Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Dany GaillardFabienne LaugeretteNicolas DarcelAbdelghani El-YassimiPatricia Passilly-DegraceAziz HichamiNaim Akhtar KhanJean-Pierre MontmayeurPhilippe Besnard
• Organismes : Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer - Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] Centre des Sciences du Goût Centre des Sciences du Goût Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire Lipides et signalisation cellulaire Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) Centre des Sciences du Goût Lipides et signalisation cellulaire Centre des Sciences du Goût Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866)
• Publié dans FASEB Journal le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : The sense of taste informs the body about the quality of ingested foods. Tastant-mediated signals are generated by a rise in free intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i) in the taste bud cells and then are transferred to the gustatory area of brain via connections between the gustatory nerves (chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves) and the nucleus of solitary tract in the brain stem. We have recently shown that lingual CD36 contributes to fat preference and early digestive secretions in the mouse. We show here that 1) the induction of an increase in [Ca(2+)]i by linoleic acid is CD36-dependent in taste receptor cells, 2) the spontaneous preference for or conversely conditioned aversion to linoleic acid requires intact gustatory nerves, and 3) the activation of gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract elicited by a linoleic acid deposition on the tongue in wild-type mice cannot be reproduced in CD36-null animals. We conclude that the CD36-mediated perception of long-chain fatty acids involves the gustatory pathway, suggesting that the mouse may have a "taste" for fatty foods. This system would constitute a potential physiological advantage under conditions of food scarcity by leading the mouse to select and absorb fatty foods. However, it might also lead to a risk of obesity and associated diseases in a context of constantly abundant food.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Christophe ChiquetPierre-Loic CornutYvonne BenitoGilles ThuretMax MaurinPierre-Olivier LafontaineAndre PechinotKarine PalombiGerard LinaAlain BronPhilippe DenisAnne CarricajoCatherine Creuzot-GarcherJean-Paul RomanetFrancois VandeneschFrench Institutional Endophtalmitis Study Group (friends)
• Organismes : Department of Ophtalmology Department of Ophtalmology Immunité infection vaccination Laboratoire de Bactériologie Department of Ophtalmology Department of Microbiology Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon) Laboratoire de bactériologie (CHU Dijon) Department of Ophtalmology Immunité infection vaccination Laboratoire de Bactériologie Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon) Department of Ophtalmology Department of Microbiology Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon) Department of Ophtalmology Immunité infection vaccination Laboratoire de Bactériologie
• Publié dans Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : PURPOSE: To evaluate eubacterial PCR compared with conventional cultures for detection and identification of bacterial agents in ocular samples from patients with acute postcataract endophthalmitis. METHODS: Broad-range eubacterial PCR amplification was used, followed by direct DNA sequencing in ocular samples (aqueous humor, vitreous samples from tap or vitrectomy) from 100 consecutive patients presenting with acute postcataract endophthalmitis. Bacterial cultures were performed on the same ocular samples by using traditional methods (brain-heart infusion broth). RESULTS: At the time of admission, the detection rate was not significantly different between cultures and PCR (38.2% for cultures versus 34.6% for PCR in aqueous humor samples; 54% versus 57% in vitreous from a vitreous tap). In contrast, in the vitreous obtained from vitrectomy, after intravitreous injection of antibiotics, PCR detected bacteria in 70% of the cases, compared with 9% in cultures. By combining PCR and cultures, bacterial identification was obtained in 47% of aqueous humor samples at admission, in 68% of vitreous samples from a vitreous tap at admission, and in 72% of vitreous samples from pars plana vitrectomy. Gram-positive bacteria predominated (94.3%). The concordance between cultures and PCR was 100%. The contamination rate was 2%. CONCLUSIONS: Cultures and eubacterial PCR are complementary techniques for bacterial identification in eyes with acute postcataract endophthalmitis. PCR technique was needed for identification of the involved microbial pathogen in 25% of all the cases. Eubacterial PCR is more effective than cultures in detecting bacteria in vitreous samples from patients with previous intravitreous administration of antibiotics.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Philippe DeschampsDelphine GuillebeaultJimi DevassineDavid DauvilleeSophie HaebelMartin SteupAlain BuléonJean-Luc PutauxMarie-Christine SlomiannyChristophe ColleoniAline DevinCharlotte PlanckeStanislas TomavoEvelyne DerelleHervé MoreauSteven Ball
• Organismes : Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Center of Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers and Plant Physiology Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches Agroalimentaires Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576
• Publié dans Eukaryotic Cell le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : The nature of the cytoplasmic pathway of starch biosynthesis was investigated in the model heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. The storage polysaccharide granules were shown to be composed of both amylose and amylopectin fractions with a chain length distribution and crystalline organization very similar to those of green algae and land plant starch. Preliminary characterization of the starch pathway demonstrated that C. cohnii contains multiple forms of soluble starch synthases and one major 110-kDa granule-bound starch synthase. All purified enzymes displayed a marked substrate preference for UDP-glucose. At variance with most other microorganisms, the accumulation of starch in the dinoflagellate occurs during early and mid-log phase, with little or no synthesis witnessed when approaching stationary phase. In order to establish a genetic system allowing the study of cytoplasmic starch metabolism in eukaryotes, we describe the isolation of marker mutations and the successful selection of random recombinant populations after homothallic crosses.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Marie-Christine C PicotAudrey JaussentPhilippe KahaneArielle CrespelPhilippe GélisseEdouard HirschPhilippe DerambureSimon DupontElisabeth LandréFrancine ChassouxLuc ValtonJean Pierre VignalChristian MarchalAline RougierClément LamyFrançois SemahArnaud BirabenAlexis ArzimanoglouJérome PetitPhilippe ThomasDorine NeveuPhilippe Ryvlin
• Organismes : Unité de biostatistiques et épidémiologie Unité de biostatistiques et épidémiologie Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Service de neurophysiopathologie de l'épilepsie Service d'explorations neurologiques et épileptologie Service d'explorations neurologiques et épileptologie Service de Neurologie [Strasbourg] Service de neurophysiologie clinique CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Service de neuro-chirurgie Service de neuro-chirurgie Département Neurologie [CHU Toulouse] Service de neurologie [CHRU Nancy] Service de neurologie Service de neurochirurgie CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Service de neurologie [Rennes] Service de neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques Service de neurologie Service de neurologie Unité de biostatistiques et épidémiologie Service de neurologie fonctionnelle et d'épileptologie [Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer-HCL]
• Publié dans Neurochirurgie le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : PURPOSE: To compare resective surgery and medical therapy in a cost-effectiveness analysis in a multicenter cohort of adult patients with partial intractable epilepsy. POPULATION AND METHODS: Adult patients with partial, medically intractable, potentially operable epilepsy were eligible and followed every year over five years. Effectiveness was defined as one year without seizure. The long-term costs and effectiveness were extrapolated over the patients' lifetime with a Markov model. Productivity (indirect costs) and quality of life (QOLIE-31, SEALS) were also assessed. Changes before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were included (119 with surgery, 161 medically treated, six not eligible, three lost to follow-up). One year after surgery, 81% of the patients were seizure-free; at two and three years, this rate was 78%. In the medical group, these rates were 10, 18, and 15%, respectively. The cost of the explorations was euro 8464; including surgery, it was euro 19,700. In the medical group, the average annual direct costs were between 3500 and euro 6000. At two years after surgery, the annual direct cost decreased to euro 2768, at three years, it was euro 1233, predominately antiepileptic drug costs. Surgery became cost-effective between seven and eight years. In the surgical group, all the quality-of-life scores improved at one year after surgery and were stable during the second and third years. CONCLUSION: Surgical therapy was cost-effective at the middle term even though indirect costs were not considered.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Marianne ZellerClaudia KorandjiJean-Claude GuillandPierre SicardCatherine VergelyLuc LorgisJean-Claude BeerLaurence DuvillardAnne-Cécile LagrostDaniel MoreauPhilippe GambertYves CottinLuc Rochette
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 5) Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 5) Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 5) Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimentale Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 5)
• Publié dans Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : Objective-Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthases. From a prospective cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we aimed to analyze the predictive value of circulating ADMA concentrations on prognosis. Methods and Results-Blood samples from 249 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute MI Ͻ24 hours were taken on admission. Serum levels of ADMA and its stereoisomer, symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The independent predictors of ADMA were glomerular filtration rate, female sex, and SDMA (R 2 ϭ0. 25). Baseline ADMA levels were higher in patients who had died than in patients who were alive at 1 year follow-up (1.23 [0.98 to 1.56] versus 0.95 [0.77 to 1.20] mol/L, PϽ0.001). By Cox multivariate analysis, the higher tertile of ADMA (median [interquartile range]: 1.45 [1.24 to 1.70] mol/L) was a predictor for mortality (Hazard Ratio [95% CI], 4.83 [1.59 to 14.71]), when compared to lower tertiles, even when adjusted for potential confounders, such as acute therapy, biological, and clinical factors. Conclusion-Our study suggests that the baseline ADMA level has a strong prognostic value for mortality after MI, beyond traditional risk factors and biomarkers.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Anne Louchet-ChauvetYann Le DuFabien BretenakerThierry ChanelièreFabienne GoldfarbIvan LorgeréJean-Louis Le GouëtOlivier Guillot-NoëlPhilippe Goldner
• Organismes : Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site Paris VI) Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site Paris VI)
• Publié dans Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1998-2015) le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : A thulium-doped crystal is experimentally shown to be an excellent candidate for broadband quantum storage in a solid-state medium. For the first time, nuclear spin coherence is optically excited, detected and characterized in such a crystal. The lifetime of the spin coherence -- the potential storage entity -- is measured by means of Raman echo to be about 300~$\mu$s over a wide range of ground state splittings. This flexibility, attractive for broadband operation, and well fitted to existing quantum sources, results from the simple hyperfine structure, contrasting with Pr- and Eu- doped crystals.

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Fichiers liés : PRB77-195110louchet_Raman echo.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2008
• Auteurs : Min Ji KimClaude JardelCyrille BarthélémyVéronique JanJean Philippe BastardSandrine Fillaut-ChapinSydney HouryJacqueline CapeauAnne Lombès
• Organismes : Pathologie de l'Adipocyte et des Cellules Hepatiques Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié
• Publié dans Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : ABSTRACT Lipoatrophy is a prevalent side effect of antiretroviral treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Its mechanisms are still disputed but include mitochondrial toxicity and, in particular, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion induced by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. To obtain an integrated evaluation of the mitochondrial alteration in lipoatrophy, we investigated the DNA, RNA, and protein levels in 15 samples of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from HIV-infected patients with peripheral lipoatrophy and compared the results with those for 15 samples from age- and body mass index-matched controls. The DNA and RNA analyses used PCR-based techniques, while proteins were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and measurement of activities with spectrophotometric assays. Depletion of mtDNA and mtDNA-encoded MT-CO2 mRNA was present, but normal levels of mtDNA-dependent activity (cytochrome c oxidase) and protein (MT-CO2p) showed that it was compensated for. An increase in nuclear-DNA-dependent mitochondrial activities (citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase) and protein (COX4I1p), as well as transcriptional up-regulation of nuclear-DNA-encoded mitochondrial genes ( COX4I1 and UCP2 ), demonstrated increased mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the expression of the known transcription factors of mitochondrial biogenesis ( TFAM , NRF1 , GABPA , PPARGC1A , PPARGC1B , and PPRC1 ) was normal or decreased. Increased amounts of activated caspase 3 and of DDIT3 mRNA showed the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress, respectively. The mtDNA content did not correlate with any other mitochondrial parameter. In conclusion, mtDNA content does not appear to be an accurate biomarker of mitochondrial alteration in lipoatrophic adipose tissue. The preservation of mtDNA-dependent mitochondrial functions occurred despite severe mtDNA depletion. The presence of significant oxidative stress and apoptosis did not correlate with the mtDNA content.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 30/04/2008
• Auteurs : Vincent VerbiestDanièle MontaudonMichel TautuJoyce MoukarzelJean-Pierre PortailJudith MarkovitsJacques RobertFrançois IchasPhilippe Pourquier
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée Laboratoire Aimé Cotton Plateforme de génétique moléculaire des cancers d'Aquitaine Signalisation et Mecanismes Moleculaires de l'Apoptose
• Publié dans FEBS Letters le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : PRMT7 belongs to the protein arginine methyl-transferases family. We show that downregulation of PRMT7alpha and beta isoforms in DC-3F hamster cells was associated with increased sensitivity to the Top1 inhibitor camptothecin (CPT). This effect was not due to a change in Top1 contents or catalytic activity, or to a difference in the reversal of DNA breaks. Overexpression of PRMT7alpha and beta in DC-3F cells had no effect on CPT sensitivity, whereas it conferred a resistance to DC-3F/9-OH-E cells for which both isoforms are reduced by two- to three-fold as compared to DC-3F parental cells. Finally, downregulation of the human PRMT7 could also sensitize HeLa cells to CPT, suggesting that it could be used as a target to potentiate CPT derivatives.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 28/04/2008
• Auteurs : Elise BonvinPhilippe Le RouzicJean-François BernaudinCharles-Henry CottartClarisse VandebrouckAntoine CrieTeresinha LealAnnick ClémentMonique Bonora
• Organismes : Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions CHU Tenon [AP-HP] Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris - Université Paris Descartes Institut de physiologie et biologie cellulaires [UMR 6187] Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions CHU Trousseau [APHP] Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions
• Publié dans The Journal of Physiology le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the major alteration in pulmonary function is due to peripheral airway obstruction. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that alterations in the extrathoracic airways, particularly in the trachea that expresses high levels of CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator), may contribute to respiratory dysfunction. We performed morphological analyses of the trachea and airway functional studies in adult Cftr knockout (Cftr−/−) and F508del-CFTR mice and their controls. Macroscopic and histological examination of the trachea showed the presence of one to seven disrupted or incomplete cartilage rings in Cftr−/− mice (23/25) while only a few Cftr+/+ mice (6/25) had one abnormal ring. Tracheal defects were mainly localized in the proximal trachea. In 14 Cftr−/− mice, frontal disruption of the first three to six rings below the cricoid cartilage were associated with upper tracheal constriction. Similar tracheal abnormalities were detected in adult F508del-CFTR and in newborn Cftr−/− and F508del-CFTR mice. Tracheal and ventilatory function analyses showed in Cftr−/− mice a decreased contractile response of the proximal trachea and a reduced breathing rate due to an increase in the inspiratory and expiratory times. In F508del-CFTR mice, the expiratory time was longer than in controls. Therefore, these structural and functional abnormalities detected in adult and newborn CF mouse models may represent congenital malformations related toCFTRdysfunction. These results raise important questions concerning themechanismsgoverning trachealdevelopmentwithin the context ofCFTRproteindysfunction and the implication of such abnormalities in the pathogenesis of airway disease in CF

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 28/04/2008
• Auteurs : Edouard FerrandPatricia JabreClaire Vincent-GenodRégis AubryMichel BadetPhilippe BadiaAlain CariouFrançoise EllienValérie GounantRoger GilSamir JaberSylvie JayElena PaillaudPhilippe PoulainBernard RegnierJean ReignierGérard SociéBernard TardyFrançois LemaireChristian Brun-BuissonJean MartyNon Renseigné
• Organismes : Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu Laboratoire d'Informatique pour l'Entreprise et les Systèmes de Production General ICU Réseau SPES Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation B Bioinformatique génomique et moléculaire Service de réanimation médicale Unité d'hématologie et de transplantation Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose, pharmacologie des antithrombotiques et situations à risque Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques Respiratoires Service de réanimation médicale DAM Île-de-France
• Publié dans Archives of Internal Medicine le 30/07/2013

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Résumé : BACKGROUND: In developed countries at present, death mostly occurs in hospitals, but the circumstances and factors associated with the quality of organization and care surrounding death are not well described. METHODS: We designed a large multicenter cross-sectional study to analyze the setting and clinical course of each patient on the day of death. We included 2750 clinical departments of 294 hospitals. Of these, 1033 departments (37.6%) of 200 hospitals (68.0%) contributed to the Mort-a-l'Hôpital survey. Data were collected prospectively by the bedside nurse of each patient within 10 days of the occurrence of death. Main outcome measures included circumstances of death in hospitalized patients; secondary outcomes, nurses' perceptions of quality of end-of-life care. RESULTS: Of the 1033 participating departments, 420 recorded no deaths during the study period and 613 declared at least 1 death. In the 3793 patients who died and were included for assessment, only 925 (24.4%) had loved ones present at the time of death; 70.1% had respiratory distress during the period before death; and only 12.0% were in pain. Written protocols for end-of-life care were available in 12.2% of participating departments. Only 35.1% of nurses judged the quality of dying and death acceptable for themselves. Principal factors significantly associated with this perception were availability of a written protocol for end-of-life care, anticipation of death, informing the family, surrogate designation, adequate control of pain, presence of family or friends at the time of death, and staff meeting with the family after the death. CONCLUSIONS: This large prospective study identifies nonoptimal circumstances of death for hospitalized patients and a number of suggestions for improvement. A combination of factors reflected in the nurses' satisfaction may improve the quality of end-of-life care.

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