Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : C. SarratJoël NoilhanPierre LacarrerePhilippe CiaisHan DolmanJan A. ElbersChristoph GerbigBenjamino GioliThomas LauvauxFranco MigliettaBruno NeiningerMichel RamonetOlaf VellingaJean-Marc J.-M. Bonnefond
• Organismes : Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-ATC Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche MetAir AG Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-RAMCES National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
• Publié dans Biogeosciences le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : This paper describes a numerical interpretation of the April 2007, CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) campaign, devoted to the study of the CO2 cycle at the regional scale. Four consecutive clear sky days with intensive observations of CO2 concentration, fluxes at the surface and in the boundary layer have been simulated with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, coupled to ISBA-A-gs land surface model. The main result of this paper is to show how aircraft observations of CO2 concentration have been used to identify surface model errors and to calibrate the CO2 driving component of the surface model. In fact, the comparisons between modelled and observed CO2 concentrations within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) allow to calibrate and correct not only the parameterization of respired CO2 fluxes by the ecosystem but also the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the dominating land cover. After this calibration, the paper describes systematic comparisons of the model outputs with numerous data collected during the CERES campaign, in April 2007. For instance, the originality of this paper is the spatial integration of the comparisons. In fact, the aircraft observations of CO2 concentration and fluxes and energy fluxes are used for the model validation from the local to the regional scale. As a conclusion, the CO2 budgeting approach from the mesoscale model shows that the winter croplands are assimilating more CO2 than the pine forest, at this stage of the year and this case study.

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Fichiers liés : 2009_Sarrat_Biogeosciences_1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Dina AggadMartine MazelPierre BoudinotKnud Erik MogensenOle Jensen HammingRune HartmannSergei KotenkoPhilippe HerbomelGeorges LutfallaJean-Pierre Levraud
• Organismes : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques Aarhus University [Aarhus] Aarhus University [Aarhus] University of Medecine and Dentistry of New Jersey Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité
• Publié dans Journal of Immunology le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : Because the availability of fish genomic data, the number of reported sequences for fish type II helical cytokines is rapidly growing, featuring different IFNs including virus-induced IFNs (IFN_) and IFN-_, and IL-10 with its related cytokines (IL-20, IL-22, and IL-26). Many candidate receptors exist for these cytokines and various authors have postulated which receptor chain would be involved in which functional receptor in fish. To date, only the receptor for zebrafish IFN_1 has been identified functionally. Three genes encoding virus-induced IFN_s have been reported in zebrafish. In addition to these genes clustered on chromosome 3, we have identified a fourth IFN_ gene on chromosome 12. All these genes possess the intron-exon organization of mammalian _ IFNs. In the zebrafish larva, all induce the expression of reporter antiviral genes; protection in a viral challenge assay was observed for IFN_1 and IFN_2. Using a combination of gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we also show that all zebrafish IFN_s do not bind to the same receptor. Two subgroups of fish virus-induced IFNs have been defined based on conserved cysteines, and we find that this subdivision correlates with receptor usage. Both receptor complexes include a common short chain receptor (CRFB5) and a specific long chain receptor (CRFB1 or CRFB2).

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Usama ZaherPierre BuffièreJean-Philippe SteyerShulin Chen
• Organismes : Department of Biological Systems Engineering Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] Department of Biological Systems Engineering
• Publié dans Water environment research le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : In waste materials, proximate analysis measuring the total concentration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents from solid wastes is challenging, as a result of the heterogeneous and solid nature of wastes. This paper presents a new procedure that was developed to estimate such complex chemical composition of the waste using conventional practical measurements, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon. The procedure is based on mass balance of macronutrient elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus [CHNOP]) (i.e., elemental continuity), in addition to the balance of COD and charge intensity that are applied in mathematical modeling of biological processes. Knowing the composition of such a complex substrate is crucial to study solid waste anaerobic degradation. The procedure was formulated to generate the detailed input required for the International Water Association (London, United Kingdom) Anaerobic Digestion Model number 1 (IWA-ADM1). The complex particulate composition estimated by the procedure was validated with several types of food wastes and animal manures. To make proximate analysis feasible for validation, the wastes were classified into 19 types to allow accurate extraction and proximate analysis. The estimated carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and inerts concentrations were highly correlated to the proximate analysis; correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.88, 0.99, and 0.96, respectively. For most of the wastes, carbohydrate was the highest fraction and was estimated accurately by the procedure over an extended range with high linearity. For wastes that are rich in protein and fiber, the procedure was even more consistent compared with the proximate analysis. The new procedure can be used for waste characterization in solid waste treatment design and optimization.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Christophe LengletEmmanuel PradosJean-Philippe PonsRachid DericheOlivier C Faugeras
• Organismes : Siemens Corporate Research Interpretation and Modelling of Images and Videos imagine [Marne-la-Vallée] Computer and biological vision Computer and biological vision
• Publié dans SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences le 14/12/2016

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Résumé : We introduce an original approach for the cerebral white matter connectivity mapping from Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Our method relies on a global modeling of the acquired Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) volume as a Riemannian manifold whose metric directly derives from the diffusion tensor. These tensors will be used to measure physical three-dimensional distances between different locations of a brain diffusion tensor image. The key concept is the notion of geodesic distance that will allow us to find the optimal paths in the white matter, approximating neural fiber bundles. The geodesic distance function can be seen as the solution of two theoretically equivalent but, in practice, signicantly different problems in the Partial Differential Equation framework: An initial value problem which is is intrinsically dynamic, and a boundary value problem which is, on the contrary, intrinsically stationary. The two approaches have very different properties which make them more or less adequate for our problem and more or less computationally efficient. The dynamic formulation is quite easy to implement but has several practical drawbacks. On the contrary, the stationary formulation is much more tedious to implement, however we will show that it has many virtue which make it more suitable for our connectivity mapping problem. Finally, we will present different possible measures of connectivity, reflecting the degree of connectivity between different regions of the brain. We will illustrate these notions on synthetic and real DTI datasets.

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Fichiers liés : Lenglet-etal-SIIMS-2009_preprint.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Philippe LaurençotBenoît Perthame
• Organismes : Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions
• Publié dans Communications in Mathematical Sciences le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : We consider the linear growth-fragmentation equation arising in the modelling of cell division or polymerisation processes. For constant coefficients, we prove that the dynamics converges to the steady state with an exponential rate. The control on the initial data uses an elaborate L¹ -norm that seems to be necessary. It also reflects the main idea of the proof which is to use an anti-derivative of the solution. The main technical difficulty is related to the entropy dissipation rate which is too weak to produce a Poincaré inequality.

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Fichiers liés : R09003.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Jean-François LénatPierre BoivinCatherine DenielP.Y. GillotPatrick BachèleryP. CochonatB. CornagliaPhilippe LabazuyE. Le DrezenP.W. LipmanG. OllierB. SavoyePierre VincentM. Voisset
• Organismes : Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Unité Géosciences Marines Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Unité Géosciences Marines United States Geological Survey [Reston] Unité Géosciences Marines Unité Géosciences Marines Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Unité Géosciences Marines
• Publié dans Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research le 27/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Gilbert ToussaintPierre Morand-FehrJosé-Maria Castel GenisJean-Philippe ChoisisMouad ChentoufYolanda MenaFilipe PachecoFransisco.A. Ruiz
• Organismes : ECOCNAM Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural Unité de recherche sur les productions animales Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville Direcção Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Norte Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville

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Résumé : Cet article rapporte le travail effectué depuis 1994 par le groupe d’experts du sous-réseau FAO-CIHEAM sur les systèmes de production ovine et caprine, concernant la méthodologie d’évaluation de ces systèmes. L’objectif de ce travail était de mettre au point une méthodologie pour analyser, évaluer et comparer les systèmes de production ovine et caprine, et ainsi pour répondre aux besoins des éleveurs et des agents de développement dans les domaines du diagnostic, du conseil et de l’aide à la décision. La méthode repose sur l’estimation d’un ensemble d’indicateurs directement mesurés, ou d’indicateurs calculés à partir d’autres indicateurs concernant l’exploitation agricole dans son ensemble ou l’atelier ovin ou caprin exclusivement. Les indicateurs sont choisis après validation du groupe d’experts. L’article décrit comment dans certains cas, les difficultés sur le choix d’un ou plusieurs indicateurs ont été résolues. Au total, 196 indicateurs sont décrits dans les tableaux de 1 à 8 avec des conseils sur les conditions de calcul, la signification et l’interprétation de chaque indicateur. Cette méthode repose sur le travail d’enquête des agents de développement qui peuvent être aidés par les éleveurs au niveau de l’enregistrement des données. Les différentes approches pour interpréter les résultats en fonction des objectifs de l’étude sont passées en revue, en particulier l’interprétation par des "blocs diagnostics" et l’identification des points forts ou faibles de chaque système. La restitution des résultats aux éleveurs est considérée comme une phase essentielle de la méthode. La méthode a été appliquée dans des conditions différentes en Andalousie, en Roumanie, au Portugal et au Nord du Maroc pour validation ; ce qui a permis d’améliorer certains points de la méthode afin qu’elle puisse être appliquée de façon plus large

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Fichiers liés : 2009_Toussaint-etal.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Daniel K. SchneiderK. BenetosJean-Philippe PerninValérie Emin
• Organismes : Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain

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Résumé : no abstract

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Christelle MariaisFlorence MichauJean-Philippe Pernin
• Organismes : Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain

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Résumé : no abstract

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe LabatStéphane GaspariniLaure MousseauLouis PrieurMarc BoutoutePatrick Mayzaud
• Organismes : Océanographie Biologique et Écologie du Plancton Marin Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche
• Publié dans Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : We examined the mesoscale distribution of zooplankton populations using a continuous recording system: the optical plankton counter (OPC). Data were collected in the mid-latitude northeast Atlantic inter-gyre region in April and September 2001 during the POMME 2 and POMME 3 cruises. This sector of the North Atlantic system is characterized by subduction phenomena and mesoscale eddies. Estimated mean biomass was 2.88 DW g m(-2) in April and 1.64DW g m(-2) in September with populations dominated by small copepods of the genera, Clausocalanus, Paracalanus and Oithona. Day-night changes in vertical distribution appeared to be seasonally variable. During April, absolute concentrations within the upper layer above 50 m were higher at night. During September, vertical profiles of relative biomass were quite similar for day and night. Highest depth-integrated biomasses were located mainly on the periphery of anticyclonic eddies, with maxima related to the increase in depth range of vertical distribution. This pattern suggested that maximum biomass was associated with the most dynamic parts of the frontal features. Other zones of high zooplankton biomass were associated with the centers of cyclonic eddies and high fluorescence values. Using a 3D view, we found that zooplankton distribution showed a more complex pattern than in a 2D view with variable vertical distribution. Hence, proper description of the distribution of zooplankton underlines the need to describe this submesoscale with an order of magnitude around 10 nautical miles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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