Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 12/07/2007
• Auteurs : Khaldoun SalehWigneron J.-P.Philippe WaldteufelPatricia de RosnayMike SchwankJ.-C. CalvetYann H. Kerr
• Organismes : Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Service d'aéronomie Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère
• Publié dans Remote Sensing of Environment le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The scope of this study is to establish the parameters of the L-band (1.4 GHz) Microwave Emission of the Biosphere model (L-MEB) for grass covers, and to assess surface soil moisture retrievals in areas covered by grass. L-MEB parameters are key ancillary information for the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (SMOS) retrieval algorithm that produces estimates of the surface soil moisture from measurements of the surface brightness temperature at L-band. L-band data sets from three ground-based experiments over grass are analysed in this paper: BARC (orchard grass and alfalfa), ELBARA-ETH (clover grass), and SMOSREX (grass and litter from a field left fallow). Modelling of the brightness temperature using the zero-th order radiative transfer model in L-MEB indicates that the vegetation appears isotropic to microwaves propagating with horizontal polarisation, and that the single scattering albedo can be neglected. At vertical polarisation, non-zero scattering is observed for all the grass data sets. Surface soil moisture is retrieved with enough accuracy for all data sets as long as the soil and litter emission are calibrated beforehand. Then surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth can be left as free parameters in the retrieval process. Finally, the study highlights the importance of detecting strong emission and attenuation by wet vegetation and litter due to rainfall interception in order to obtain accurate estimates of the surface soil moisture. The study illustrates how strong rainfall interception can be flagged straightforwardly using a microwave polarisation index.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 09/07/2007
• Auteurs : Frédéric BernardinMireille BossyAntoine RousseauTamara SalamehPhilippe Drobinski
• Organismes : Centre d'études techniques de l'équipement de Lyon Simuler et calibrer des modèles stochastiques Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)

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Résumé : A Lagrangian stochastic model is introduced in order to describe the local behavior of the wind. Based on some data given by a large scales meteorological model (MM5), and thanks to particles driven by stochastic differential equations, we propose a numerical method allowing to improve the MM5 simulations at small scales, without requiring too much additional computational cost.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 09/07/2007
• Auteurs : Vincent MartinVanessa MartinPhilippe Poullain
• Organismes : Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert Interactions Eau-Geomatériaux Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique

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Résumé : Within an experimental framework, in porous saturated media, it remains a delicate problemto identify sound speed and attenuation, two related characteristics. Using a temporal methodis problematic as samples are short and, moreover, the Fourier transform is unable to extractinformation from the frequency domain.Wavenumbers can be identified by stationary methods, but the ratio of displacements atthe sample exit to displacements at the entry does not depend linearly on the wavenumber. Anon-convex minimization is quite unreliable, since it depends on the initial value it has to startfrom. A genetic algorithm could certainly be of some help here. However, with a rather morephysical insight, when dealing with samples of different lengths, averaging the results couldalready improve reliability. Here we suggest going further in the same vein, using a differentapproach to reach a robust result.Indeed, as said previously, the function available is not linear with regard to theparameters. But starting from a first identified value, the perturbation method makes itpossible to linearize the function with regard not to the parameter itself but to its variation.Such an approach provides not only information about the stability of the function with theparameter variation but also, within the limits of stability, an analytical solution, thanks to thenow convex optimization of the variation which will refine the initial value.This presentation provides an analysis of the approach. It is the first step towards thestudy of how the model influences the stability of the identification, a problem which isdefinitely of interest today.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 05/07/2007
• Auteurs : Benoît CallendretValérie LorinPierre CharneauPhilippe MarianneauHugues ContaminJean-Michel BettonSylvie van Der WerfNicolas Escriou
• Organismes : Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires Virologie moléculaire et Vectorologie Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections [CIRI] Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections [CIRI] Biochimie Structurale Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires
• Publié dans Virology le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : The SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein (S) is the main target of the protective immune response in humans and animal models of SARS. Here, we demonstrated that efficient expression of S from the wild-type spike gene in cultured cells required the use of improved plasmid vectors containing donor and acceptor splice sites, as well as heterologous viral RNA export elements, such as the CTE of Mazon-Pfizer monkey virus or the PRE of Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE). The presence of both splice sites and WPRE markedly improved the immunogenicity of S-based DNA vaccines against SARS. Upon immunization of mice with low doses (2 microg) of naked DNA, only intron and WPRE-containing vectors could induce neutralizing anti-S antibodies and provide protection against challenge with SARS-CoV. Our observations are likely to be useful for the construction of plasmid and viral vectors designed for optimal expression of intronless genes derived from cytoplasmic RNA viruses.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 05/07/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe DelahayeJacques PalicotChristophe MoyPierre Leray
• Organismes : Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2007
• Auteurs : Kevin BleakleyGérard BiauJean-Philippe Vert
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Statistique Théorique et Appliquée Laboratoire de Statistique Théorique et Appliquée Centre de Bioinformatique
• Publié dans Bioinformatics le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : MOTIVATION: Inference and reconstruction of biological networks from heterogeneous data is currently an active research subject with several important applications in systems biology. The problem has been attacked from many different points of view with varying degrees of success. In particular, predicting new edges with a reasonable false discovery rate is highly demanded for practical applications, but remains extremely challenging due to the sparsity of the networks of interest. RESULTS: While most previous approaches based on the partial knowledge of the network to be inferred build global models to predict new edges over the network, we introduce here a novel method which predicts whether there is an edge from a newly added vertex to each of the vertices of a known network using local models. This involves learning individually a certain subnetwork associated with each vertex of the known network, then using the discovered classification rule associated with only that vertex to predict the edge to the new vertex. Excellent experimental results are shown in the case of metabolic and protein-protein interaction network reconstruction from a variety of genomic data. AVAILABILITY: An implementation of the proposed algorithm is available upon request from the authors.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2007
• Auteurs : Thibault de La Motte RougeLorenzo GalluzziKen OlaussenYael ZermatiEzgi TasdemirThomas RobertHugues RipocheVladimir LazarPhilippe DessenFrancis HarperGerard PierronGuillaume PinnaNatalia AraujoAnnick Harel-BelanJean-Pierre ArmandTai Wai WongJean Charles SoriaGuido Kroemer
• Organismes : Institut Gustave Roussy Apoptose, cancer et immunité Institut Gustave Roussy Apoptose, cancer et immunité Institut Gustave Roussy Apoptose, cancer et immunité Apoptose, cancer et immunité Institut Gustave Roussy Institut Gustave Roussy Apoptose, cancer et immunité Institut Gustave Roussy Bases fondamentales et stratégies nouvelles en cancérologie Institut Gustave Roussy Génomes et cancer Institut Gustave Roussy Institut Gustave Roussy Génomes et cancer Réplication de l’ADN et Ultrastructure du Noyau [Villejuif] Réplication de l’ADN et Ultrastructure du Noyau [Villejuif] Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer Institut Gustave Roussy Bristol-Myers Squibb [Princeton] Institut Gustave Roussy Institut Gustave Roussy Apoptose, cancer et immunité
• Publié dans Cancer Research le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Abstract Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) responds to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as erlotinib. However, secondary somatic EGFR mutations (e.g., T790M) confer resistance to erlotinib. BMS-690514, a novel panHER/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor described here, exerted antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on NSCLC cell lines, with prominent efficacy on H1975 cells expressing the T790M mutation. In this model, BMS-690514 induced a G1 cell cycle arrest, as well as ultrastructural hallmarks of apoptosis, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases involved in the intrinsic (e.g., caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9), but not in the extrinsic (e.g., caspase-8), pathway. Caspase inhibition conferred partial protection against BMS-690514 cytotoxicity, pointing to the involvement of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent effector mechanisms. Transcriptome analyses revealed the up-regulation of proapoptotic (e.g., Bim, Puma) and cell cycle inhibitory (e.g., p27Kip1, p57Kip2) factors, as well as the down-regulation of antiapoptotic (e.g., Mcl1), heat shock (e.g., HSP40, HSP70, HSP90), and cell cycle promoting [e.g., cyclins B1, D1, and D3; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1); MCM family proteins; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] proteins. BMS-690514–induced death of H1975 cells was modified in a unique fashion by a panel of small interfering RNAs targeting apoptosis modulators. Down-regulation of components of the nuclear factor-κB survival pathway (e.g., p65, Nemo/IKKγ, TAB2) sensitized cells to BMS-690514, whereas knockdown of proapoptotic factors (e.g., Puma, Bax, Bak, caspase-2, etc.) and DNA damage–related proteins (e.g., ERCC1, hTERT) exerted cytoprotective effects. BMS-690514 is a new pan-HER/VEGFR inhibitor that may become an alternative to erlotinib for the treatment of NSCLC. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6253–62]

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2007
• Auteurs : Bénédicte StengelCorinne AntignacGabriel BaverelGabriel ChoukrounOlivier CussenotJean-Claude DussauleGérard FriedlanderPhilippe LangMartine Lelièvre-PégorierZiad MassyRenato C. MonteiroAngelo PariniJean Paul SoulillouLaurent BaudPierre Ronco
• Organismes : Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique Neuropathies héréditaires et rein en développement Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP] Métabolomique et maladies métaboliques Faculté de médecine Université de Picardie Jules Verne CHU Tenon [AP-HP] Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP] Centre de recherche Croissance et signalisation Hôpital Henri Mondor Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Université de Picardie Jules Verne Affectations Mineralisantes du Systeme Cardiovasculaire : Calcifications Arterielles et Valvulaires Aortiques Immunopathologie rénale, récepteurs et inflammation Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil Institut de transplantation et de recherche en transplantation Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales Immunointervention dans les allo et xénotransplantations CHU Tenon [AP-HP] Remodelage et Reparation du Tissu Renal CHU Tenon [AP-HP] Remodelage et Reparation du Tissu Renal
• Publié dans Néphrologie & Thérapeutique le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), the Society of Nephrology, and the French Kidney Foundation recognized the need to create a National Research Program for kidney and urinary tract diseases. They organized a conference gathering 80 researchers to discuss the state-of-the art and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of kidney and urinary tract disease research in France, and to identify research priorities. From these priorities emerged 11 of common interest: 1) conducting epidemiologic studies; 2) conducting large multicenter cohorts of well-phenotyped patients with blood, urine and biopsy biobanks; 3) developing large scale approach: transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics; 4) developing human and animal functional imaging techniques; 5) strengthening the expertise in renal pathology and electrophysiology; 6) developing animal models of kidney injury; 7) identifying nontraumatic diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers; 8) increasing research on the fetal programming of adult kidney diseases; 9) encouraging translational research from bench to bedside and to population; 10) creating centers grouping basic and clinical research workforces with critical mass and adequate logistic support; 11) integrating and developing european research programs.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2007
• Auteurs : Charles LeyderMarco RomanelliJean-Philippe KarrElisabeth GiacobinoTim C.H. LiewMikhail M. GlazovAlexey KavokinGuillaume MalpuechAlberto Bramati
• Organismes : Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Institut de Physique de Rennes Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Département de Physique et Modélisation (Evry) Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Nanyang Technological University [Singapour] A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute University of Southampton Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Laboratoire Kastler Brossel
• Publié dans Nature Physics le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : The spin Hall effect consists of the generation of a spin current perpendicular to the charge current flow. Thirty-five years after its prediction by Dyakonov and Perel'1, it is the focus of experimental and theoretical investigations and constitutes one of the most remarkable effects of spintronics. Owing to scattering and dephasing in electronic gases, it is difficult to observe and has only been demonstrated for the first time a few years ago2, 3, 4, 5. Recently, three of us have predicted the optical spin Hall effect6, which consists of a separation in real space and momentum space of spin-polarized exciton-polaritons generated by a laser in a semiconductor microcavity7. The separation takes place owing to a combination of elastic scattering of exciton-polaritons by structural disorder and an effective magnetic field coming from polarization splitting of the polariton states. The excitonic spin current is controlled by the linear polarization of the laser pump. Here, we report the first experimental evidence for this effect and demonstrate propagation of polariton spin currents over 100 mum in a high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs quantum microcavity. By rotating the polarization plane of the exciting light, we were able to switch the directions of the spin currents.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2007
• Auteurs : Istvan S. VariBeverley BalkauAdrien KettanehPhilippe AndréJean TichetFrédéric FumeronEmile CacesMichel MarreBernard GranchampPierre Ducimetière
• Organismes : Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique École des hautes études en sciences sociales Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique Institut inter-Régional pour la SAnté Déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires Institut inter-Régional pour la SAnté Déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et nutrition [CHU Bichat] Centre de recherche biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon Service de biochimie hormonale, métabolique et génétique Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique
• Publié dans Diabetes Care le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVE—To study cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between iron stocks (ferritin) and the iron transport protein (transferrin) with the metabolic syndrome and its abnormalities. METHODS—469 men, 278 pre- and 197 post-menopausal women from the French D.E.S.I.R. cohort, aged 30-65 years, were followed over six years. RESULTS—Higher concentrations of both ferritin and transferrin were associated with the IDF, and NCEP-ATP III original and revised metabolic syndromes at baseline: for the IDF metabolic syndrome the standardized, age-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for log(ferritin) were: 1.49 (1.14-1.94) for men, 2.10 (1.27-3.48) for pre-menopausal women, 1.80 (1.21-2.68) for post-menopausal women; for transferrin they were respectively: 1.94 (1.53-2.47), 2.22 (1.32-3.75), 2.14 (1.47-3.10). After 6-years of follow-up, the change in the presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with higher baseline log(ferritin) in all three groups: 1.46 (1.13 1.89), 1.28 (0.85-1.94), 1.62 (1.10-2.38), and transferrin: 1.41 (1.10-1.81), 1.63 (1.05-2.52), 1.51 (1.02-2.22). Among syndrome components, hypertriglyceridemia at 6 years was the component most strongly associated with baseline ferritin and transferrin. The odds of an incident IDF-defined metabolic syndrome after 6 years, was more than four-fold higher when ferritin and transferrin were both above the group-specific top tertile, in comparison with participants with both parameters below these thresholds. CONCLUSIONS—This is the first prospective study associating ferritin and transferrin with the metabolic syndrome and its components. When both markers of the iron metabolism are elevated, the incidence of the metabolic syndrome is increased in men and both pre- and post-menopausal women.

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Fichiers liés : vari_DC-06-2312._22_03_07.pdf

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