Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Philippe SorrelSperanta-Maria PopescuM.J. HeadJean-Pierre SucStephan KlotzH. Oberhänsli
• Organismes : German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere
• Publié dans Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : The Aral Sea Basin is a critical area for studying the influence of climate and anthropogenic impact on the development of hydrographic conditions in an endorheic basin. We present organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst analyses with a sampling resolution of 15 to 20 years from a core retrieved at Chernyshov Bay in the NW Large Aral Sea (Kazakhstan). Cysts are present throughout, but species richness is low (seven taxa). The dominant morphotypes are Lingulodinium machaerophorum with varied process length and Impagidinium caspienense, a species recently described from the Caspian Sea. Subordinate species are Caspidinium rugosum, Romanodinium areolatum, Spiniferites cruciformis, cysts of Pentapharsodinium dalei, and round brownish protoperidiniacean cysts. The chlorococcalean algae Botryococcus and Pediastrum are taken to represent freshwater inflow into the Aral Sea. The data are used to reconstruct salinity as expressed in lake level changes during the past 2000 years. We quantify and date for the first time prominent salinity variations from the northern part of the Large Aral Sea. During high lake levels, I. caspienense, representing brackish conditions with salinities of about 10-15 g kg-¹ or less, prevails. Assemblages dominated by L. machaerophorum document lake lowstands during approximately 0-425 AD (or 100? BC-425 AD), 920-1230 AD, 1500 AD, 1600-1650 AD, 1800 AD and since the 1960s. Because salinity in the Aral Sea is mostly controlled by meltwater discharges from the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers, we interpret changes in salinity levels as a proxy for temperature fluctuations in the Tien Shan Mountains that control snow melt. Significant erosion of marine Palaeogene and Neogene deposits in the hinterland, evidenced between 1230 AD and 1400 AD, is regarded as sheet-wash from shore. This is controlled by the low pressure system that develops over the Eastern Mediterranean and brings moist air to the Middle East and Central Asia during late spring and summer. We propose that the recorded environmental changes are related primarily to climate, but perhaps to a lesser extent by humancontrolled irrigation activities. Our results documenting climate change in western Central Asia are fairly consistent with reports elsewhere from Central Asia.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : S. RoquetA. CravinoPhilippe LericheOlivier AlévêquePierre FrèreJean Roncali
• Organismes : Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers
• Publié dans Journal of the American Chemical Society le 30/10/2020

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Fichiers liés : 2006 - JACS - Triphenylamine-Thienylenevinylene Hybrid Systems with Internal Charge Transfer as Donor Materials for Heterojunction Solar Cells.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Nilanjana Deb-JoardarNatacha GermainGilles ThuretPierre ManoliPhilippe GainLuc MillotYann GavetBruno EstourAnne-Frédérique Garcin
• Organismes : Service d’Ophtalmologie [CHU Saint-Etienne] Service d'Endocrinologie de l'adulte Service d’Ophtalmologie [CHU Saint-Etienne] Service d’Ophtalmologie [CHU Saint-Etienne] Service d’Ophtalmologie [CHU Saint-Etienne] Service d'Endocrinologie de l'adulte Centre Ingénierie et Santé Département Imagerie et Statistiques Laboratoire des Procédés en Milieux Granulaires Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie de la Santé Service d'Endocrinologie de l'adulte
• Publié dans American Journal of Ophthalmology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Purpose To assess the effects of pupillary dilation on image quality and certitude of screening diabetic retinopathy by trained endocrinologists using a digital nonmydriatic camera. Design Prospective, comparative, observational case series. Methods One hundred fifty patients with diabetes attending a hospital-based photographic screening clinic had five-field (45 degree) digital retinal imaging and mosaic construction, first through dark-adapted pupils, then after a single application of tropicamide 1%. The 600 sets of images (150 patients, 300 eyes, before and after dilation) were graded independently and in a blinded manner by two endocrinologists and two ophthalmologists, with the consensual opinion on dilated images of the latter serving as the gold standard. The criteria of evaluation were assessment of image quality and certitude of detecting and grading retinopathy. Results Of 300 eyes, pharmacological mydriasis improved image quality, with an increase in the number of eyes with five good images from seven to 160 and good-quality mosaics from 99 to 233. Dilation allowed better identification of maculopathy in the second eye because there was a decrease in ungradeable central images from 127 to 15 eyes. Dilation increased the number of eyes having retinopathy detected with certainty from 153 to 252 and graded with certainty from 173 to 277. No adverse effects were recorded. Conclusions Single application of tropicamide 1% significantly improves image quality and certitude of screening diabetic retinopathy with nonmydriatic camera by endocrinologists.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Andreas KlumppWolfgang AnselGabriele KlumppPhilippe VergneNicolas SifakisMaria-José SanzStine RasmussenHelge Ro-PoulsenAngela RibasJosep PenuelasHarry KambezidisShang HeJean-Pierre J.-P. GarrecVicent Calatayud
• Organismes : Universität Hohenheim = University of Hohenheim Universität Hohenheim = University of Hohenheim Universität Hohenheim = University of Hohenheim École normale supérieure - Cachan Jardin Botanique de Lyon National Observatory of Athens Fundación CEAM University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet Chinese Academy of Forestry Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] Fundación CEAM
• Publié dans Atmospheric Environment le 23/10/2020

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Résumé : Within the scope of a biomonitoring study conducted in twelve urban agglomerations in eight European countries, the ozone-sensitive bioindicator plant Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bel-W3 was employed in order to assess the occurrence of phytotoxic ozone effects at urban, suburban, rural and traffic-exposed sites. The tobacco plants were exposed to ambient air for biweekly periods at up to 100 biomonitoring sites from 2000 to 2002. Special emphasis was placed upon methodological standardisation of plant cultivation, field exposure and injury assessment. Ozone-induced leaf injury showed a clearly increasing gradient from northern and northwestern Europe to central and southern European locations. The strongest ozone impact occurred at the exposure sites in Lyon and Barcelona, while in Edinburgh, Sheffield, Copenhagen and Düsseldorf only weak to moderate ozone effects were registered. Between-site differences within local networks were relatively small, but seasonal and inter-annual differences were strong due to the variability of meteorological conditions and related ozone concentrations. The 2001 data revealed a significant relationship between foliar injury degree and various descriptors of ozone pollution such as mean value, AOT20 and AOT40. Examining individual sites of the local monitoring networks separately, however, yielded noticeable differences. Some sites showed no association between ozone pollution and ozone-induced effects, whereas others featured almost linear relationships. This is because the actual ozone flux into the leaf, which is modified by various environmental factors, rather than ambient ozone concentration determines the effects on plants. The advantage of sensitive bioindicators like tobacco Bel-W3 is that the impact of the effectively absorbed ozone dose can directly be measured.

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre ChauveauJean-Philippe ColinJean-Pierre JacobPhilippe Lavigne DelvillePierre-Yves Le Meur
• Organismes : Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement Groupe de Recherches et d'Echanges Technologiques Groupe de Recherches et d'Echanges Technologiques

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Résumé : Developing effective land policies in West Africa requires a thorough understanding of the issues involved and of the changes taking place on the ground. How are mechanisms to gain access to land and to natural resoures evolving? Are land rights becoming more individualised and "commodified"? These are just some of the questions discussed in this publication. A summary document of the CLAIMS research project "Changes in Land Access, Institutions and Markets in West Africa" coordinated by IIED.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Philippe Moulis
• Organismes : Religions et croyances LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190
• Publié dans Bulletin historique du Haut-Pays le 10/12/2019

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Thomas BataillonNathalie ChantretAlberto CenciMarie-Françoise GautierPhilippe JoudrierAnnabelle HaudryMarie-Hélène MullerCharles PoncetJean-Marie ProsperiJoëlle RonfortPierre RoumetSylvain SantoniAnne Celine ThuilletJacques David
• Organismes : Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Aarhus University [Aarhus] Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Polymorphismes d'intérêt agronomique Polymorphismes d'intérêt agronomique Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées
• Publié dans Actes du BRG le 21/10/2020

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Résumé : The comparative study of patterns of genetic diversity in crops and their wild ancestors coupled with recent advance in coalescent theory opens the way for making some historical inference on the demographic (and possibly selective) processes that have shaped genetic diversity in crops since domestication. Demographic events affect genome-wide levels of polymorphisms and the spectrum of allelic frequencies. Some forms of selection, in particular recent selective sweeps are expected to reduce diversity locally that is at the target of selection and in surrounding areas in the genome. Although a full reconstruction of the demographic history seems impossible based on patterns of polymorphism alone, contemporary polymorphism data can be used to calibrate simplified demographic models that can account for amounts and patterns of currently observable diversity. We illustrate that approach in two crop species with contrasted histories and mating systems. First, patterns of diversity are studied in the (allo)tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) complex a species with a mixed mating system dominated by high levels of selfing. The intensity of bottlenecks associated with major historical episodes of domestication and subsequent selection are quantified using microsatellite markers. Patterns of microsatellite diversity are also compared with patterns of sequence polymorphism detected at the Gsp-1 locus. We find that domestication and subsequent selection resulted in a massive loss of genetic diversity and estimated a several fold reduction in the long term effective size realized in cultivated wheats relative to their wild ancestors (even after accounting for the probable loss of diversity in wild populations due to extensive habitat loss since Neolithic times). Next we analyze patterns of nucleotide diversity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) an autotetraploid and outcrossing crop species. Sequence polymorphism among individuals spanning a wide geographic distribution was surveyed and analyzed at two intronic regions. These were located in respectively the alfalfa NADHdependent glutamate synthase and PO146, a pollen pectate lyase-like gene. These genes were chosen while searching in GenBank a public genetic sequence database for nucleotidic sequences of M. sativa and not chosen with any phenotypic à priori. This allowed us to i) quantify the extent of genetic divergence between wild and cultivated populations and thereby assess the impact of domestication on this divergence, ii) assess the originality of the genetic makeup of wild Spanish populations of alfalfa relative to the rest of extant population throughout the species range, iii) determine whether there is likely ongoing (recent) gene-flow among wild and cultivated populations in Spain

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Jean Pierrre ChauveauJean Philippe ColinJean-Pierre JacobPhilippe Lavigne DelvillePierre-Yves Le Meur
• Organismes : Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement

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Résumé : Developing effective land policies in West Africa requires a thorough understanding of the issues involved and of the changes taking place on the ground. How are mechanisms to gain access to land and to natural resources evolving? Are land rights becoming more individualised and “commodified”? How is local governance of land rights being tackled? What are the intra-family and inter-generational issues raised by these changes? What are the processes to elaborate policies and interventions on land tenure and natural resources? And what are their impacts? This document brings together the results of the CLAIMS research project “Changes in Land Access, Institutions and Markets in West Africa”, which ran from 2002 to 2005. It was funded by the European Union (Directorate-General for Research), with contributions from DFID (Department for International Development, UK) and AFD (Agence Française de Développement, France). DFID funded the publication of this report.

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Fichiers liés : claims_english_final.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Mieke MoermanJean-Pierre MartensLise Crevier-BuchmanPhilippe DejonckereVirginie Woisard
• Organismes : LPP - Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie - UMR 7018 Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
• Publié dans European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology le 27/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Bru MarcJean ClanetJ.J MauriceJean-François MarcelLaurent TalbotMarie-Pierre TrinquierAbdelkrim HasniLacourse FrançoiseJohanne LebrunYves LenoirPhilippe MaubantElmostafa HabboubAnderson OliveiraAbdelkarim Zaid
• Organismes : Laboratoire Toulouse EducAgro Education, Formation, Travail, Savoirs Centre de Recherches en Education Formation et Insertion de Toulouse Université de Sherbrooke = University of Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke] Université de Sherbrooke = University of Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke] Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Education de Lille - ULR 4354

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