Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Matthieu AngeliJean-Philippe BigasDavid BenaventeBeatriz MenendezRonan L. HébertChristian David
• Organismes : Laboratoire de tectonique Laboratoire de mécanique et matériaux du génie civil Laboratorio de petrologia applicada Laboratoire de tectonique Laboratoire de tectonique Laboratoire de tectonique
• Publié dans Environmental Geology le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : The objective of this study is to understand and predict the alteration of porous rock by crystallization of salts. Samples of different rocks have been tested according to the EN 12370 standard test. Two parameters are proposed to evaluate the alteration of a rock during these tests. The alteration index AI represents the cycle in which the first damages occur. The alteration velocity AV represents the alteration rate at the end of the experiment, when the decay has become regular. These parameters can be estimated with the help of a microstructural study of the rocks. The most relevant intrinsic parameters of the stones for this estimation are capillary coefficient, evaporation coefficient, tensile strength and P-waves velocity. An evaluation of the alteration pattern is also proposed depending on the eventual heterogeneities and anisotropies of the rocks. The influence of the dimension and shape of the samples is also discussed.

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Fichiers liés : salt_decay_-_quantificaiton_and_estimation_of_damage_-_Angeli_et_al_2008_-_env_geol.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Laetitia BernardChristophe MougelPierre-Alain MaronVirginie NowakJean LévêqueCatherine HénaultFeth El Zahar HaicharOdile BergeChristine MarolJérôme BalesdentFrédéric GibiatPhilippe LemanceauLionel Ranjard
• Organismes : Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes Groupe de Recherches Appliquées en Phytotechnologie Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement
• Publié dans Environmental Microbiology le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : This work is the first report on the use of DNA-, RNA-SIP approaches to elucidate the dynamics and the diversity of bacterial populations actively assimilating C derived from plant residues labelled at more than 90% (13)C. Wheat-residues, were incorporated and incubated into soil microcosms for 28 days. At the end of the incubation time, no more than 55% of the total CO(2) released was (13)C-labelled, suggesting the occurrence of an important priming effect process. After 7 days, more than 30% of the whole DNA extracted were labelled, allowing an efficient separation of labelled from unlabelled DNA using density gradient centrifugation. The genetic structure of bacterial community, assessed by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis technique, was deduced from the (13)C- and (12)C-fractions of control and enriched conditions, over the time course of the experiment. Dynamics showed that wheat residues directly induced a rapid and durable stimulation of fresh organic matter (FOM) degrading populations ((13)C), while specific soil organic matter (SOM) degrading populations ((12)C) seemed to be indirectly stimulated only at the early time point (t7d). After 14 days of incubations, 16S rRNA clone libraries were elaborated on (12)C- and (13)C-RNA extracted from enriched microcosms, as well as (12)C-RNA extracted from control condition. Stimulation of the beta- and gamma-subgroups of proteobacteria, where numerous populations were previously described as r-strategists or copiotrophic organisms, was recorded in the (13)C-fraction. In the mean time, several phyla like Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Candidate, Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetes were only present in (12)C fractions. Surprisingly, several sequences affiliated to species characterized as oligotrophic organisms were retrieved in both types of fraction. Trophic relationships between soil bacteria involved in FOM and SOM degradation were discussed on the basis of different hypotheses of Fontaine and colleagues (2003) concerning the mechanisms of the priming effect induction.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Jacques BoddaertKiyoka KinugawaJean-Charles LambertFatiha BoukhtoucheJoffrey ZollRégine MervalOlivier Blanc-brudeDavid MannClaudine BerrJosé VilarBéatrice Vernet-Der GarabedianNathalie JourniacDominique CharueJean-Sébastien SilvestreCharles DuyckaertsPhillippe AmouyelJean MarianiAlain TedguiZiad Mallat
• Organismes : Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Lariboisiere
• Publié dans American Journal of Pathology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Lactadherin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein expressed in phagocytes and contributes to the removal of apoptotic cells. We examined lactadherin expression in brain sections of patients with or without Alzheimer's disease and studied its role in the phagocytosis of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta). Cells involved in Alzheimer's disease, including vascular smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, and microglia, showed a time-related increase in lactadherin production in culture. Quantitative analysis of the level of lactadherin showed a 35% reduction in lactadherin mRNA expression in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 52) compared with age-matched controls (n = 58; P = 0.003). Interestingly, lactadherin protein was detected in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls, with low expression in areas rich in senile plaques and marked expression in areas without Abeta deposition. Using surface plasmon resonance, we observed a direct protein-protein interaction between recombinant lactadherin and Abeta 1-42 peptide in vitro. Lactadherin deficiency or its neutralization using specific antibodies significantly prevented Abeta 1-42 phagocytosis by murine and human macrophages. In conclusion, lactadherin plays an important role in the phagocytosis of Abeta 1-42 peptide, and its expression is reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Alterations in lactadherin production/function may contribute to the initiation and/or progression of Alzheimer's disease.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Horst Uwe KellerMichael KüppersSonia FornasierPedro J. GutiérrezStubbe F. HviidLaurent JordaJörg KnollenbergStephen C. LowryMiriam RengelIvano BertiniGabriele CremoneseWing-H. IpDetlef KoschnyRainer KrammEkkehard KührtLuisa-Maria LaraHolger SierksNicolas ThomasCesare BarbieriPhilippe LamyHans RickmanRafael RodrigoMichael A'HearnFrancesco AngrilliMaria-Antonella BarucciJean-Loup BertauxVania da DeppoBjörn J.R. DavidssonMariolino de CeccoStefano DebeiMarco FulleFritz GliemOlivier GroussinJosé Lopez MorenoFrancesco MarzariGiampiero NalettoLola SabauAngel Sanz AndrésKlaus-Peter Wenzel
• Organismes : Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille DLR Institut für Planetenforschung Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Institute of Space Science [Taiwan] European Space Research and Technology Centre Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research DLR Institut für Planetenforschung Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Physikalisches Institut [Bern] Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille Department of Astronomy and Space Physics [Uppsala] Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia Department of Astronomy [College Park] Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica [Padova] Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics Service d'aéronomie Department of Information Engineering [Padova] Department of Astronomy and Space Physics [Uppsala] Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze Department of Astronomy [College Park] Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei" Department of Information Engineering [Padova] Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial Instituto de Microgravedad "Ignacio Da Riva" European Space Research and Technology Centre
• Publié dans Icarus le 30/10/2020

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Fichiers liés : AS51_3.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Emilie BrillardJean-René PallandreDavid ChalmersBernhard RyffelAmandine RadlovicEstelle SeillesPierre-Simon RohrlichXavier B. PivotPierre TiberghienPhilippe SaasChristophe Borg
• Organismes : Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Immunologie et Embryologie Moléculaires Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098)
• Publié dans Experimental Hematology le 23/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVE: CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) have been initially shown to prevent organ-specific autoimmunity. It is now accepted that Treg homeostasis depends in part on the peripheral conversion of na? CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. This conversion implicates acquisition of the Treg-specific markers, forkhead winged helix protein 3 (Foxp3), after CD28 costimulation. Because natural killer cells (NK) are critical for efficient cytotoxic T-cell priming and TH1 polarization, we investigated their role in Foxp3 induction in CD4(+) T lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes were activated in vitro by CD28 costimulation in the presence of interleukin-2-activated NK. Three days after initial activation, Foxp3 protein and RNA expression were determined by flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo influence of activated NK on Foxp3 expression was studied in an adoptive transfer model of CD45.2(+) CD4(+)CD25(-) lymphocytes into CD45.1(+) mice. RESULTS: Interleukin-2-activated NK decreased Treg conversion of adoptively transferred murine CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in vivo. Likewise, human-activated NK, but not resting NK, decreased CD28-driven Foxp3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes, while at the same time increasing proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Neutralization of IFN-gamma partially restored Treg conversion and prevented TH1 polarization after CD28 costimulation. CONCLUSION: The current study suggests that activated NK interfere with CD28-mediated Foxp3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes. Our experiments further underline a molecular interaction between IFN-gamma and Foxp3 downstream of CD28 signaling. Together, these results demonstrate that activated NK play a critical role at the initiation step of immune responses by modulating peripheral Treg differentiation.

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Alexandre MeyerPhilippe DecaudinFabrice Neyret
• Organismes : Simulation, Analyse et Animation pour la Réalité Augmentée Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects Laboratoire Franco-Chinois d'Informatique, d'Automatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 01/03/2007
• Auteurs : Pierre ZembriMarianne Ollivier-TrigaloSylvain BaroneLaetitia DablancGilles DebizetAlain FaureGuillaume GourguesDavid GuérangerRigaud PhilippeJean-Pierre WolffGeneviève Zembri-Mary
• Organismes : Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés Centre interdisciplinaire d'études urbaines (Toulouse) Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés

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Résumé : Si les régions contribuent aux investissements affectés aux réseaux routiers et à l'extension du réseau TGV, elles sont aussi depuis le début des années 2000 autorités organisatrices des transports régionaux de voyageurs (TER). Sept équipes de chercheurs ont mené en commun, sous l'égide du PREDIT (GO 11), une enquête comparative et pluridisciplinaire en 2006 dans les régions Nord - Pas de Calais, Rhône-Alpes, Alsace, Midi-Pyrénées, PACA et Centre. La recherche a débouché sur un certain nombre de résultats sur les mécanismes d'institutionnalisation régionale, l'émergence de nouveaux corps de doctrine, le processus de différenciation territoriale, l'évolution des réformes de décentralisation et la montée en puissance des pouvoirs métropolitains?

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 25/02/2007
• Auteurs : Franck TarendeauJulien BoudetDelphine GuilligayPhilippe MasCatherine BougaultSébastien BouloFlorence BaudinRob RuigrokNathalie DaigleJan EllenbergStephen CusackJean-Pierre SimorreDarren J Hart
• Organismes : EMBL Heidelberg Institut de biologie structurale European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] EMBL Heidelberg Institut de biologie structurale Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions = Biologie structurale des interactions entre virus et cellule hôte EMBL Heidelberg Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions = Biologie structurale des interactions entre virus et cellule hôte Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions = Biologie structurale des interactions entre virus et cellule hôte European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] Institut de biologie structurale European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble]
• Publié dans Nature Structural and Molecular Biology le 01/11/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 23/02/2007
• Auteurs : Michael BerhanuRomain MonchauxStéphan FauveNicolas MordantFrançois PétrélisArnaud ChiffaudelFrançois DaviaudBérengère DubrulleLouis MariéFlorent RaveletMickaël BourgoinPhilippe OdierJean-François PintonRomain Volk
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Service de physique de l'état condensé Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Service de physique de l'état condensé Service de physique de l'état condensé Service de physique de l'état condensé Laboratoire de physique des océans Service de physique de l'état condensé Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon
• Publié dans EPL - Europhysics Letters le 23/10/2020

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Résumé : We report the first experimental observation of reversals of a dynamo field generated in a laboratory experiment based on a turbulent flow of liquid sodium. The magnetic field randomly switches between two symmetric solutions B and -B. We observe a hierarchy of time scales similar to the Earth's magnetic field: the duration of the steady phases is widely distributed, but is always much longer than the time needed to switch polarity. In addition to reversals we report excursions. Both coincide with minima of the mechanical power driving the flow. Small changes in the flow driving parameters also reveal a large variety of dynamo regimes.

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Fichiers liés : berhanu2007_epl.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 22/02/2007
• Auteurs : Nicolas NagotAbdoulaye OuedraogoVincent FoulongneIssouf KonatéHelen A WeissLaurence VergneMarie-Christine DeferDidier DjagbaréAnselme SanonJean-Baptiste AndonabaPierre BecquartMichel SegondyR. ValloAdrien SawadogoPhilippe van de PerrePhilippe Mayaud
• Organismes : Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] VIH/SIDA et maladies associées Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] VIH/SIDA et maladies associées Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] VIH/SIDA et maladies associées Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso] Laboratoire de Virologie [CHRU Montpellier] VIH/SIDA et maladies associées London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
• Publié dans New England Journal of Medicine le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Background : Epidemiologic data suggest that infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is associated with increased genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and HIV-1 transmissibility. Methods : We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of HSV suppressive therapy with valacyclovir (at a dose of 500 mg twice daily) in Burkina Faso among women who were seropositive for HIV-1 and HSV-2; all were ineligible for highly active antiretroviral therapy. The patients were followed for 24 weeks (12 weeks before and 12 weeks after randomization). Regression models were used to assess the effect of valacyclovir on the presence and quantity of genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA and genital HSV-2 DNA during treatment, adjusting for baseline values, and to evaluate the effect over time. Results : A total of 140 women were randomly assigned to treatment groups; 136 were included in the analyses. At enrollment, the median CD4 cell count was 446 cells per cubic millimeter, and the mean plasma viral load was 4.44 log10 copies per milliliter. With the use of summary-measures analysis, valacyclovir therapy was found to be associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of genital HIV-1 RNA (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.80) and in the mean quantity of the virus (log10 copies per milliliter, −0.29; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.15). However, there was no significant decrease in detection of HIV (risk ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.07). HSV suppressive therapy also reduced the mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level by 0.53 log10 copy per milliliter (95% CI, −0.72 to −0.35). Repeated-measures analysis showed that these effects became significantly stronger during the 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions : HSV suppressive therapy significantly reduces genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in dually infected women. This finding may have important implications for HIV control. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00158509.)

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