Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Yanick SarazinVirginie GrandgirardGuilhem Dif-PradalierEmmanuel FleurenceXavier GarbetPhilippe GhendrihPierre BertrandNicolas BesseNicolas CrouseillesEric SonnendrückerGuillaume LatuÉric Violard
• Organismes : Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique Association EURATOM-CEA Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique Institut Jean Lamour Scientific computation and visualization Institut Élie Cartan de Nancy Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée Scientific computation and visualization Scientific computation and visualization Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique
• Publié dans Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : The impact of large scale flows on turbulent transport in magnetized plasmas is explored by means of various kinetic models. Zonal flows are found to lead to a non-linear upshift of turbulent transport in a 3D kinetic model for interchange turbulence. Such a transition is absent from fluid simulations, performed with the same numerical tool, which also predict a much larger transport. The discrepancy cannot be explained by zonal flows only, despite they being overdamped in fluids. Indeed, some difference remains, although reduced, when they are artificially suppressed. Zonal flows are also reported to trigger transport barriers in a 4D drift-kinetic model for slab ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence. The density gradient acts as a source drive for zonal flows, while their curvature back stabilizes the turbulence. Finally, 5D simulations of toroidal ITG modes with the global and full-f GYSELA code require the equilibrium density function to depend on the motion invariants only. If not, the generated strong mean flows can completely quench turbulent transport.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Patricia de RosnayJean-Christophe CalvetYann H. KerrWigneron J.-P.François LemaîtreMaria Jose EscorihuelaJ. Muñoz SabaterKauzar Saleh ContellJoël BarriéGilles BouhoursLaurent CoretGuy CherelGérard DedieuRoger DurbeNour Ed Dine FritzFrancis FroissardJoost HoedjesAlain KruszewskiFrançois LavenuDavid SuquiaPhilippe Waldteufel
• Organismes : Service d'aéronomie
• Publié dans Remote Sensing of Environment le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The primary goal of the SMOS mission is to deliver global fields of sea surface salinity and surface soil moisture using L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometry. Within the context of the preparation of SMOS activities over land, a field campaign, SMOSREX (Surface Monitoring Of the Soil Reservoir EXperiment), has been in operation since January 2001 in Mauzac, near Toulouse in France. Continuous ground measurements of meteorological variables, soil moisture and temperature profiles have been taken over bare soil and a grass plot left fallow. Since January 2003, SMOSREX has been providing accurate field measurements of dual polarized L-band brightness temperature up-welling from both bare soil and fallow plots, together with multi-spectral (from visible to infrared frequencies) remote sensing surface data. The scientific objectives are presented in this paper and the corresponding experimental design is described. The experimental concept is totally new since (i) SMOSREX combines land–surface–atmosphere observations, passive microwave measurements and VIS to NIR remote sensing, (ii) SMOSREX is based on highly accurate L-band measurements carried out by a radiometer specifically designed for the experiment, and (iii) SMOSREX provides a unique continuous data set of L-band measurements over several years. The characteristics of the L-band emission are presented at diurnal, seasonal and annual temporal scales, and the emissions are compared over bare soil and natural grass. The surface emissions over bare soil and fallow area are shown to be counter-phased at the diurnal scale due to small variations in vegetation water content and bare soil surface moisture. Innovative long term results using L-band measurements for both bare soil and natural grass are presented in this paper, and the relationship between the surface emission at L-band and surface bare soil moisture is shown to be suitable for a long term period (19 months). Soil freezing is shown to be drastically different for bare soil and vegetation covered plots, with a large threshold effect on microwave surface emission.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Alice BerthelotIvan FaveroGuillaume CassaboisChristophe VoisinClaude DelalandePhilippe RoussignolJ.-M. Gérard
• Organismes : Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Fabienne LaugerettePatricia Passilly-DegraceBruno PatrisIsabelle NiotJean-Pierre MontmayeurPhilippe Besnard
• Organismes : Centre des Sciences du Goût Centre des Sciences du Goût Centre des Sciences du Goût Centre des Sciences du Goût Centre des Sciences du Goût Centre des Sciences du Goût
• Publié dans Médecine/Sciences le 25/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Sébastien JudéSébastien RogerEric MartelPierre BessonSerge RichardPhilippe BougnouxPascal ChamperouxJean-Yves Le Guennec
• Organismes : Centre de Recherches Biologiques Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre de Recherches Biologiques Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre de Recherches Biologiques Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre de Recherches Biologiques Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif
• Publié dans Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : The relationship between high fish consumption and low mortality following coronary heart disease (CHD) and low incidence of breast cancer was first mentioned 3 decades ago. The fishes of interest are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which could be the active nutrients. The current consensus about cardioprotection is that omega-3 LC-PUFAs would mainly exert antiarrhythmic effects. One of the proposed mechanisms is that circulating non-esterified LC-PUFAs partition into cardiac cells membrane phospholipids and exert a direct effect on ionic channels and/or modify intracellular calcium homeostasis. In another hypothesis, changes in the metabolism of phosphoinositides would be involved and lead to the differential activation of PKC isoforms. As compared to the mechanisms proposed for the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 LC-PUFAs, less is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in breast cancers prevention. Some proposed mechanisms such as the modulation of phosphoinositides metabolism and/or modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, are common to both pathologies. Other hypotheses involve the alteration of the cellular redox status induced by highly peroxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA), or the modulation of gene expression, both phenomena being tightly linked to apoptosis. In this review, we report and compare some proposed mechanisms for the involvement of omega-3 LC-PUFAs in both cardiac and breast cancer protection. Deliberately, we chose to discuss only the mechanisms, which are less described in other reviews such as ionic channels in cancer, calcium homeostasis, PKC activation or matrix metalloproteinases in both cancer and cardiac models. The leitmotiv along this review is that cardio- and cancero-protective effects use common pathways. Comparison of the cellular effects might therefore help to highlight the "protective" pathways.

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Fichiers liés : Jude_et_al_rev1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Laurence Goux-CapesArianna FiloramoDenis CôteJean-Philippe BourgoinJean-Noël Patillon
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire
• Publié dans Physica Status Solidi A (applications and materials science) le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : We present a simple and versatile method for linking single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) together through DNA by non-covalent chemistry using streptavidin-biotin recognition complex. Streptavidin coated SWNTs are reacted with biotin or bis-biotin ended DNA double strands leading to SWNT-DNA and SWNT-DNA-SWNT adducts in high yield. This method avoids strong acidic treatment of SWNTs prior to functionalization as usually required in covalent routes. Complementary characterizations by gel electrophoresis and AFM demonstrated the efficiency of the present binding method. In addition, SWNTs bound to DNA can be aligned on a substrate using the combing properties of DNA strands, bringing a new tool into the toolkit for self-assembling SWNTs onto surfaces.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Pierre BeckM. ChaussidonJean-Alix BarratPhilippe GilletMarcel Bohn
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques Institut d'étude de la mer Domaines Océaniques Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Microsonde Ouest Domaines Océaniques
• Publié dans Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : Ion-microprobe was used to measure Li abundances and isotopic compositions in pyroxenes from three Martian meteorites belonging to the nakhlite family. The profiles performed across augite crystals from Northwest Africa 817 show a large isotopic zoning from crystal cores (δ7Li not, vert, similar 0‰) to rims (δ7Li not, vert, similar +20‰) while Li abundances are almost constant (not, vert, similar9.2 μg/g). Unlike NWA 817, the pyroxene studied in the Miller Range 03346 nakhlite shows a zoning in Li abundance, with concentrations increasing from not, vert, similar2.5 μg/g in the core to not, vert, similar9 μg/g in the rim. The augite rim (δ7Li = +7‰) is slightly enriched in 7Li with regard to the core (δ7Li = +4‰), but most of the isotopic variations observed occur at an intermediate position along the profile, where δ7Li falls down to not, vert, similar−11‰. In the case of Nakhla, Li concentrations in augite increase from cores (not, vert, similar3.5 μg/g) to rims (not, vert, similar6.5 μg/g), while the δ7Li variation is restricted (i.e., between δ7Li = +6.0 and +12.6‰). For the three meteorites the Li abundances were also measured in the groundmass, which was found to be enriched in lithium (not, vert, similar10 μg/g). Conventional magmatic and post-magmatic processes such as alteration and fractional crystallization, fail to explain the dataset obtained on nakhlites. Degassing processes, which were previously proposed to explain the Li distribution in shergottite crystals, cannot result in the strong decoupling between Li abundances and isotopic composition observed in nakhlites. We suggest that the original magmatic Li distributions (concentrations and isotopic compositions) in nakhlites have been modified by diffusion of Li from the Li-rich groundmass towards the pyroxene crystals during sub-solidus cooling. Diffusion appears to have been efficient for NWA 817 and MIL 03346 but, apparently, did not produce a significant migration of Li in Nakhla, possibly because of the lower abundance of groundmass in the latter. Diffusion induced Li redistributions may also affect terrestrial porphyric rocks but very specific cooling rates are required to quench the diffusion profiles as observed in two of the present nakhlites.

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Fichiers liés : publication-1955.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Aude PicardPhilippe OgerIsabelle DanielHervé CardonGilles MontagnacJean-Claude Chervin
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés
• Publié dans Journal of Applied Physics le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : We present an optical pressure sensor suitable for experiments in diamond anvil cell in the 0.1 MPa–2 GPa pressure range, for temperatures between ambient and 323 K. It is based on the pressure-dependent fluorescence spectrum of FluoSpheres®, which are commercially available fluorescent microspheres commonly used to measure blood flow in experimental biology. The fluorescence of microspheres is excited by the 514.5 nm line of an Ar+ laser, and the resulting spectrum displays three very intense broad bands at 534, 558, and 598 nm, respectively. The reference wavelength and pressure gauge is that of the first inflection point of the spectrum, located at 525.6±0.2 nm at ambient pressure. It is characterized by an instantaneous and large linear pressure shift of 9.93(±0.08) nm/GPa. The fluorescence of the FluoSpheres® has been investigated as a function of pressure (0.1–4 GPa), temperature (295–343 K), pH (3–12), salinity, and pressure transmitting medium. These measurements show that, for pressures comprised between 0.1 MPa and 2 GPa, at temperatures not exceeding 323 K, at any pH, in aqueous pressure transmitting media, pressure can be calculated from the wavelength shift of two to three beads, according to the relation P=0.100 (±0.001) Deltalambdai(P) with Deltalambdai(P)=lambdai(P)–lambdai(0) and lambdai(P) as the wavelength of the first inflection point of the spectrum at the pressure P. This pressure sensor is approximately thirty times more sensitive than the ruby scale and responds instantaneously to pressure variations.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : George FlynnPierre BleuetJanet BorgJohn BradleyFrank BrenkerSean BrennanJohn BridgesDon BrownleeEmma . BullockManfred BurghammerBenton ClarkZu Rong DaiCharles DaghlianZahia DjouadiSirine FakraTristan FerroirChristine FlossIan FranchiZack GainsforthJean-Paul GallienPhilippe GilletPatrick GrantGiles GrahamSimon GreenFaustine GrossemyPhilipp HeckGregory HerzogPeter HoppeFriedrich HörzJoachim HuthKonstantin IgnatyevHope IshiiKoen JanssensDavid JoswiakAnton KearsleyHicham KhodjaAntonio LanzirottiJan LeitnerLaurence LemelleHugues LerouxKatharina LueningGlenn MacphersonKuljeet MarhasMatthew A. MarcusGraciela MatrajtTomoki NakamuraKeiko Nakamura-MessengerTsukasa NakanoMatthew NewvilleDimitri PapanastassiouPiero PianettaWilliam RaoChristian RiekelFrans RietmeijerDetlef RostCraig SchwandtThomas SeeJulie Sheffield-ParkerAlexandre SimionoviciIlona SitnitskyChristopher SneadFrank StadermannThomas StephanRhonda StroudJean SusiniYoshio SuzukiStephen SuttonSusan M. TaylorNick TeslichDavid TroadecPeter TsouAkira TsuchiyamaKentaro UesugiBart VekemansEdward VicenziLaszlo VinczeAndrew WestphalPenelope WozniakiewiczErnst ZinnerMichael Zolensky
• Organismes : European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Advanced Light Source [LBNL Berkeley] Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Institut d'astrophysique spatiale Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre Advanced Light Source [LBNL Berkeley] European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520
• Publié dans Science le 22/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : M. FajardoPhilippe ZeitounGabriel FaivreStéphane SebbanT. MocekA. HallouD. AubertPh. BalcouF. BurgyD. DouilletPascal MercereAnne-Sophie MorlensJean-Philippe RousseauC. ValentinSophie KazamiasG. De Lachèze-MurelT. LefrouHamed MerdjiS. Le PapeMarie-Françoise Ravet-KrillFranck DelmotteJulien Gautier
• Organismes : Centro de Física dos Plasmas Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Imagine Optic Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses DAM Île-de-France Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop
• Publié dans Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : High harmonic amplification is shown in an optical-field ionized X-ray laser. The 4d-4p X-ray line of Kr8+ at 32.8 nm, which has a close match to the 25th harmonic of the infrared laser, was amplified up to 200 times. The energy-extraction regime was also achieved, which depended on the level of seeding. This second-generation X-ray laser is fully polarized, has low divergence and shows a high degree of coherence. The duration is also expected to be short, fulfilling the requirements for an ultra-intense tabletop X-ray laser. Conditions for higher energy output are also suggested.

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