Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 11/05/2009
• Auteurs : Corinne LeyvalChristophe BarnierThierry BeguiristainP. BaudaPhilippe BertinCoralie BiacheAurélie CébronPierre FaureJean-Francois MasfaraudCécile CaupertStéphanie OuvrardNoële EnjelvinMarie-Odile SimonnotPaule Vasseur
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Interactions Microorganismes-Minéraux-Matière Organique dans les sols Laboratoire Sols et Environnement Laboratoire des Interactions Microorganismes-Minéraux-Matière Organique dans les sols Université de Lorraine Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux Laboratoire des Interactions Microorganismes-Minéraux-Matière Organique dans les sols Géologie et gestion des ressources minérales et énergétiques Université de Lorraine Université de Lorraine Laboratoire Sols et Environnement Laboratoire Sols et Environnement Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique sur les Friches Industrielles Université de Lorraine Université de Lorraine

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Fichiers liés : leyval_2009_1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 11/05/2009
• Auteurs : Jean-Louis DurandThierry BariacYouri RothfussPatricia RichardPhilippe BironFrancois Gastal
• Organismes : Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères

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Résumé : Depending on root depth and the vertical distribution of water, the soil contributes to satisfy the transpiration demand of grass crops. Using soil humidity measurements repeated in time at different depth, the depth of water extraction (DWE) of a species can be measured in pure swards. However, that may be irrelevant in mixed swards because (i) roots of all species can be found in all horizons and (ii) the relationship between root density, soil humidity and water extraction is complex. To date, the use of natural abundance of (18)O is the only way to precisely compare the DWE of plants sharing the same ground. The work reported here describes the results obtained in a mixture of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea grown in dense sward and believed to exhibit various abilities to exploit soil resources. Pure stands were also analysed and compared to the mixed crop. The results showed that when the soil profile exhibited a monotonous gradient of natural (18)O abundance in water, the ranking of the DWE of three species was possible and explained the differences in plant water status observed in summer.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 11/05/2009
• Auteurs : Marc GhesquièrePhilippe BarreGilles BoutetIsabelle I. CameleyreSandrine S. FlajoulotJean-Baptiste J.-B. PierreCharles PoncetMichel M. RomestantKirsten K. VangsgaardJean-Paul Sampoux
• Organismes : Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes Station expérimentale La Litière Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales Labo/service de l'auteur Labo/service de l'auteur Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères

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Résumé : How much differentiated are forage and turf type cultivars within L. perenne? To estimate this, we used 10 SSR/STS markers for genotyping a collection of 7 natural populations, 50 forage and turf cultivars and 4 old cultivars of dual usage registered since 1965-2004. We showed that differentiation between usage types has steadily increased since the opening of a turf national list in France and that it has mostly involved 3 markers, among which 2 were mapped onto linkage group 1 in L. perenne. Relative to natural populations, assumed to sample genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass when breeding started, turf cultivars were found to be more distantly related than forage cultivars, especially those which were recently registered. However, genetic differentiation remained primarily between cultivars whatsoever type they were. Differentiation between cultivars has increased to be about twice higher on average than between natural populations, even of quite distant geographical origin. Loss of genetic variability after 40 years of breeding was found to be very low. All alleles present in natural populations were sampled again in the collection of cultivars we investigated. The results are briefly discussed in conclusion as respect to phenotypic differentiation and efficiency of breeding methods in the grasses.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 11/05/2009
• Auteurs : Bernadette JulierDoris HerrmannPhilippe BarreJean-Baptiste Pierre
• Organismes : Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères

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Résumé : The development of genomics tools and knowledge in model species can be used for genetic analyses in crop species. QTL detection in the model legume Medicago truncatula was carried out for flowering date and stem height, two traits related to aerial morphogenesis. A strong QTL was detected, and after a fine mapping step and bioanalysis of BAC sequences, six candidate genes were listed. One of these genes, Constans, was proved to be differentially expressed among two parental lines differing for flowering date. Constans was sequenced in a population of lucerne (Medicago sativa) genotypes that were phenotyped for flowering date and stem height. The low rate of polymorphism of Constans in lucerne shows that this gene is not neutral. Sequence polymorphism was associated to phenotypic variation. Constans is thus involved in flowering date and stem height genetic determinism.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 04/05/2009
• Auteurs : Petros D. KoumoutsakosGeorges-Henri CottetPhilippe Chatelain
• Organismes : Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory Equations aux Dérivées Partielles Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory

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Résumé : In this tutorial we present recent advances in flow simulations using particles with a focus on fostering an interdisciplinary scientific exchange between scientists from communities as diverse as CFD and Biology, Computer Graphics and Geophysics. The tutorial will describe advances in particle methods in a comparative, case study driven framework. In this framework we will address for example visual realism of liquid simulations as related to the accuracy of enforcing incompressibility constraints in Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Vortex Methods (VM). We will discuss the role of advantages and drawbacks for particle simulations when using remeshing, we will present techniques for the effective handling of fluids interacting with solids and free surfaces, we will discuss stochastic amd multiscale particle formulations.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 03/05/2009
• Auteurs : Aurélie Combey de LambertGilles ThuretPierre Loïc CornutAlain Marie BronMax MaurinCatherine Creuzot-GarcherFrancois VandeneschPhilippe DenisJean-Paul RomanetChristophe Chiquet
• Organismes : Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon) FLAveur, VIsion et Comportement du consommateur Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon) FLAveur, VIsion et Comportement du consommateur Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble]

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Résumé : Purpose: To analyze initial clinical factors of good visual outcome in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 4 University hospital (Dijon, Grenoble, Lyon, Saint-Etienne, FRIENDS group) on 100 patients with acute post-cataract endophthalmitis. Factors related to cataract surgery (complications), the initial presentation and the microbiological identification were analyzed according to the final visual outcome using univariate and multivariate analysis (SPSS 12.0). Results: 46% out of the patients had a final visual acuity less than or equal to 0.3 logMar (good visual outcome) at 6 months while 10% had light perceptions. Patients with good visual outcome differed from the patients with poor final visual acuity for the duration of cataract surgery (p=0.05), initial visual acuity (> LP, p=0.005), the visibility of fundus (p=0.04) and the identification of a coagulase negative Staphylococcus (p=0.05). On the other hand, patients with a poor visual outcome (> 0.3 LogMAR) were older (p=0.004), had more frequently cornea oedema (p=0.05) and a larger hypopion (p=0.01) at admission, more frequently complications at the time of cataract surgery (p=0.005), and a bacterium was more frequently identified (p=0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that age, complications at the time of cataract surgery and identification of bacteria were independent factors of visual prognosis. Conclusions: Factors of visual outcome in acute postcataract endophthalmitis identified in this prospective study (2004-2007) were similar to those reported by the EVS 15 years ago. Given the bias associated with the therapeutic strategy, pars plana vitrectomy is associated with predictive factors of poor visual outcome. Identificaton of these predictive factors at presentation should allow a better identification of patients needed an aggressive treatment.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2009
• Auteurs : Sarang S DalalSylvain BailletClaude AdamAntoine DucorpsDenis P SchwartzKarim JerbiOlivier BertrandLine GarneroJacques MartinerieJean-Philippe Lachaux
• Organismes : Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center
• Publié dans NeuroImage le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : The relationship between neural oscillations recorded at various spatial scales remains poorly understood partly due to an overall dearth of studies utilizing simultaneous measurements. In an effort to study quantitative markers of attention during reading, we performed simultaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings in four epileptic patients. Patients were asked to attend to a specific color when presented with an intermixed series of red words and green words, with words of a given color forming a cohesive story. We analyzed alpha, beta, and gamma band oscillatory responses to the word presentation and compared the strength and spatial organization of those responses in both electrophysiological recordings. Time-frequency analysis of iEEG revealed a network of clear attention-modulated high gamma band (50-150 Hz) power increases and alpha/beta (9-25 Hz) suppressions in response to the words. In addition to analyses at the sensor level, MEG time-frequency analysis was performed at the source level using a sliding window beamformer technique. Strong alpha/beta suppressions were observed in MEG reconstructions, in tandem with iEEG effects. While the MEG counterpart of high gamma band enhancement was difficult to interpret at the sensor level in two patients, MEG time-frequency source reconstruction revealed additional activation patterns in accordance with iEEG results. Importantly, iEEG allowed us to confirm that several sources of gamma band modulation observed with MEG were indeed of cortical origin rather than EMG muscular or ocular artifact.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2009
• Auteurs : Olivier LeroyJean-Pierre GangneuxPhilippe MontraversJean-Paul MiraFrançois GouinJean-Pierre SolletJean CarletJacques ReynesMichel RosenheimBernard RegnierOlivier LortholaryNon Renseigné
• Organismes : Service de Réanimation Médicale et des Maladies Infectieuses Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques Régulations des équilibres fonctionnels du foie normal et pathologique Département anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale Institut Cochin Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital service de réanimation polyvalente Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker] Mycologie moléculaire
• Publié dans Critical Care Medicine le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolving epidemiology, management, and risk factors for death of invasive Candida infections in intensive care units (ICUs). DESIGN: Prospective, observational, national, multicenter study. SETTING: One hundred eighty ICUs in France. PATIENTS: Between October 2005 and May 2006, 300 adult patients with proven invasive Candida infection who received systemic antifungal therapy were included. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred seven patients (39.5%) with isolated candidemia, 87 (32.1%) with invasive candidiasis without documented candidemia, and 77 (28.4%) with invasive candidiasis and candidemia were eligible. In 37% of the cases, candidemia occurred within the first 5 days after ICU admission. C. albicans accounted for 57.0% of the isolates, followed by C. glabrata (16.7%), C. parapsilosis (7.5%), C. krusei (5.2%), and C. tropicalis (4.9%). In 17.1% of the isolates, the causative Candida was less susceptible or resistant to fluconazole. Fluconazole was the empirical treatment most commonly introduced (65.7%), followed by caspofungin (18.1%), voriconazole (5.5%), and amphotericin B (3.7%). After identification of the causative species and susceptibility testing results, treatment was modified in 86 patients (31.7%). The case fatality ratio in ICU was 45.9% and did not differ significantly according to the type of episode. Multivariate analysis showed that factors independently associated with death in ICU were type 1 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 4.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72-11.79; p = 0.002), immunosuppression (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.35-5.11; p = 0.0045), mechanical ventilation (OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.33-4.82; p = 0.0045), and body temperature >38.2 degrees C (reference, 36.5-38.2 degrees C; OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.17-0.77; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: More than two thirds of patients with invasive candidiasis in ICU present with candidemia. Non-albicans Candida species reach almost half of the Candida isolates. Reduced susceptibility to fluconazole is observed in 17.1% of Candida isolates. Mortality of invasive candidiasis in ICU remains high.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2009
• Auteurs : Pierre MahéJean-Philippe Vert
• Organismes : Xerox Research Centre Europe [Meylan] Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe Centre de Bioinformatique
• Publié dans Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Support vector machines and kernel methods have recently gained considerable attention in chemoinformatics. They offer generally good performance for problems of supervised classification or regression, and provide a flexible and computationally efficient framework to include relevant information and prior knowledge about the data and problems to be handled. In particular, with kernel methods molecules do not need to be represented and stored explicitly as vectors or fingerprints, but only to be compared to each other through a comparison function technically called a kernel. While classical kernels can be used to compare vector or fingerprint representations of molecules, completely new kernels were developed in the recent years to directly compare the 2D or 3D structures of molecules, without the need for an explicit vectorization step through the extraction of molecular descriptors. While still in their infancy, these approaches have already demonstrated their relevance on several toxicity prediction and structure-activity relationship problems.

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Fichiers liés : surveySVMvirtualscreening.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2009
• Auteurs : Mathilde BenhamouNathalie RinchevalCarine RoyViolaine FoltzSylvie RozenbergJean SibiliaThierry SchaeverbekePierre BourgeoisPhilippe H. RavaudBruno Fautrel
• Organismes : CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Centre de coordination Département d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et recherche clinique CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Physiopathologie des arthrites Service de rhumatologie CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Département d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et recherche clinique CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
• Publié dans Journal of Rheumatology le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVE: To compare rheumatologists' prescription for first disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real-life settings with 2 clinical practice guidelines (CPG), the French Society of Rheumatology/STPR 2004 and EULAR/ESCISIT 2007, and thus assess the gap between practices and guidelines. Method. ESPOIR was a French multicenter cohort study of 813 patients with early arthritis between 2002 and 2005. "Definite" and "probable" RA were defined according to ACR criteria and the level of diagnostic certainty. The objectives were to assess conformity between the observed first-line DMARD prescribed for those patients and the DMARD recommended in the guidelines; and to conduct a mail survey of patients' usual rheumatologists to investigate the reasons for their nonconformity with guidelines. RESULTS: In total 627 patients with definite or probable RA were identified. Conformity rates were 58% for STPR guidelines and 54% for EULAR guidelines. At 6 months, 83 (34%) patients with early RA did not receive any DMARD. Main determinants associated with conformity to guidelines were disease activity and presence of severity-predictive factors. The main reason leading to a discrepancy between guidelines and daily practice appeared to be diagnostic uncertainty, i.e., the difficulty to reliably assess RA diagnosis as early as the first visits to the rheumatologist. CONCLUSION: There is a substantial gap between CPG and rheumatologists' daily practice concerning the first DMARD to prescribe in early RA. This is explained mainly by diagnostic uncertainty. More attention should be paid in future guidelines to the diagnostic difficulties of early RA.

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Fichiers liés : inserm-00380632_edited.pdf 081024-article_ESPOIR.pdf

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