Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-Louis DurandThierry BariacMarc GhesquièrePhilippe BironPatricia RichardM. HumphreysZ. Zwierzykovski
• Organismes : Unité de recherche d'Écophysiologie des Plantes Fourragères Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Unité de recherche Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Institute for Genetic and Environment Research Institute of Plant Genetics
• Publié dans Environmental and Experimental Botany le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : The depth of water extraction is a key trait in grassland species. For comparing individual plant forms in the field, different ecological studies have proven the efficiency of the isotopic signal of water (5180). To date, there has been no assessment of the aforementioned method within closely related grasslands species. For this study, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium multiflorum plants were grown in nutrient solution and the delta O-18 of different plant compartments were compared to the delta O-18 of the solution under both high and low transpiration conditions. In both species, the basal part of the tillers, excluding the eldest sheath, closely reflected the isotopic water composition of the nutrient solution, whereas other parts of the plant exhibited a significant enrichment in O-18 as a consequence of transpiration. In a second experiment, using the genetic variability within plants obtained from crossing E arundinacea with Lolium multiflorum, the study explored the variability of the depth of water extraction and delta O-18 under conditions of soil water deficit. A plant nursery of hybrids was established in a greenhouse with plants sewn directly in the soil. Ten neutron probe access tubes were placed close to ten individual plants, which were sampled twice at 38 day intervals, following a period of 14 and 52 days of water deprivation. On these same dates, soil samples were extracted down to 1 meter in the vicinity of the 10 studied plants. Water was fully extracted from both plant and soil samples and the isotopic composition was measured. The predawn leaf water potential exhibited large variations in water status among the ten plants studied. The measured plant delta O-18 were similar to the values computed from estimated soil water extraction profiles (using neutron probe measurements) and soil delta O-18 of the soil water profile. On the second date of sampling, the delta O-18 and leaf water potentials of three individual plants (L. multiflorum) were observed throughout the day, revealing a gradual decrease in 180 content as the plant water potential decreased. The role of short term changes in the soil-root hydraulic conductance on depth of water extraction is discussed in this study. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : David AmitranoStéphane GaffetJean-Philippe MaletOlivier Maquaire
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique Géoazur Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique
• Publié dans Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The macroscopic deformation of rocks, at scales ranging from laboratory samples (cm) to rock hillslopes and earth crust (hm to km), is associated with local irreversible processes (cracks/faults propagation and shearing). These movements involve propagation of acoustic wave's which can be observed by remote sensing. Seismic monitoring during strain progression can help our understanding of rock behaviour and lead to the recognition of failure precursors. Although of significant potential, this observational tool has had only limited application in the study of gravitational instabilities such as landslides. This paper presents seismic monitoring data acquired on a mudslide located in the South French Alps. Results show that recordable seismicity exists in the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz associated with landslide deformation. Acceleration of landslide movement is controlled by rainfall and appears to be well correlated with seismic activity. The origin of the seismicity is attributed to shearing of the moving mass at the interface with the in-situ stable bedrock. Spectral analysis of the seismic wave reveals that the range 0.1-1 Hz is the most sensitive to the variations in landslide velocity. The results emphasize the strong potential of seismic monitoring for improving our understanding of mechanisms controlling rock mass deformation and gravitational instability. The determination of operational failure precursors based on seismic monitoring has yet to be achieved but remains a major target of future research.

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Fichiers liés : Amitrano_et_al_BSGF_final.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe BriandJean-Pierre LepeltierJaime San Martin
• Organismes : Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes Laboratoire de Statistique et Processus Centre de modélisation mathématique / Centro de Modelamiento Matemático [Santiago] Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática [Santiago] Centre de modélisation mathématique / Centro de Modelamiento Matemático [Santiago]
• Publié dans Bernoulli le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : In this paper we study one-dimensional BSDE's whose coefficient f is monotonic in y and non-Lipschitz in z. We obtain a general existence result when f has at most quadratic growth in z and is bounded. We study the special case f (t, y, z) = vertical bar z vertical bar(p) where p is an element of (1, 2]. Finally, we study the case f has a linear growth in z, general growth in y and is not necessarily bounded.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Ivan FaveroAlice BerthelotGuillaume CassaboisChristophe VoisinClaude DelalandePhilippe RoussignolRobson FerreiraJ.-M. Gérard
• Organismes : Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs
• Publié dans Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1998-2015) le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : We report systematic measurements on the broadening of the emission spectrum of single quantum dots as a function of temperature and incident power. Spectral diffusion effects in the motional narrowing regime provide a quantitative interpretation of our experimental results. We show that, at low incident power, the thermal activation of spectral diffusion results in a Lorentzian zero-phonon line with a width that increases linearly with temperature. Our study provides a unified interpretation to the widely debated issue of the dispersion of the data on the temperature dependence of this zero-phonon linewidth. Our explanation is based on an original model where acoustic phonons interact with carriers outside the quantum dot.

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Fichiers liés : Cassabois.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Marie-Helene JeuffroyPhilippe LucasDavid MakowskiJean-Marc MeynardMarie-Pierre PlanckeJean-Paul Bordes
• Organismes : Agronomie Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes Agronomie Département Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement Monsanto International ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris]

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Résumé : Take-all of wheat is caused by a soil-borne fungus (Gaeumannomvces gramlnls var.trltld), which attacks the roots and develops in patches, It is one of the most cammon wheat diseases, notably affecting second and third crops of wheat, leading to major yield losses. Its development depends on numerous factors linked to crop sequences, cultivation techniques, climate and soil type. So far, growers have limited options to prevent the severity of damage caused by take-all to winter wheat crops. Chemical control methods exist, based on the treatment of seeds but have partial efficacy only. Some cultivation techniques are known to reduce take-all incidence and severity and limit its impact on yield but none of them constitutes an efficient method of control on itself. To achieve economically Significant control of this disease, there is thus a need for combining appropriate techniques (cropping practices, fungicide treatment), although with partial efficacy, but showing complementary effects in order to achieve efficient management strategies. Up to now, no decision making tool has been developed to define such management strategy leading to integrated control of take-all of wheat. INRA scientists have used a database containing information from 2S experiments where 2 to 24 cropping systems were tested between 1992 and 2003, to develop 16 models which could predict the incidence of the disease as a function of variables related to the cropping system, soil and climate. They finally chose only three of these models for practical use. These models were combined with a yield simulation module calculating yield loss as a function of the incidence of take-all of wheat. The full models were then used to illustrate a series of applications aimed at answering practical questions which would be of interest to technical institutes and crop protection advisors, such as: the planning of fungicide treatments, comparison of the impact of different crop sequences or crop management on Incidence of the disease and yield losses. These models simulate the dynamics of the disease at the field scale and enable identification of the combinations of farming practices which could limit the effects of take-all, even in a situation favourable to the disease. In order to render the crop less vulnerable to disease and only use chemical control when absolutely necessary

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Sébastien RogerJérôme RollinAurélia BarascuPierre BessonPierre-Ivan RaynalSophie IochmannMing LeiPhilippe BougnouxYves GruelJean-Yves Le Guennec
• Organismes : Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Université de Tours Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Division od Cardiovascular and Endocrine Sciences Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif
• Publié dans International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : Ionic channel activity is involved in fundamental cellular behaviour and participates in cancerous features such as proliferation, migration and invasion which in turn contribute to the metastatic process. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of voltage-gated sodium channels in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Functional voltage-gated sodium channels expression was investigated in normal and non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. The measurement, in patch-clamp conditions, of tetrodotoxin-inhibitable sodium currents indicated that the strongly metastatic cancerous cell lines H23, H460 and Calu-1 possess functional sodium channels while normal and weakly metastatic cell lines do not. While all the cell lines expressed mRNA for numerous sodium channel isoforms, only H23, H460 and Calu-1 cells had a 250 kDa protein corresponding to the functional channel. The other cell lines also had another protein of 230 kDa which is not addressed to the membrane and might act as a dominant negative isoform to prevent channel activation. At the membrane potential of these cells, channels are partially open. This leads to a continuous entry of sodium, disrupting sodium homeostasis and down-stream signaling pathways. Inhibition of the channels by tetrodotoxin was responsible for a 40-50% reduction of in vitro invasion. These experiments suggest that the functional expression of voltage-gated sodium channels might be an integral component of the metastatic process in non-small-cell lung cancer cells probably through its involvement in the regulation of intracellular sodium homeostasis. These channels could serve both as novel markers of the metastatic phenotype and as potential new therapeutic targets.

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Fichiers liés : Roger_et_al_2007.pdf Figures.pdf Tables.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Damien MertzJoseph HemmerléJérôme MuttererSophie OllivierJean-Claude VoegelPierre SchaafPhilippe Lavalle
• Organismes : Biomatériaux : Processus biophysiques et biologiques aux interfaces Faculté de chirurgie dentaire - Robert Frank [Strasbourg] Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes Institut Charles Sadron Biomatériaux : Processus biophysiques et biologiques aux interfaces
• Publié dans Nano Letters le 01/11/2020

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Marie-Christine Bailly-MaîtreMarie-Elise GardelMonique BourinFrédéric LoppeGauthier LangloisBlandine AllabertStéphane AllabertAlain BelmontChristophe BesBillote MichelJean BlancHélène DébaxLisa CalistePhilippe DillmannLaurent FabreMarie-Chantal FerriolMarcel FloutiéMichèle GauJean-Bernard GauCatherine JeanjeanRobert MartyPhilippe PoirierNicolas PortetPhilippe SatgéFrancis TollonCatherine VernaJean Zanca
• Organismes : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Amicale Laïque de Carcassonne Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - École d'histoire de la Sorbonne Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Laboratoire d'archéologie médiévale méditerranéenne Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés France, Amériques, Espagne, Sociétés, Pouvoirs, Acteurs Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190 Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Archives départementales de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération IRAMAT - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Université de Montpellier Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Centre de recherches historiques : histoire des pouvoirs, savoirs et sociétés

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Résumé : Extrait de la préface de Monique Bourin : (...) Dès lors, le programme du PCR 25, « La pierre, le métal, l’eau et le bois. Économie castrale en territoire audois, XIe-XIVe siècles » comble une lacune, tout compte fait surprenante, des recherches consacrées au castrum. L’industrie extractive des pierres (notamment celle des meules) et des minerais, les activités de transformation (production de chaux et travail des métaux), les aménagements que ces activités contribuent à faire naître et à développer pour utiliser au mieux les ressources en bois et en eau constituent donc une thématique essentielle et inexplicablement laissée de côté jusqu’ici dans la région. La démarche interdisciplinaire d’une archéologie qui prend en compte, à côté des données des fouilles, celles des textes et celles des analyses paléoenvironnementales en assure la méthode. On comprendra sans doute mieux la richesse de ces castra, richesse qui surprenait tant qu’on la cherchait dans les activités agricoles : les terroirs de ces castra sont maigres. Leur fortune est ailleurs. Et on comprendra sans doute mieux aussi cette impression de progrès à l’envers, de « décroissance » entre le XIIe et le XVIe siècle : il n’est pas sûr qu’elle soit représentative d’une sorte de décadence générale ou de vulgarisation de la consommation. Elle est peut-être liée à l’histoire même de ces castra et au déplacement vers d’autres sites des activités qui en faisaient la richesse. Cet ouvrage nous conduit donc tout à la fois au cœur d’une économie d’extraction et de transformation essentielle à la richesse régionale, mais peut-être aussi, à partir de ces exemples audois, à bien saisir les spécificités de cette richesse médiévale des castra des « montagnes ».

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe Minard
• Organismes : Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Economie

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe Moulis
• Organismes : Religions et croyances LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190
• Publié dans Dossiers Généalogiques le 30/03/2025

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