Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Eric GloaguenYannick BranquetPhilippe BoulvaisY. MoëloJean-Jacques ChauvelP.J. ChiapperoEric Marcoux
• Organismes : Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Géosciences Rennes Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel Géosciences Rennes Minéralogie, Pétrologie Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans
• Publié dans Mineralium Deposita le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : In the Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux quarry (Armorican Hercynian belt, western France), an epigenetic hydrothermal alteration affects an oolitic ironstone layer intercalated within the Lower Ordovician Grès armoricain Formation. The hydrothermal overprint produced pervasive and massive sulphidation with stratoid pyritized lenticular bodies within the oolitic ironstone layer. These sulphide lenses are spatially associated with strike-slip faults and extend laterally from them. Following the massive sulphidation stage (Fe-As, stage 1), subsequent fracturing allowed the deposition of base metals (stage 2) and Pb-Sb-Au (stage 3) parageneses in veins. The dominant brittle structures are vertical extension veins, conjugate shear veins and strike-slip faults of various orders. All these structures are filled with the same paragenetic sequence. Deformation analysis allows the identification of structures that developed incrementally via right lateral simple shear compatible with bulk strain affecting the Central Armorican Domain. Each increment corresponds to a fracture set filled with specific parageneses. Successive hydrothermal pulses reflect clockwise rotation of the horizontal shortening direction. Geothermometry on chlorite and arsenopyrite shows an input of hot hydrothermal fluids (maximum of 390-350°C) during the main sulphide stage 1. The subsequent stages present a marked temperature drop (300-275°C). Lead isotopes suggest that the lead source is similar for all hydrothermal stages and corresponds to the underlying Neo-proterozoic basement. Lead isotope data, relative ages of deformation and comparison with neighbouring deposits suggest large-scale fluid pulses occurred during the whole Hercynian orogeny rather than pulses restricted to the late Hercynian period. The vicinity of the Hercynian internal domain appears as a key-control for deformation and fluid flow in the oolitic ironstones which acted as a chemical and structural trap for the hydrothermal fluids. The epigenetic mineralization of Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux appears to be very similar to epigenetic sulphidation described in BIF-hosted gold deposits.

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Fichiers liés : Gloaguen-MineraliumDeposita-2007.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Marie-Helene JeuffroyPhilippe LucasDavid MakowskiJean-Marc MeynardMarie-Pierre PlanckeJean-Paul Bordes
• Organismes : Agronomie Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes Agronomie Département Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement Monsanto International ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris]

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Résumé : Take-all of wheat is caused by a soil-borne fungus (Gaeumannomvces gramlnls var.trltld), which attacks the roots and develops in patches, It is one of the most cammon wheat diseases, notably affecting second and third crops of wheat, leading to major yield losses. Its development depends on numerous factors linked to crop sequences, cultivation techniques, climate and soil type. So far, growers have limited options to prevent the severity of damage caused by take-all to winter wheat crops. Chemical control methods exist, based on the treatment of seeds but have partial efficacy only. Some cultivation techniques are known to reduce take-all incidence and severity and limit its impact on yield but none of them constitutes an efficient method of control on itself. To achieve economically Significant control of this disease, there is thus a need for combining appropriate techniques (cropping practices, fungicide treatment), although with partial efficacy, but showing complementary effects in order to achieve efficient management strategies. Up to now, no decision making tool has been developed to define such management strategy leading to integrated control of take-all of wheat. INRA scientists have used a database containing information from 2S experiments where 2 to 24 cropping systems were tested between 1992 and 2003, to develop 16 models which could predict the incidence of the disease as a function of variables related to the cropping system, soil and climate. They finally chose only three of these models for practical use. These models were combined with a yield simulation module calculating yield loss as a function of the incidence of take-all of wheat. The full models were then used to illustrate a series of applications aimed at answering practical questions which would be of interest to technical institutes and crop protection advisors, such as: the planning of fungicide treatments, comparison of the impact of different crop sequences or crop management on Incidence of the disease and yield losses. These models simulate the dynamics of the disease at the field scale and enable identification of the combinations of farming practices which could limit the effects of take-all, even in a situation favourable to the disease. In order to render the crop less vulnerable to disease and only use chemical control when absolutely necessary

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Florence RaynalAurélien BeufFrédéric PlazaJulian F. ScottPhilippe CarrièreMichel CabreraJ.-P. CloarecÉliane Souteyrand
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique INL - Lab-On-Chip et Instrumentation INL - Chimie et Nanobiotechnologies INL - Chimie et Nanobiotechnologies
• Publié dans Physics of Fluids le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : Numerical studies for two protocols of micromixing based on chaotic advection to improve DNA chip hybridization are presented. The first protocol uses syringes; the other one, pumps. For both protocols, numerical Poincaré sections and Lyapunov exponents of the three-dimensional, time-periodic flow are investigated as functions of the period. Model experiments also confirm numerical results. Homogeneity of the dispersion of particles inside the chamber is of primary importance to achieve best chip reliability: although global chaos was obtained for both protocols, we find that the one employing the pumps is more likely to achieve better and more rapid hybridization.

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Fichiers liés : Raynal_POF_2007.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-Louis DurandThierry BariacMarc GhesquièrePhilippe BironPatricia RichardM. HumphreysZ. Zwierzykovski
• Organismes : Unité de recherche d'Écophysiologie des Plantes Fourragères Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Unité de recherche Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux Institute for Genetic and Environment Research Institute of Plant Genetics
• Publié dans Environmental and Experimental Botany le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : The depth of water extraction is a key trait in grassland species. For comparing individual plant forms in the field, different ecological studies have proven the efficiency of the isotopic signal of water (5180). To date, there has been no assessment of the aforementioned method within closely related grasslands species. For this study, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium multiflorum plants were grown in nutrient solution and the delta O-18 of different plant compartments were compared to the delta O-18 of the solution under both high and low transpiration conditions. In both species, the basal part of the tillers, excluding the eldest sheath, closely reflected the isotopic water composition of the nutrient solution, whereas other parts of the plant exhibited a significant enrichment in O-18 as a consequence of transpiration. In a second experiment, using the genetic variability within plants obtained from crossing E arundinacea with Lolium multiflorum, the study explored the variability of the depth of water extraction and delta O-18 under conditions of soil water deficit. A plant nursery of hybrids was established in a greenhouse with plants sewn directly in the soil. Ten neutron probe access tubes were placed close to ten individual plants, which were sampled twice at 38 day intervals, following a period of 14 and 52 days of water deprivation. On these same dates, soil samples were extracted down to 1 meter in the vicinity of the 10 studied plants. Water was fully extracted from both plant and soil samples and the isotopic composition was measured. The predawn leaf water potential exhibited large variations in water status among the ten plants studied. The measured plant delta O-18 were similar to the values computed from estimated soil water extraction profiles (using neutron probe measurements) and soil delta O-18 of the soil water profile. On the second date of sampling, the delta O-18 and leaf water potentials of three individual plants (L. multiflorum) were observed throughout the day, revealing a gradual decrease in 180 content as the plant water potential decreased. The role of short term changes in the soil-root hydraulic conductance on depth of water extraction is discussed in this study. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : David AmitranoStéphane GaffetJean-Philippe MaletOlivier Maquaire
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique Géoazur Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique
• Publié dans Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The macroscopic deformation of rocks, at scales ranging from laboratory samples (cm) to rock hillslopes and earth crust (hm to km), is associated with local irreversible processes (cracks/faults propagation and shearing). These movements involve propagation of acoustic wave's which can be observed by remote sensing. Seismic monitoring during strain progression can help our understanding of rock behaviour and lead to the recognition of failure precursors. Although of significant potential, this observational tool has had only limited application in the study of gravitational instabilities such as landslides. This paper presents seismic monitoring data acquired on a mudslide located in the South French Alps. Results show that recordable seismicity exists in the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz associated with landslide deformation. Acceleration of landslide movement is controlled by rainfall and appears to be well correlated with seismic activity. The origin of the seismicity is attributed to shearing of the moving mass at the interface with the in-situ stable bedrock. Spectral analysis of the seismic wave reveals that the range 0.1-1 Hz is the most sensitive to the variations in landslide velocity. The results emphasize the strong potential of seismic monitoring for improving our understanding of mechanisms controlling rock mass deformation and gravitational instability. The determination of operational failure precursors based on seismic monitoring has yet to be achieved but remains a major target of future research.

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Fichiers liés : Amitrano_et_al_BSGF_final.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean Baptiste TraversacMagali AubertJean-Pierre LaportePhilippe Perrier-Cornet
• Organismes : Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs

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Résumé : Dans un contexte de fortes incertitudes sur les marchés, de surproduction sur certains d'entre eux et, plus généralement, d'interrogations sur le positionnement concurrentiel du secteur viticole national, ce chapitre fait le point sur l'ensemble des évolutions structurelles de la viticulture française, à partir des statistiques des recensements et enquêtes du SCEES portant sur l'ensemble des exploitations viticoles sur la période 1998-2005. Les évolutions structurelles de la viticulture française ces dernières années confirment les grandes tendances observées depuis un quart de siècle. Le nombre des exploitations diminue, le vignoble se concentre et les exploitations se spécialisent. Le travail salarié et l'intégration de fonctions aval par les producteurs s'affirment comme un trait distinctif du secteur. La viticulture se distingue aussi par des processus de renouvellement particulier laissant une place plus large à de nouveaux entrants, qui bien que n'étant pas originaires du secteur, y investissent des capitaux et des savoir-faire. La synthèse de ces différents processus, par ailleurs largement contrastés selon les régions, conduit à quelques réflexions sur les orientations de l'intervention publique dans le secteur, en regard des mutations actuelles.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Sébastien RogerJérôme RollinAurélia BarascuPierre BessonPierre-Ivan RaynalSophie IochmannMing LeiPhilippe BougnouxYves GruelJean-Yves Le Guennec
• Organismes : Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Université de Tours Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Division od Cardiovascular and Endocrine Sciences Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Niche, Nutrition, Cancer et métabolisme oxydatif
• Publié dans International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : Ionic channel activity is involved in fundamental cellular behaviour and participates in cancerous features such as proliferation, migration and invasion which in turn contribute to the metastatic process. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of voltage-gated sodium channels in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Functional voltage-gated sodium channels expression was investigated in normal and non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. The measurement, in patch-clamp conditions, of tetrodotoxin-inhibitable sodium currents indicated that the strongly metastatic cancerous cell lines H23, H460 and Calu-1 possess functional sodium channels while normal and weakly metastatic cell lines do not. While all the cell lines expressed mRNA for numerous sodium channel isoforms, only H23, H460 and Calu-1 cells had a 250 kDa protein corresponding to the functional channel. The other cell lines also had another protein of 230 kDa which is not addressed to the membrane and might act as a dominant negative isoform to prevent channel activation. At the membrane potential of these cells, channels are partially open. This leads to a continuous entry of sodium, disrupting sodium homeostasis and down-stream signaling pathways. Inhibition of the channels by tetrodotoxin was responsible for a 40-50% reduction of in vitro invasion. These experiments suggest that the functional expression of voltage-gated sodium channels might be an integral component of the metastatic process in non-small-cell lung cancer cells probably through its involvement in the regulation of intracellular sodium homeostasis. These channels could serve both as novel markers of the metastatic phenotype and as potential new therapeutic targets.

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Fichiers liés : Roger_et_al_2007.pdf Figures.pdf Tables.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe ReinertJean-Yves Chane-ChingLucy BullRodolphe DagiralPatrick BatailRegis LaurentAnne-Marie CaminadeJean-Pierre Majoral
• Organismes : Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel Centre de Recherche Rhodia Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel Laboratoire de chimie de coordination Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel Laboratoire de chimie de coordination Laboratoire de chimie de coordination Laboratoire de chimie de coordination
• Publié dans New Journal of Chemistry le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : The concomitant use of polycationic dendrimers and cationic surfactants for the elaboration of periodic mesoporous silica of type MCM-41 is described. The hexagonal structure is preserved up to about 26% in weight of dendrimer included in the silica. The cationic surfactant can be selectively removed to liberate the pores, while preserving the non-covalently incorporated dendrimers. These dendrimers included in the mesoporous silica are fully accessible through the mesoporous volume to small molecules such as HCl and tetrahydrofuran.

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Fichiers liés : Reinert_2617

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Sonia ZineJacqueline BoutinPhilippe WaldteufelJean-Luc VergelyThierry PellarinPascal Lazure
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement Direction de l'Environnement et de l'Aménagement Littoral
• Publié dans IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : This paper aims at studying the quality of the sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieved from soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) data in coastal areas. These areas are characterized by strong and variable SSS gradients [several practical salinity units (psu)] on relatively small scales: the extent of river plumes is highly variable, typically at kilometric and daily scales. Monitoring this variability from SMOS measurements is particularly challenging because of their resolution (typically 30-100 km) and because of the contamination by the nearby land. A set of academic tests was conducted with a linear coastline and constant geophysical parameters, and more realistic tests were conducted over the Bay of Biscay. The bias of the retrieved SSS has been analyzed, as well as the root mean square (rms) of the bias, and the retrieved SSS compared to a numerical hydrodynamic model in the semirealistic case. The academic study showed that the Blackman apodization window provides the best compromise in terms of magnitude and fluctuations of the bias of the retrieved SSS. Whatever the type of vegetation cover, a strong negative bias, greater than 1 psu, was found when nearer than 36 km from the coast. Between 44 and 80 km, the type of vegetation cover has an impact of less than a factor 2 on the bias, and no influence further than 80 km from the coast. The semirealistic study conducted in the Bay of Biscay showed a bias over ten days lower than 0.2 psu for distances greater than 47 km, due to an averaging over various geometries (coastline orientation, swath orientation, etc.). The bias showed a weak dependence on the location of the grid point within the swath. Despite the noise on the retrieved SSS, contrasts due to the plume of the Loire River and the Gironde estuary remained detectable on ten-day averaged maps with an rms of 0.57 psu. Finally, imposing thresholds on the major axis of the measurements brought little improvement to the bias, whereas it increased the rms and- could lead to strong swath restriction: a 49-km threshold on the major axis resulted in an effective swath of 800-900 km instead of 1200 km.

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Patrick WagnonJean-Emmanuel SicartL. MaisinchoBernard FrancouPatrick GinotJean-Philippe ChazarinVincent FavierPierre Ribstein
• Organismes : Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement

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