Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 17/12/2008
• Auteurs : Philippe ThomasCyril Hazif-ThomasV. DelagnesP. BonduelleJean-Pierre Clément
• Organismes : Service de Psychiatrie [CHU Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Centre de Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches [Limoges]
• Publié dans L'Encéphale le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Caregivers of demented outpatients can suffer from poor health, are often anguished and unable to cope with the cared patient, and this burden can generate frailty. OBJECTIVES: This survey attempted to determine the psychological parameters and effective capability influence of the caregiver's Quality of Life (QoL) and vulnerability, and measured the consequences of their alteration. METHODS: 4 categories of situations were studied, according to the angst and coping capability of caregivers. Caregiver's QoL and vulnerability were assessed in these situations. Data were related to the socio-demographic data of both patients and their principal caregivers, and to the patients' medical and therapeutic data. RESULTS: 1,410 and 10 patients diagnosed with dementia who lived at home with their principal caregivers were recruited for this survey. Angst and inability to cope with patients alter caregivers' QoL and was correlated to their vulnerability. Female caregivers were often in these situations, had a poorer QoL and were more vulnerable than men. Caregivers anguished and/or nab to cope with the cared patient were less satisfied with their own care and did not enjoy their relationships with their patients. Caregivers with psychological difficulties and failure to cope had to deal with nutritional difficulties with the demented patient. DISCUSSION: Caregivers' QoL and vulnerability, are related to angst and inability to cope with patients. We could imagine that both patients and caregivers would benefit by taking care of carers.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 15/12/2008
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre HamardPhilippe Ballon
• Organismes : Écosystèmes forestiers Écosystèmes forestiers

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Résumé : Suite aux augmentations importantes des populations de cervidés (cerfs et chevreuils) dans le massif du Cosson depuis les années 1970, le Cemagref a été amené à faire un état des lieux des conséquences de la présence de ces populations sur le milieu forestier. L'étude conduite en 2005/2006, financée par le programme Leader+ Grande Sologne et la DRAF Centre, a permis d'évaluer l'impact de ces populations sur le renouvellement des taillis et des taillis sous futaie. Après coupe des taillis, les nouvelles pousses (rejets) s'avèrent très sensibles à la consommation par les grands ongulés. Ce massif forestier, entièrement privé, couvre une surface de 32 000 ha. Compte tenu des difficultés à obtenir des informations précises auprès des propriétaires, nous avons eu recours à l'analyse de photographies aériennes. Cette approche nous a permis d'identifier les parcelles passées en coupe, d'estimer l'âge présumé des exploitations et de mesurer l'évolution des peuplements. A partir de clichés réalisés en 1979, 1991 et 2001, la photo-interprétation a ainsi permis d'effectuer l'inventaire exhaustif de plus de 1 500 peuplements et d'estimer a posteriori leur capacité à se régénérer. Lors de la phase de photo-interprétation, chacune des parcelles retenues a été identifiée par un certain nombre de paramètres (numéro d'ordre, localisation géographique, période de coupe, surface, état initial du peuplement, état actuel, appartenance à un plan simple de gestion, ). Tous ces éléments ont été reportés dans une base de données de type Access associée à un système d'information géographique.L'architecture de cette approche est décrite et illustrée par quelques représentations cartographiques.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 10/12/2008
• Auteurs : H. MauryJean-Michel AndréKarine Le GuenN. MahneAngela GigliaS. NannaroneFrançoise BridouFranck DelmottePhilippe Jonnard
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement
• Publié dans Surface Science : A Journal Devoted to the Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : A set of Mo/Si periodic multilayers is studied by non destructive analysis methods. The thickness of the Si layers is 5 nm while the thickness of the Mo layers changes from one multilayer to another, from 2 to 4 nm. This enables us to probe the effect of the transition between the amorphous to crystalline state of the Mo layers near the interfaces with Si on the optical performances of the multilayers. This transition results in the variation of the refractive index (density variation) of the Mo layers, as observed by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) at a wavelength of 0.154 nm. Combining x-ray emission spectroscopy and XRR, the parameters (composition, thickness and roughness) of the interfacial layers formed by the interaction between the Mo and Si layers are determined. However, these parameters do not evolve significantly as a function of the Mo thickness. It is observed by diffuse scattering at 1.33 nm that the lateral correlation length of the roughness strongly decreases when the Mo thickness goes from 2 to 3 nm. This is due to the development of Mo crystallites parallel to the multilayer surface.

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Fichiers liés : MoSi.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 09/12/2008
• Auteurs : Mehdi MerouaniBruno GuignardFrançois VincentStephen BorronPhilippe KaroubiJean-Philippe FosseYves CohenChristophe Clec'HÉric VicautCarole Marbeuf-GueyeFrederic LapostolleFrederic Adnet
• Organismes : Samu 93 Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Department of Surgery (Emergency Medicine) Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble Unité de Recherche Clinique Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire Cellulaire et Tissulaire Samu 93 Samu 93
• Publié dans American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The rate of weaning of vasopressors drugs is usually an empirical choice made by the treating in critically ill patients. We applied fuzzy logic principles to modify intravenous norepinephrine (noradrenaline) infusion rates during norepinephrine infusion in septic patients in order to reduce the duration of shock. METHODS: Septic patients were randomly assigned to norepinephrine infused either at the clinician's discretion (control group) or under closed-loop control based on fuzzy logic (fuzzy group). The infusion rate changed automatically after analysis of mean arterial pressure in the fuzzy group. The primary end-point was time to cessation of norepinephrine. The secondary end-points were 28-day survival, total amount of norepinephine infused and duration of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were randomly assigned to fuzzy group and 20 to control group. Weaning of norepinephrine was achieved in 18 of the 20 control patients and in all 19 fuzzy group patients. Median (interquartile range) duration of shock was significantly shorter in the fuzzy group than in the control group (28.5 [20.5 to 42] hours versus 57.5 [43.7 to 117.5] hours; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in duration of mechanical ventilation or survival at 28 days between the two groups. The median (interquartile range) total amount of norepinephrine infused during shock was significantly lower in the fuzzy group than in the control group (0.6 [0.2 to 1.0] mug/kg versus 1.4 [0.6 to 2.7] mug/kg; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown a reduction in norepinephrine weaning duration in septic patients enrolled in the fuzzy group. We attribute this reduction to fuzzy control of norepinephrine infusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00763906.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 03/12/2008
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe Karr
• Organismes : Laboratoire Kastler Brossel

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Résumé : Je présente dans une première partie mes travaux de recherche sur les microcavités semi-conductrices en régime de couplage fort exciton-photon. Les modes propres dans ces systèmes sont des états mixtes exciton-photon appelés polaritons de cavité, qui présentent de fortes non-linéarités optiques provenant de l'interaction exciton-exciton. Je présente plusieurs applications de ces dispositifs dans les domaines de l'optique quantique (compression du bruit quantique, génération de faisceaux corrélés) des communications optiques et de l'opto-électronique de spin. J'aborde dans la deuxième partie mes activités théorique et expérimentale autour de la spectroscopie de l'ion H2+. Le but de l'expérience, qui a débuté en 2003 à l'université d'Evry, est de mesurer la fréquence d'une transition vibrationnelle à deux photons sans effet Doppler, et de la comparer à des prédictions théoriques précises pour en déduire une nouvelle détermination du rapport mp/me. Je décris les progrès des calculs de haute précision sur l'ion H2+ (niveaux d'énergie non relativistes, structure hyperfine), ainsi que le dispositif expérimental mis en place et les perspectives de l'expérience.

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Fichiers liés : HDR-Karr.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 02/12/2008
• Auteurs : Emmanuelle RenardChristos E ChadjichristosMagdalini KypriotouGallic BeauchefPascal BordatAnne DompmartinRussell WidomKarim BoumédieneJean-Pierre PujolPhilippe Galéra
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie IFR146 Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie IFR146 CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif IFR146 CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif IFR146 Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre Service de Dermatologie [CHU Caen] Boston University School of Medicine CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif IFR146 CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif IFR146 CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif IFR146
• Publié dans Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Despite several investigations, the transcriptional mechanisms which regulate the expression of both type I collagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) in either physiological or pathological situations, such as scleroderma, are not completely known. In this study, we determined the effects of both native ichtyan chondroïtin sulphate (CS) and its derived hydrolytic fragments (CSf) on human normal (NF) and scleroderma (SF) fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that CS and CSf exert an inhibitory effect on type I collagen protein synthesis and decrease the corresponding mRNA steady-state levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in NF and SF. These glycosaminoglycan molecules repress COL1A1 gene transcription through a -112/-61 bp sequence upstream the start site of transcription and imply hc-Krox and Sp1 transcription factors. In addition, CS and CSf induced a down-regulation of TbetaRI expression. As a conclusion, our findings highlight a possible new role for CS and CSf as anti-fibrotic molecules and could help in elucidating the mechanisms of action by which CS and CSf exert their inhibitory effect on type I collagen synthesis.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2008
• Auteurs : Patricia FrancoJosé GroswasserSonia ScailletJean-Pol LanquartAbraham BenatarJean-Pierre SastrePhilippe ChevalierBéatrice Beatrice.Kugener@chu-Lyon1.Fr KugenerAndré KahnJian‐sheng Lin
• Organismes : Physiologie integrée du système d'éveil Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique Pediatric Sleep Unit Pediatric Sleep Unit Sleep Unit Pediatric Cardiology Physiologie integrée du système d'éveil Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique Department of Cardiology Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Physiologie integrée du système d'éveil Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique Pediatric Sleep Unit Physiologie integrée du système d'éveil Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique
• Publié dans Sleep le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Previous data have suggested that a prolonged QTc interval during the first days of life can be associated with some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Analysis of heart rate variability during sleep in future SIDS victims has shown findings compatible with an imbalance in autonomic tone. We hypothesized that some future SIDS infants could have longer QTc intervals during sleep, compared with healthy control infants, and that this difference would correlate with the autonomic imbalance already found in these infants. METHODS: QTc intervals and a heart rate autoregressive power spectral analysis were calculated during the same periods in the polysomnographic sleep recordings of 18 infants who eventually died of SIDS and of 18 control infants. The control infants were matched for sex, gestational age, postnatal age, birth weight, and sleep position. The median postnatal age was 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with control infants, future SIDS victims were characterized by having longer QTc intervals during total sleep (P = 0.019), rapid eye movement sleep (P = 0.045) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (P = 0.029). When the night was divided into 3 equal parts, this difference was always present but was most marked during the last part of the night. There was, respectively, a negative and a positive correlation between parasympathetic activity and sympathovagal balance and median and maximum QTc interval values. CONCLUSION: Compared with QTc intervals in matched control infants, QTc intervals were increased in future SIDS victims. Such a prolongation could be related to the autonomic dysfunction already reported in these patients.

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Fichiers liés : QTSLEEPnewcopy3.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2008
• Auteurs : Martine EckertMitsuhiro HayashibeDavid GuiraudPierre-Brice WieberPhilippe Fraisse
• Organismes : IMERIR Artificial movement and gait restoration Artificial movement and gait restoration Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier Modelling, Simulation, Control and Optimization of Non-Smooth Dynamical Systems Artificial movement and gait restoration

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Résumé : Mathematical models of the skeletal muscle can support the development of neu-roprotheses to restore functional movements in individuals with motor deficien-cies by the means of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). Since many years, numerous skeletal muscle models have been proposed to express the relationship between muscle activation and generated force. One of them (Makssoud et al [2]-[3]), integrates the Hill model [5] and the physiological one based on Huxley work [4] allowing the muscle activation under FES. We propose in this paper an impro-vement of this model by modifying the activation part. These improvements are highlighted through the HuMAnS toolbox [1] using a 3D biomechanical model of human named Human 36. This article describes this toolbox and the software implementation of the model. Then, we present the results of the simulation.

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Fichiers liés : Summary.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2008
• Auteurs : Jean-Marc BarretAnna KruczynskiStéphane VispéJean-Philippe AnnereauViviane BrelYves GuminskiJean-Guy DelcrosAmélie LansiauxNicolas GuilbaudThierry ImbertChristian Bailly
• Organismes : Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale Division de Chimie Médicinale III Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale Division de Chimie Médicinale III Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale
• Publié dans Cancer Research le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : The polyamine transport system (PTS) is an energy-dependent machinery frequently overactivated in cancer cells with a high demand for polyamines. We have exploited the PTS to selectively deliver a polyamine-containing drug to cancer cells. F14512 combines an epipodophyllotoxin core-targeting topoisomerase II with a spermine moiety introduced as a cell delivery vector. The polyamine tail supports three complementary functions: (a) facilitate formulation of a water-soluble compound, (b) increase DNA binding to reinforce topoisomerase II inhibition, and (c) facilitate selective uptake by tumor cells via the PTS. F14512 is 73-fold more cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells compared with CHO-MG cells with a reduced PTS activity. A decreased sensitivity of L1210 leukemia cells to F14512 was observed in the presence of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. In parallel, the spermine moiety considerably enhances the drug-DNA interaction, leading to a reinforced inhibition of topoisomerase II. The spermine tail of F14512 serves as a cell delivery vehicle as well as a DNA anchor, and this property translates at the cellular level into a distinct pharmacologic profile. Twenty-nine human solid or hematologic cell lines were used to characterize the high cytotoxic potential of F14512 (median IC50 of 0.18 micromol/L). Finally, the potent antitumor activity of F14512 in vivo was evidenced with a MX1 human breast tumor xenograft model, with partial and complete tumor regressions. This work supports the clinical development of F14512 as a novel targeted cytotoxic drug and sheds light on the concept of selective delivery of drugs to tumor cells expressing the PTS.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2008
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe TarelSio Song IengPierre Charbonnier
• Organismes : Division Exploitation-Signalisation-Éclairage Division Exploitation-Signalisation-Éclairage Centre d'études techniques de l'équipement Est
• Publié dans Advances in Data Analysis and Classification le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : We consider the problem of multiple fitting of linearly parametrized curves, that arises in many computer vision problems such as road scene analysis. Data extracted from images usually contain non-Gaussian noise and outliers, which makes classical estimation methods ineffective. In this paper, we first introduce a family of robust probability density functions which appears to be well-suited to many real-world problems. Also, such noise models are suitable for defining continuation heuristics to escape shallow local minima and their robustness is devised in terms of breakdown point. Second, the usual Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) robust estimator is extended to the problem of robustly estimating sets of linearly parametrized curves. The resulting, non convex optimization problem is tackled within a Lagrangian approach, leading to the so-called Simultaneous Robust Multiple Fitting (SRMF) algorithm, whose global convergence to a local minimum is proved using results from constrained optimization theory.

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