Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Julien CharreauYan ChenStuart A. GilderLaurie BarrierStéphane DominguezRomain AugierŞevket ŞenJean‐philippe AvouacAudrey GallaudQingchen WangFabien Graveleau
• Organismes : Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Géosciences Montpellier Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] Géosciences Montpellier
• Publié dans Tectonics le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : The Tian Shan Mountains constitute central Asia's longest and highest mountain range. Understanding their Cenozoic uplift history thus bears on mountain building processes in general, and on how deformation has occurred under the influence of the India-Asia collision in particular. In order to help decipher the uplift history of the Tian Shan, we collected 970 samples for magnetostratigraphic analysis along a 4571-m-thick section at the Jingou River (Xinjiang Province, China). Stepwise alternating field and thermal demagnetization isolate a linear magnetization component that is interpreted as primary. From this component, a magnetostratigraphic column composed of 67 polarity chrons are correlated with the reference geomagnetic polarity timescale between ~1 Ma and ~23.6 Ma, with some uncertainty below ~21 Ma. This correlation places precise temporal control on the Neogene stratigraphy of the southern Junggar Basin and provides evidence for two significant stepwise increases in sediment accumulation rate at ~16–15 Ma and ~11–10 Ma. Rock magnetic parameters also undergo important changes at ~16–15 Ma and ~11–10 Ma that correlate with changes in sedimentary depositional environments. Together with previous work, we conclude that growth history of the modern Tian Shan Mountains includes two pulses of uplift and erosion at ~16–15 Ma and ~11–10 Ma. Middle to upper Tertiary rocks around the Tian Shan record very young (<~5 Ma) counterclockwise paleomagnetic rotations, on the order of 15° to 20°, which are interpreted as because of strain partitioning with a component of sinistral shear that localized rotations in the piedmont.

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Fichiers liés : 2007TC002137.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Julien AmalricP. Hubert MutinGilles GuerreroArnaud PoncheAlbert SottoJean-Philippe Lavigne
• Organismes : Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Institut de Chimie et des Surfaces et Interfaces Systèmes de sécrétion de type IV et virulence bactérienne Systèmes de sécrétion de type IV et virulence bactérienne Laboratoire de bactériologie
• Publié dans Journal of Materials Chemistry le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : Titanium and stainless steel substrates were modified by grafting with mercaptododecyl phosphonic acid (MDPA) followed by reaction with silver nitrate (AgNO3), in order to investigate the potential of phosphonate self-assembled monolayers functionalized by silver thiolate species as antibacterial nanocoatings for inorganic biomaterials. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in grazing-incidence mode, water contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of the surface modification on bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth was investigated in vitro using E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus strains. The stability of the the monolayer in blood-mimicking medium was examined. Despite their very low silver content, MDPA+AgNO3 monolayers strongly decreased bacterial adhesion (>99.9% reduction in the number of viable adherent bacteria) and biofilm formation in comparison to the bare substrates.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 29/12/2008
• Auteurs : Philippe JonnardKarine Le GuenJean-Michel André
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement
• Publié dans X-Ray Spectrometry le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : Periodic multilayers are nowadays widely used to perform x-ray analysis in the soft x-ray range (photon energy lower than 1 keV). However, they do not permit to obtain high-resolution spectra like natural or synthetic crystals. Thus, multilayers cannot resolve interferences between close x-ray lines. It has been shown and demonstrated experimentally that patterning a grating profile within a multilayer structure leads to a diffractive optics with improved resolving power. We illustrate the use of a Mo/B4C multilayer grating in the Fe L and C K spectral ranges, around 700 eV and 280 eV respectively. First, in the Fe L range, the improved spectral resolution enables us to distinguish the Fe Lα and Lβ emissions (separated by 13 eV). In addition, using a sample made of a mix of LiF and an iron ore, we show that it is possible to easily resolve the F K and Fe L emissions. These examples demonstrate that an improved x-ray analysis can be obtained with multilayer gratings when there is the need to study samples having elements giving rise to close emission lines. Second, in the C K range, by comparing C Kα spectra from B4C and cellulose, we show that the shape of the emission band is sensitive to the chemical state of the carbon atom.

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Fichiers liés : MG_XRS09.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Pré-publication, Document de travail
• Date de publi. : 28/12/2008
• Auteurs : Pierre-Philippe CombesMiren LafourcadeJacques-François ThisseJean-Claude Toutain
• Organismes : Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques Center for Operations Research and Econometrics [UCLouvain] Equipe de recherche sur les marches, l'emploi et la simulation

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Résumé : This paper uses a unique database that provides value-added, employment, and population levels for the entire set of French departments for the years 1860, 1930, and 2000. These data cover three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and services. This allows us to study the evolution of spatial inequalities within France and to test the empirical relevance of economic geography predictions over the long run. The evidence confirms the existence of a bell-shaped evolution of the spatial concentration of manufacturing and services. In contrast, labor productivity has been converging across departments. Last, our study also confirms the presence of strong agglomeration economies during the full time-period. Market potential during the first sub-period (1860-1930), and higher education during the second (1930-2000), together with sectoral diversity, account for the spatial distribution of these gains.

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Fichiers liés : DT2008-60.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 20/12/2008
• Auteurs : Mathieu P RoderoYannick MarieMathieu CoudertEmmeline BlondetKarima MokhtariAudrey RousseauWilliam RaoulCatherine CarpentierFlorian SennlaubPhilippe DeterreJean-Yves DelattrePatrice DebréMarc SansonC. Combadiere
• Organismes : Laboratory of neurogenetics and neuroinflammation Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine Laboratoire Roche [Boulogne-Billancourt] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute Développement, vieillissement et pathologie de la rétine Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses
• Publié dans Journal of Clinical Oncology le 01/11/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 17/12/2008
• Auteurs : Philippe ThomasCyril Hazif-ThomasV. DelagnesP. BonduelleJean-Pierre Clément
• Organismes : Service de Psychiatrie [CHU Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Centre de Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches [Limoges]
• Publié dans L'Encéphale le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Caregivers of demented outpatients can suffer from poor health, are often anguished and unable to cope with the cared patient, and this burden can generate frailty. OBJECTIVES: This survey attempted to determine the psychological parameters and effective capability influence of the caregiver's Quality of Life (QoL) and vulnerability, and measured the consequences of their alteration. METHODS: 4 categories of situations were studied, according to the angst and coping capability of caregivers. Caregiver's QoL and vulnerability were assessed in these situations. Data were related to the socio-demographic data of both patients and their principal caregivers, and to the patients' medical and therapeutic data. RESULTS: 1,410 and 10 patients diagnosed with dementia who lived at home with their principal caregivers were recruited for this survey. Angst and inability to cope with patients alter caregivers' QoL and was correlated to their vulnerability. Female caregivers were often in these situations, had a poorer QoL and were more vulnerable than men. Caregivers anguished and/or nab to cope with the cared patient were less satisfied with their own care and did not enjoy their relationships with their patients. Caregivers with psychological difficulties and failure to cope had to deal with nutritional difficulties with the demented patient. DISCUSSION: Caregivers' QoL and vulnerability, are related to angst and inability to cope with patients. We could imagine that both patients and caregivers would benefit by taking care of carers.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 15/12/2008
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre HamardPhilippe Ballon
• Organismes : Écosystèmes forestiers Écosystèmes forestiers

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Résumé : Suite aux augmentations importantes des populations de cervidés (cerfs et chevreuils) dans le massif du Cosson depuis les années 1970, le Cemagref a été amené à faire un état des lieux des conséquences de la présence de ces populations sur le milieu forestier. L'étude conduite en 2005/2006, financée par le programme Leader+ Grande Sologne et la DRAF Centre, a permis d'évaluer l'impact de ces populations sur le renouvellement des taillis et des taillis sous futaie. Après coupe des taillis, les nouvelles pousses (rejets) s'avèrent très sensibles à la consommation par les grands ongulés. Ce massif forestier, entièrement privé, couvre une surface de 32 000 ha. Compte tenu des difficultés à obtenir des informations précises auprès des propriétaires, nous avons eu recours à l'analyse de photographies aériennes. Cette approche nous a permis d'identifier les parcelles passées en coupe, d'estimer l'âge présumé des exploitations et de mesurer l'évolution des peuplements. A partir de clichés réalisés en 1979, 1991 et 2001, la photo-interprétation a ainsi permis d'effectuer l'inventaire exhaustif de plus de 1 500 peuplements et d'estimer a posteriori leur capacité à se régénérer. Lors de la phase de photo-interprétation, chacune des parcelles retenues a été identifiée par un certain nombre de paramètres (numéro d'ordre, localisation géographique, période de coupe, surface, état initial du peuplement, état actuel, appartenance à un plan simple de gestion, ). Tous ces éléments ont été reportés dans une base de données de type Access associée à un système d'information géographique.L'architecture de cette approche est décrite et illustrée par quelques représentations cartographiques.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 10/12/2008
• Auteurs : H. MauryJean-Michel AndréKarine Le GuenN. MahneAngela GigliaS. NannaroneFrançoise BridouFranck DelmottePhilippe Jonnard
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement
• Publié dans Surface Science : A Journal Devoted to the Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : A set of Mo/Si periodic multilayers is studied by non destructive analysis methods. The thickness of the Si layers is 5 nm while the thickness of the Mo layers changes from one multilayer to another, from 2 to 4 nm. This enables us to probe the effect of the transition between the amorphous to crystalline state of the Mo layers near the interfaces with Si on the optical performances of the multilayers. This transition results in the variation of the refractive index (density variation) of the Mo layers, as observed by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) at a wavelength of 0.154 nm. Combining x-ray emission spectroscopy and XRR, the parameters (composition, thickness and roughness) of the interfacial layers formed by the interaction between the Mo and Si layers are determined. However, these parameters do not evolve significantly as a function of the Mo thickness. It is observed by diffuse scattering at 1.33 nm that the lateral correlation length of the roughness strongly decreases when the Mo thickness goes from 2 to 3 nm. This is due to the development of Mo crystallites parallel to the multilayer surface.

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Fichiers liés : MoSi.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 09/12/2008
• Auteurs : Mehdi MerouaniBruno GuignardFrançois VincentStephen BorronPhilippe KaroubiJean-Philippe FosseYves CohenChristophe Clec'HÉric VicautCarole Marbeuf-GueyeFrederic LapostolleFrederic Adnet
• Organismes : Samu 93 Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Department of Surgery (Emergency Medicine) Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne] Institut Albert Bonniot [2007-2010] Unité de Recherche Clinique Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire Cellulaire et Tissulaire Samu 93 Samu 93
• Publié dans American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The rate of weaning of vasopressors drugs is usually an empirical choice made by the treating in critically ill patients. We applied fuzzy logic principles to modify intravenous norepinephrine (noradrenaline) infusion rates during norepinephrine infusion in septic patients in order to reduce the duration of shock. METHODS: Septic patients were randomly assigned to norepinephrine infused either at the clinician's discretion (control group) or under closed-loop control based on fuzzy logic (fuzzy group). The infusion rate changed automatically after analysis of mean arterial pressure in the fuzzy group. The primary end-point was time to cessation of norepinephrine. The secondary end-points were 28-day survival, total amount of norepinephine infused and duration of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were randomly assigned to fuzzy group and 20 to control group. Weaning of norepinephrine was achieved in 18 of the 20 control patients and in all 19 fuzzy group patients. Median (interquartile range) duration of shock was significantly shorter in the fuzzy group than in the control group (28.5 [20.5 to 42] hours versus 57.5 [43.7 to 117.5] hours; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in duration of mechanical ventilation or survival at 28 days between the two groups. The median (interquartile range) total amount of norepinephrine infused during shock was significantly lower in the fuzzy group than in the control group (0.6 [0.2 to 1.0] mug/kg versus 1.4 [0.6 to 2.7] mug/kg; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown a reduction in norepinephrine weaning duration in septic patients enrolled in the fuzzy group. We attribute this reduction to fuzzy control of norepinephrine infusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00763906.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 03/12/2008
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe Karr
• Organismes : Laboratoire Kastler Brossel

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Résumé : Je présente dans une première partie mes travaux de recherche sur les microcavités semi-conductrices en régime de couplage fort exciton-photon. Les modes propres dans ces systèmes sont des états mixtes exciton-photon appelés polaritons de cavité, qui présentent de fortes non-linéarités optiques provenant de l'interaction exciton-exciton. Je présente plusieurs applications de ces dispositifs dans les domaines de l'optique quantique (compression du bruit quantique, génération de faisceaux corrélés) des communications optiques et de l'opto-électronique de spin. J'aborde dans la deuxième partie mes activités théorique et expérimentale autour de la spectroscopie de l'ion H2+. Le but de l'expérience, qui a débuté en 2003 à l'université d'Evry, est de mesurer la fréquence d'une transition vibrationnelle à deux photons sans effet Doppler, et de la comparer à des prédictions théoriques précises pour en déduire une nouvelle détermination du rapport mp/me. Je décris les progrès des calculs de haute précision sur l'ion H2+ (niveaux d'énergie non relativistes, structure hyperfine), ainsi que le dispositif expérimental mis en place et les perspectives de l'expérience.

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Fichiers liés : HDR-Karr.pdf

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