Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe Bordes
• Organismes : Art, images, sociétés
• Publié dans Cahiers parisiens - Parisian Notebooks le 18/12/2007

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Marie-Helene JeuffroyPhilippe LucasDavid MakowskiJean-Marc MeynardMarie-Pierre PlanckeJean-Paul Bordes
• Organismes : Agronomie Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes Agronomie Département Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement Monsanto International ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris]

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Résumé : Take-all of wheat is caused by a soil-borne fungus (Gaeumannomvces gramlnls var.trltld), which attacks the roots and develops in patches, It is one of the most cammon wheat diseases, notably affecting second and third crops of wheat, leading to major yield losses. Its development depends on numerous factors linked to crop sequences, cultivation techniques, climate and soil type. So far, growers have limited options to prevent the severity of damage caused by take-all to winter wheat crops. Chemical control methods exist, based on the treatment of seeds but have partial efficacy only. Some cultivation techniques are known to reduce take-all incidence and severity and limit its impact on yield but none of them constitutes an efficient method of control on itself. To achieve economically Significant control of this disease, there is thus a need for combining appropriate techniques (cropping practices, fungicide treatment), although with partial efficacy, but showing complementary effects in order to achieve efficient management strategies. Up to now, no decision making tool has been developed to define such management strategy leading to integrated control of take-all of wheat. INRA scientists have used a database containing information from 2S experiments where 2 to 24 cropping systems were tested between 1992 and 2003, to develop 16 models which could predict the incidence of the disease as a function of variables related to the cropping system, soil and climate. They finally chose only three of these models for practical use. These models were combined with a yield simulation module calculating yield loss as a function of the incidence of take-all of wheat. The full models were then used to illustrate a series of applications aimed at answering practical questions which would be of interest to technical institutes and crop protection advisors, such as: the planning of fungicide treatments, comparison of the impact of different crop sequences or crop management on Incidence of the disease and yield losses. These models simulate the dynamics of the disease at the field scale and enable identification of the combinations of farming practices which could limit the effects of take-all, even in a situation favourable to the disease. In order to render the crop less vulnerable to disease and only use chemical control when absolutely necessary

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre AllegretPhilippe Dulbecco
• Organismes : Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International
• Publié dans Review of International Organizations le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : The conditionality employed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its lending policy is one of the main themes of controversy in the debate on the new international financial architecture. The purpose of this paper is to propose an analytical framework integrating the diverse explanations of the failure of IMF conditionality. Our analysis is based on the idea that the IMF is a key player in the running of markets in a global economy. More precisely, we explain that most of the criticisms concerning conditionality should be analyzed through what we agree to call the institutional failures of IMF conditionality. These institutional failures must be appreciated at two complementary levels: the first level refers to the intrinsic bureaucratic bias of the IMF while the second deals with the inability of the IMF to manage the institutional change required for the development of market processes and hence to maintain the institutional order in recipient countries. Although the first level failures have been particularly well studied via the international public choice approach, those of the second are, at best, often reduced to a simple statement. However, analyzing both levels of institutional failure of the IMF together is not without implications for the way in which the reforms of conditionality are conceived. Indeed, by including an analysis of the second level of failures, i.e. those relating to the relationship between conditionality and domestic institutional change, the recommendation of ex-ante conditionality emanating from the public choice approach, which tackles the first level of failures, will be invalidated. Instead a new approach will be proposed that suggests the separation of the role of the IMF as financial backer from its role as adviser to countries confronted by the globalization process.

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Fichiers liés : Allegret_Dulbecco_RIO_Revision_Sept06.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : C. SarratJoël NoilhanPierre LacarrereSylvie DonierChristine LacJean-Christophe CalvetA. DolmanC. GerbigB. NeiningerPhilippe CiaisJ.D. ParisF. BoumardMichel RamonetA. Butet
• Organismes : Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Centre national de recherches météorologiques Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie = Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry MetAir AG Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-ATC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-RAMCES Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-RAMCES Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est
• Publié dans Journal of Geophysical Research le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : [1] The CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) experiment took place in May and June 2005 in France and offers a comprehensive database on atmospheric CO 2 and boundary layer processes at the regional scale. One ''golden'' day of CERES is interpreted with the mesoscale atmospheric model Meso-NH coupled on-line with the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere, CO 2-reactive (ISBA-A-gs) surface scheme, allowing a full interaction of CO 2 between the surface and the atmosphere. The rapid diurnal cycle of carbon coupled with water and energy fluxes is parameterized including, e.g., plant assimilation, respiration, anthropogenic emissions, and sea fluxes. During the analyzed day, frequent vertical profiles and aircraft transects revealed high spatial and temporal variabilities of CO 2 concentrations within the boundary layer at the regional scale: a 10-ppm gradient of CO 2-mixing ratio is observed during the day by the aircraft measurements. The Meso-NH model proved able to simulate very well the CO 2 concentration variability as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of the surface fluxes and the boundary layer in the domain. The model is used to explain the CO 2 variability as a result of two complementary processes: (1) the regional heterogeneity of CO 2 surface fluxes related to the land cover (e.g., winter crops versus a pine forest) and (2) the variability of mesoscale circulation across the boundary layer: development of the sea breeze in the western part of the domain and dominating wind flow in the eastern part of the domain.

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Fichiers liés : 2006JD008107.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Bernard MourrainJean-Pascal PavonePhilippe TrébuchetElias TsigaridasJulien Wintz
• Organismes : Geometry, algebra, algorithms Geometry, algebra, algorithms Systèmes Polynomiaux, Implantation, Résolution Algébrique Department of Informatics and Telecomunications [Kapodistrian Univ] Geometry, algebra, algorithms

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Résumé : We present an overview of the open source library synaps. We describe some of the representative algorithms of the library and illustrate them on some explicit computations, such as solving polynomials and computing geometric information on implicit curves and surfaces. Moreover, we describe the design and the techniques we have developed in order to handle a hierarchy of generic and specialized data-structures and routines, based on a view mechanism. This allows us to construct dedicated plugins, which can be loaded easily in an external tool. Finally, we show how this design allows us to embed the algebraic operations, as a dedicated plugin, into the external geometric modeler axel.

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Fichiers liés : paper.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Eric GloaguenYannick BranquetPhilippe BoulvaisY. MoëloJean-Jacques ChauvelP.J. ChiapperoEric Marcoux
• Organismes : Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans Géosciences Rennes Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel Géosciences Rennes Minéralogie, Pétrologie Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans
• Publié dans Mineralium Deposita le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : In the Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux quarry (Armorican Hercynian belt, western France), an epigenetic hydrothermal alteration affects an oolitic ironstone layer intercalated within the Lower Ordovician Grès armoricain Formation. The hydrothermal overprint produced pervasive and massive sulphidation with stratoid pyritized lenticular bodies within the oolitic ironstone layer. These sulphide lenses are spatially associated with strike-slip faults and extend laterally from them. Following the massive sulphidation stage (Fe-As, stage 1), subsequent fracturing allowed the deposition of base metals (stage 2) and Pb-Sb-Au (stage 3) parageneses in veins. The dominant brittle structures are vertical extension veins, conjugate shear veins and strike-slip faults of various orders. All these structures are filled with the same paragenetic sequence. Deformation analysis allows the identification of structures that developed incrementally via right lateral simple shear compatible with bulk strain affecting the Central Armorican Domain. Each increment corresponds to a fracture set filled with specific parageneses. Successive hydrothermal pulses reflect clockwise rotation of the horizontal shortening direction. Geothermometry on chlorite and arsenopyrite shows an input of hot hydrothermal fluids (maximum of 390-350°C) during the main sulphide stage 1. The subsequent stages present a marked temperature drop (300-275°C). Lead isotopes suggest that the lead source is similar for all hydrothermal stages and corresponds to the underlying Neo-proterozoic basement. Lead isotope data, relative ages of deformation and comparison with neighbouring deposits suggest large-scale fluid pulses occurred during the whole Hercynian orogeny rather than pulses restricted to the late Hercynian period. The vicinity of the Hercynian internal domain appears as a key-control for deformation and fluid flow in the oolitic ironstones which acted as a chemical and structural trap for the hydrothermal fluids. The epigenetic mineralization of Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux appears to be very similar to epigenetic sulphidation described in BIF-hosted gold deposits.

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Fichiers liés : Gloaguen-MineraliumDeposita-2007.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 26/12/2006
• Auteurs : Maëlle CarrazAkino JossangJean-François FranetichAnthony SiauLiliane CiceronLaurent HannounRobert SauerweinFrançois FrappierPhilippe RasoanaivoGeorges SnounouDominique Mazier
• Organismes : Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie des substances naturelles Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie des substances naturelles Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen] Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie des substances naturelles Institut malgache de recherches appliquées Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
• Publié dans PLoS Medicine le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : Background: The global spread of multidrug-resistant malaria parasites has led to an urgent need for new chemotherapeutic agents. Drug discovery is primarily directed to the asexual blood stages, and few drugs that are effective against the obligatory liver stages, from which the pathogenic blood infection is initiated, have become available since primaquine was deployed in the 1950s. Methods and findings: Using bioassay-guided fractionation based on the parasite's hepatic stage, we have isolated a novel morphinan alkaloid, tazopsine, from a plant traditionally used against malaria in Madagascar. This compound and readily obtained semisynthetic derivatives were tested for inhibitory activity against liver stage development in vitro (P. falciparum and P. yoelii) and in vivo (P. yoelii). Tazopsine fully inhibited the development of P. yoelii (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] 3.1 muM, therapeutic index [TI] 14) and P. falciparum (IC50 4.2 muM, TI 7) hepatic parasites in cultured primary hepatocytes, with inhibition being most pronounced during the early developmental stages. One derivative, N-cyclopentyl-tazopsine (NCP-tazopsine), with similar inhibitory activity was selected for its lower toxicity (IC50 3.3 muM, TI 46, and IC50 42.4 muM, TI 60, on P. yoelii and P. falciparum hepatic stages in vitro, respectively). Oral administration of NCP-tazopsine completely protected mice from a sporozoite challenge. Unlike the parent molecule, the derivative was uniquely active against Plasmodium hepatic stages. Conclusions: A readily obtained semisynthetic derivative of a plant-derived compound, tazopsine, has been shown to be specifically active against the liver stage, but inactive against the blood forms of the malaria parasite. This unique specificity in an antimalarial drug severely restricts the pressure for the selection of drug resistance to a parasite stage limited both in numbers and duration, thus allowing researchers to envisage the incorporation of a true causal prophylactic in malaria control programs.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 21/12/2006
• Auteurs : Mickaël BourgoinRomain VolkNicolas PlihonPierre AugierPhilippe OdierJean-François Pinton
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon
• Publié dans New Journal of Physics le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Inspired by a design originally proposed by Bullard ( 1955 Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 51 744), we report a simple experimental arrangement which generates a turbulent fluid dynamo in the laboratory. It is based on a von Karman gallium flow and it effectively models an 'alpha-omega' dynamo process, in which the alpha component is realized by external wirings, while the omega contribution fully incorporates the flow turbulence. In the dynamo state, we observe intermittent reversals of the dipole field, as well as excursions. The bifurcation develops through an 'on-off' regime.

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Fichiers liés : Bourgoin2006_NJP.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 20/12/2006
• Auteurs : Philippe SteyerD. PilloudJean-François PiersonJean-Pierre MilletM. CharnayB. StauderP. Jacquot
• Organismes : Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) Laboratoire de science et génie des surfaces Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] Institut Camille Jordan Bodycote Bodycote
• Publié dans Surface and Coatings Technology le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Ti–Si–N coatings were deposited on M2 steel by arc evaporation using a Ti–Si composite target in an industrial reactor. The films structure before and after heat treatment at 700 °C was characterised by XRD. In addition, two types of quantitative experiments were performed in thermobalance: oxidation rate was deduced from isothermal thermogravimetric analyses at 800 °C, while the temperature of oxidation beginning (Tc) was measured in dynamic mode. Tc was then calculated by a mathematical approximation based on the non-linear least square. The results were compared to those obtained using TiN and SiNx standards. Depending on the deposition conditions, ternary films have been deposited with an atomic ratio Si/Ti of 0.10 and 0.15. The hardness of the films was close to 40 GPa. Only the TiN phase was detected by XRD. The mean crystal size was estimated to be in the 6–8 nm range, which suggested the nanocomposite nature of the coatings. After air oxidation at 700 °C, it was found that this crystal size was not affected by the thermal treatment, indicating a good thermal stability of the structure. Moreover, incorporation of silicon into TiN-based coatings led to a drastic decrease of their oxidation rate, together with a shift of 200 °C of Tc. The high resistance of oxidation of Ti–Si–N films at elevated temperature is attributable to the network of refractory SiNx, which acted as a diffusion barrier for oxygen and insulated TiN nanograins from the aggressive atmosphere.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 07/12/2006
• Auteurs : Thomas DecaensFrançoise Roudot-ThoravalSolange Bresson-HadniCarole MeyerJean GugenheimFrançois DurandPierre-Henri BernardOlivier BoillotPhilippe CompagnonYvon CalmusJean HardwigsenChristian DucerfGeorges-Philippe PageauxSébastien DharancyOlivier ChazouillèresDaniel CherquiChristophe Duvoux
• Organismes : Service de santé publique [Mondor] WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) Service de Chirurgie Digestive / Centre de Transplantation Hépatique [CHU Nice] Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie Service de Chirurgie Digestive Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] Université de Lille, Droit et Santé Hôpital Duriez, Service des Maladies de l'Appareil digestif et de la Nutrition
• Publié dans World Journal of Gastroenterology le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : AIM: To assess pre-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) factors that could be evaluated pre-operatively or controlled post-operatively associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and disease-free survival after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: Four hundred and twelve patients transplanted for HCC between 1988 and 1998 in 14 French centers, who survived the postoperative period were studied. Kaplan Meier estimates were calculated for 24 variables potentially associated with recurrence of HCC. Uni- and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of recurrence. RESULTS: Overall 5-year disease-free survival was 57.1%. By univariate analysis, variables associated with disease-free survival were: presence of cirrhosis (P = 0.001), etiology of liver disease (P = 0.03), alpha fetoprotein level (< 200, 200 to 2000, or > 2000; P < 0.0001), gamma-GT activity (N, N to 2N or > 2N; P = 0.02), the number of nodules (1, 2-3 or > or = 4; P = 0.02), maximal diameter of the largest nodule (< 3 cm, 3 to 5 cm or > 5 cm; P < 0.0001), the sum of the diameter of the nodules (< 3 cm, 3 to 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm or > 10 cm; P < 0.0001), bi-lobar location (P = 0.01), preoperative portal thrombosis (P < 0.0001), peri-operative treatment of the tumor (P = 0.002) and chemoembolization (P = 0.03), tumor differentiation (P = 0.01), initial type of calcineurin inhibitor (P = 0.003), the use of antilymphocyte antibodies (P = 0.02), rejection episodes (P = 0.003) and period of LT (P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, 6 variables were independently associated with HCC recurrence: maximal diameter of the largest nodule (P < 0.0001), time of LT (P < 0.0001), tumor differentiation (P < 0.0001), use of anti-lymphocyte antibody (ATG) or anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) (P = 0.005), preoperative portal thrombosis (P = 0.06) and the number of nodules (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: This study identifies immunosuppression, through the use of ATG or OKT3, as a predictive factor of tumor recurrence, and confirms the prognostic value of tumor differentiation.

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