the presentation we will describe in more details the algorithm and accompanying work in particular decision tree principle and characteristics, the auxiliary data used and the special and "exotic"cases. We will also be more explicit on the algorithm validation and verification through the data collected during the commissioning phase. The main hurdle being working in spite of spurious signals (RFI) on some areas of the globe.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Jean-Claude DesportPierre JésusPhilippe CouratierPierre-Marie Preux
• Organismes : Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges] Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service de Neurologie [CHU Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée
• Publié dans NAFAS Nutrition le 10/12/2015

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Didier DuclouxCécile CourivaudJamal BamoulidBérengère VivetAline ChabrouxMarina DeschampsJean-Michel RebibouChristophe FerrandJean-Marc ChalopinPierre TiberghienPhilippe Saas
• Organismes : Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Service de néphrologie (CHU de Dijon) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon
• Publié dans Journal of the American Society of Nephrology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Prolonged CD4 T cell lymphopenia after administration of polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulins increases the rate of posttransplantation morbidity, but whether impaired immune reconstitution affects survival is unknown. We studied the effect of CD4 T cell lymphopenia on survival in 302 consecutive prevalent renal transplant recipients and the role of thymic function in CD4 T cell reconstitution and posttransplantation outcomes in 100 consecutive incident renal transplant recipients. We followed the prevalent cohort for a mean duration of 92 months. Of these 302 patients, 81 (27%) had persistent CD4 T cell counts <300/mm3 and 36 (12%) died during follow-up. We observed a higher death rate in patients with CD4 T cell lymphopenia persisting for >1 year (24.1 versus 7.6%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, in Cox regression analysis, CD4 T cell lymphopenia associated with a nearly five-fold risk for death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 4.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.91 to 10.65; P = 0.001). In the incident cohort, we estimated thymic function by T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) per 150,000 CD3+ cells, which predicted efficient CD4 T cell reconstitution. Higher pretransplantation TREC values associated with lower risks for cancer (adjusted HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.97; P = 0.046) and infection (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.78; P = 0.013). In summary, prolonged polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulin-induced CD4 T cell lymphopenia is an independent risk factor for death. Determination of pretransplantation thymic function may identify patients at higher risk for CD4 T cell lymphopenia and posttransplantation morbidity, including cancer and infections.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Xiaobin YinJacqueline BoutinIngo Meirold-MautnerJean-Luc VergelyPhilippe WaldteufelPaul Spurgeon
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences ESTER - LATMOS ARGANS Limited

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Résumé : The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite was successfully launched on 2nd November 2009. The first 6 months after launch is dedicated to the commissioning phase during which the ground segment processing chains are validated. SMOS is the first interferometric radiometer in orbit. In the first ground processing (Level 1) an image reconstruction algorithm is applied which yields measured brightness temperatures (TB). Preliminary studies have shown that this processing is critical and likely to introduce biases that affect subsequent processing. Therefore, a comparison of modeled to reconstructed TB is essential. Homogenous ocean surfaces far from land masses are ideal for this task as the TB variation with the satellite geometry (incidence angle) is relatively well known. In this presentation we will focus on the following analysis: 1. Extensive comparisons between SMOS Level 1c TB and forward model simulated TB using ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) forcings. Comparisons will be performed with one of the forward models implemented in the L2 ocean salinity processor (2-scale model, Dinnat et al. 2003). Statistics of the TB differences will be presented. They may be related to flaws in the level 1c Tb related to image reconstruction or to instrumental imperfections, in the ECMWF forcings, or in the forward model. In order to discriminate between these various sources of uncertainties, the statistics of the Tb differences will be analysed in various reference frame: - the antenna reference frame (director cosines) - the earth reference frame and the correlation of the differences with the geometry of the measurement (incidence angle, distance to the center of the swath, ascending or descending orbit…) and with respect to the auxiliary geophysical parameters (wind speed, sea surface temperature…) will be looked at. 2. The pseudo-dielectric parameter Acard (Waldteufel et al., 2004) is used to synthesize information contained in both the real and the imaginary parts of dielectric constant of medium, such as sea water. The principle for retrieving sea surface salinity (SSS) from radiometric measurements is that the dielectric constant of sea water depends on several physical parameters, including SSS and sea surface temperature (SST). Given the relation between dielectric constant and Acard, retrieving Acard with the whole direct model is in a way equivalent to retrieve dielectric constant, which represents the property of sea water more directly than SSS and SST. The consistency between Acard_retrieved and Acard_modeled will be another tool for testing and assessing the validity of SMOS measurements and retrieved parameters. The consistency between retrieved Acard (Acard_retrieved) and Acard from known values of dielectric constants (Acard_modeled) will be investigated using similar methods as the ones described in 1. Perspectives about the accuracy on sea surface salinity retrieved from SMOS measurements will be given based on the above comparisons and analysis.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Hugo PerfettiniJean‐philippe AvouacHernando TaveraAndrew KositskyJean-Mathieu NocquetFrancis BondouxMohamed ChliehAnthony SladenLaurence AudinDaniel L. FarberPierre Soler
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique IRD Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie Instituto Geofísico del Perú Tectonics Observatory Instituto Geofísico del Perú Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences Ashima Research Instituto Geofísico del Perú Géoazur Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique IRD Instituto Geofísico del Perú IRD Géoazur Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences IRD Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz] IRD
• Publié dans Nature le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Slip on a subduction megathrust can be seismic or aseismic, with the two modes of slip complementing each other in time and space to accommodate the long-term plate motions. Although slip is almost purely aseismic at depths greater than about 40km, heterogeneous surface strain suggests that both modes of slip occur at shallower depths, with aseismic slip resulting from steady or transient creep in the interseismic and postseismic periods. Thus, active faults seem to comprise areas that slip mostly during earthquakes, and areas that mostly slip aseismically. The size, location and frequency of earthquakes that a megathrust can generate thus depend on where and when aseismic creep is taking place, and what fraction of the long-term slip rate it accounts for. Here we address this issue by focusing on the central Peru megathrust. We show that the Pisco earthquake, with moment magnitude Mw = 8.0, ruptured two asperities within a patch that had remained locked in the interseismic period, and triggered aseismic frictional afterslip on two adjacent patches. The most prominent patch of afterslip coincides with the subducting Nazca ridge, an area also characterized by low interseismic coupling, which seems to have repeatedly acted as a barrier to seismic rupture propagation in the past. The seismogenic portion of the megathrust thus appears to be composed of interfingering rate-weakening and rate-strengthening patches. The rate-strengthening patches contribute to a high proportion of aseismic slip, and determine the extent and frequency of large interplate earthquakes. Aseismic slip accounts for as much as 50-70% of the slip budget on the seismogenic portion of the megathrust in central Peru, and the return period of earthquakes with Mw = 8.0 in the Pisco area is estimated to be 250years.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2010
• Auteurs : Rosine LallementEric QuémeraisJean-Loup BertauxPhilippe LamyWalter Schmidt
• Organismes : HELIOS - LATMOS HELIOS - LATMOS HELIOS - LATMOS Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille Finnish Meteorological Institute

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Résumé : We present an update of the SOHO/SWAN H Lyman-alpha data to cover the 1996-2009 time interval. A forward model applied to the intensity maps provides the latitude and time dependence of the interstellar H ionisation rate over more than a full solar cycle. This ionisation, being almost entirely due to charge-exchange with solar wind ions, reflects closely the solar wind flux. We show that the solar wind latitudinal structure during the present solar minimum is strikingly different from the previous minimum, with a much wider slow solar wind equatorial belt which persists until at least the end of 2008. After calibration of our 3D ionisation rates on OMNI in-ecliptic data, we compare the resulting solar wind fluxes with the synoptic LASCO/C2 electron densities at 6 Rs. The two time-latitude patterns are strikingly similar over all the cycle, high (resp. low) H ionisation and 6Rs coronal densities tracing the slow (resp. fast) solar wind. This is because the H ionisation reflects the solar wind flux and speed, while the coronal density reflects at which altitude occurs the acceleration. The comparison between the two minima of activity suggests that the high latitude fast wind accelerates at larger distance from the Sun surface during the current minimum compared to the previous one. This difference, potentially linked to the magnetic field decrease or(and) the coronal temperature decrease should be reproduced by solar wind expansion models.

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