Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2005
• Auteurs : Philippe DruaultPhilippe GuibertFranck Alizon
• Organismes : Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert
• Publié dans Experiments in Fluids le 23/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2005
• Auteurs : Yohann FoucherEve MathieuPhilippe Saint-PierreJean-François DurandJean-Pierre Daurès
• Organismes : Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 Laboratoire de Statistique Théorique et Appliquée Université de Montpellier Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415
• Publié dans Biometrical Journal le 28/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2005
• Auteurs : Ludovic TailleuxNhan Pham-ThiAnne Bergeron-LafaurieJean-Louis HerrmannPatricia CharlesOlivier SchwartzPierre ScheinmannPhilippe H LagrangeJacques de BlicAbdellatif TaziBrigitte GicquelOlivier Neyrolles
• Organismes : Génétique mycobactérienne - Mycobacterial genetics Service de Pneumologie Allergologie [CHU Necker] Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis] Service de microbiologie [Saint-Louis] Génétique mycobactérienne - Mycobacterial genetics Virus et Immunité Service de Pneumologie Allergologie [CHU Necker] Service de microbiologie [Saint-Louis] Service de Pneumologie Allergologie [CHU Necker] Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis] Génétique mycobactérienne - Mycobacterial genetics Génétique mycobactérienne - Mycobacterial genetics
• Publié dans PLoS Medicine le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : BACKGROUND: Interplays between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB) in human and host professional phagocytes, namely macrophages (Mphis) and dendritic cells (DCs), are central to immune protection against TB and to TB pathogenesis. We and others have recently shown that the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) mediates important interactions between mycobacteria and human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) in vitro. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In order to explore the possible role of DC-SIGN in M. tuberculosis infection in vivo, we have analysed DC-SIGN expression in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with TB (n = 40) or with other non-mycobacterial lung pathologies, namely asthma (n = 14) and sarcoidosis (n = 11), as well as from control individuals (n = 9). We show that in patients with TB, up to 70% of alveolar Mphis express DC-SIGN. By contrast, the lectin is barely detected in alveolar Mphis from all other individuals. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of BAL-derived fluids and cells indicated that M. tuberculosis infection induces DC-SIGN expression in alveolar Mphis by a mechanism that is independent of Toll-like receptor-4, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13. This mechanism most likely relies on the secretion of soluble host and/or mycobacterial factors that have yet to be identified, as both infected and uninfected bystander Mphis were found to express DC-SIGN in the presence of M. tuberculosis. Immunohistochemical examination of lung biopsy samples from patients with TB showed that the bacilli concentrate in pulmonary regions enriched in DC-SIGN-expressing alveolar Mphis in vivo. Ex vivo binding and inhibition of binding experiments further revealed that DC-SIGN-expressing alveolar Mphis constitute preferential target cells for M. tuberculosis, as compared to their DC-SIGN- counterparts. In contrast with what has been reported previously in MoDCs in vitro, ex vivo DC-SIGN ligation by mycobacterial products failed to induce IL-10 secretion by alveolar Mphis, and IL-10 was not detected in BALs from patients with TB. CONCLUSION: Altogether, our results provide further evidence for an important role of DC-SIGN during TB in humans. DC-SIGN induction in alveolar Mphis may have important consequences on lung colonization by the tubercle bacillus, and on pulmonary inflammatory and immune responses in the infected host.

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Fichiers liés : 10.1371_journal.pmed.0020381-S.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2005
• Auteurs : Philippe GallienJean-Michel ReymannGérard AmarencoBarbara NicolasM. de SèzeE. Bellissant
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Cristallographie et modélisation des matériaux minéraux et biologiques Physiologie et physiopathologie de la motricité chez l'homme Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Laboratoire des images et des signaux Centre de Recherche en Gestion Laboratoire Mouvement Adaptation Cognition Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes]
• Publié dans Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in multiple sclerosis patients. METHODS: This was a multicentre, placebo controlled, randomised, double blind study. Patients with chronic urinary retention were included if they had post-voiding residual urine volume between 100 and 500 ml. They received a single transperineal injection of either botulinum A toxin (100 U Allergan) or placebo in the sphincter and also 5 mg slow release alfuzosin bid over 4 months. Main endpoint was post-voiding residual urine volume assessed 1 month after injection. Follow up duration was 4 months. Statistical analysis was performed using a sequential method, the triangular test. RESULTS: The study was stopped after the fourth analysis (86 patients had been included: placebo: 41, botulinum A toxin: 45). At inclusion, there was no significant difference between groups whichever variable was considered. Mean (standard deviation) post-voiding residual urine volume was 217 (96) and 220 (99) ml in placebo and botulinum A toxin groups, respectively. One month later, post-voiding residual urine volume was 206 (145) and 186 (158) ml (p = 0.45) in placebo and botulinum A toxin groups, respectively. However, compared to placebo, botulinum A toxin significantly increased voiding volume (+54%, p = 0.02) and reduced pre-micturition (-29%, p = 0.02) and maximal (-21%, p = 0.02) detrusor pressures. Other secondary urodynamic endpoints and tolerance were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In multiple sclerosis patients with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, a single injection of botulinum A toxin (100 U Allergan) does not decrease post-voiding residual urine volume.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2005
• Auteurs : A. PhilippeG. VaivaF. Casadebaig
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray Laboratoire Paul Painlevé - UMR 8524 Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies
• Publié dans European Psychiatry le 23/10/2020

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Résumé : To establish the impact of antipsychotic medication on the incidence of diabetes, we have analysed data from the prospective French Cohort study of mortality in schizophrenia. This generated a large database of 3470 patients with schizophrenia initially enrolled in 1993 for which data collection on comorbidity has been collected systematically every three years since. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the mortality rate in the study cohort. From this database, the prevalence and incidence of diabetes can be studied. In 1993, nine patients in 10 were prescribed conventional antipsychotics and the remainder amisulpride and clozapine. Since the introduction of risperidone and olanzapine, atypical antipsychotics are now used in one-third of patients. Multiple antipsychotic medications are used in many patients, with the exception of those receiving clozapine. At inclusion, 2.2% of patients in the study cohort had a diagnosis of diabetes. Morbidity rates were higher in females than in males (3.4% and 1.6%, respectively) and it was only in females that the standard morbidity ratio with respect to the general population was significantly elevated (2.2; 95% confidence intervals: 1.6 and 2.9). The prevalence of diabetes in the study cohort rose over the course of the study. Multivariate regression analysis was performed in order to identify potential determinants of diabetes. For pre-existing diabetes, four factors were identified: age at first hospitalisation, age, obesity and duration of schizophrenia. The same factors with the exception of length of illness were identified for the incident cases. There was no evidence for an interaction between the class and type of antipsychotic medication and risk of treatment emergent diabetes. However, the use of multiple antipsychotic treatments makes the individualisation of specific risks associated with any other antipsychotic drug impossible.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2005
• Auteurs : Juan Mendez GarzaNadia Benkirane-JesselG. LadamValerie DupraySylvaine MullerJean-François StoltzPierre SchaafJean-Claude VoegelPhilippe Lavalle
• Organismes : Biomatériaux : Processus biophysiques et biologiques aux interfaces Faculté de chirurgie dentaire - Robert Frank [Strasbourg] Laboratoire d'Energétique et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 Biomatériaux : Processus biophysiques et biologiques aux interfaces Faculté de chirurgie dentaire - Robert Frank [Strasbourg] Laboratoire de Biophysique et Biomatériaux Laboratoire de Biophysique et Biomatériaux Laboratoire d'Energétique et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 Laboratoire d'Energétique et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 Institut Charles Sadron Biomatériaux : Processus biophysiques et biologiques aux interfaces Faculté de chirurgie dentaire - Robert Frank [Strasbourg] Biomatériaux : Processus biophysiques et biologiques aux interfaces Faculté de chirurgie dentaire - Robert Frank [Strasbourg]
• Publié dans Langmuir le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : Polyelectrolyte multilayers are now a well established concept with numerous potential applications in particular as biomaterial coatings. To timely control the biological activity of cells in contact with a substrate, multicompartment films made of different polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited sequentially on the solid substrate constitute a promising new approach. In a first paper (Langmuir 2004, 20, 7298) we showed that such multicompartment films can be designed by alternating exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayers acting as reservoirs and linearly growing ones acting as barriers. In the present study, we first demonstrate however that these barriers composed of synthetic polyelectrolytes are not degraded despite the presence of phagocytic cells. We propose an alternative approach where exponentially growing poly-(L-lysine)/hyaluronic acid (PLL/HA) multilayers, used as reservoirs, are alternated with biodegradable polymer layers consisting in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and acting as barriers for PLL chains that diffuse within the PLL/HA reservoirs. We first show that these PLGA layers can be deposited alternatively with PLL/HA multilayers leading to polyelectrolyte multilayer/hydrolyzable polymeric layer films and acting as a reservoirs/barriers system. Bone marrow cells seeded on these films ending by a PLL/HA reservoir rapidly degrade it and internalize the PLL chains confined in this reservoir. Then the cells degraded locally the PLGA barrier and internalize the PLL localized in a lower (PLL/HA) compartment after 5 days of seeding. By changing the thickness of the PLGA layer, we hope to be able to tune the time delay of degradation. Such mixed architectures made of polyelectrolyte multilayers and hydrolyzable polymeric layers could act as coatings allowing us to induce a time scheduled cascade of biological activities. We are currently working on the use of comparable films with compartments filled by proteins or peptides and in which the degradation of the barriers results from a hydrolysis over tunable time scales.

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Fichiers liés : Langmuir 2005a.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 30/11/2005
• Auteurs : Jean-Claude DesportPhilippe CouratierPierre-Marie Preux
• Organismes : Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges] Service de Neurologie [CHU Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 28/11/2005
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre ChauveauJean-Philippe Colin. Institut Français d'Afrique Du Sud
• Organismes : Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Institut Français d'Afrique du Sud

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 27/11/2005
• Auteurs : Jean-Paul LaclauPhilippe DeleporteJean-Pierre BouilletJacques Ranger
• Organismes : Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers

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Résumé : Fast growing forest plantations managed in short rotations in order to maximize biomass production are likely to deplete soil nutrient reserves. The effects of Eucalyptus stands on long-term nutrient availability in sandy soils were studied in the coastal plains of Congo, using a biogeochemical cycle approach. Atmospheric deposition, canopy exchange and transfer through the soil were estimated on the whole rooting depth (6 m) over three years, in an experimental design installed in a native savanna and an adjacent 6-year-old Eucalyptus plantation. Complementary measurements during 3 years after planting the same Eucalyptus clone in the experimental savanna made it possible to establish input-output budgets of nutrients for the whole rotation and to compare them with the native savanna ecosystem. Even if the nutrient fluxes in the savanna ecosystem were affected by afforestation, the biogeochemical cycles remained highly conservative after planting eucalypts. The main outputs of nutrients from the soil occurred during burning in savanna and with biomass removal at the harvest in the Eucalyptus stand. Both ecosystems were efficient in preventing losses by deep drainage (<5 kg ha-1 year-1 for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg). After afforestation, weeding in the Eucalyptus stands eliminated the leguminous species responsible for N input by symbiotic fixation of about 20 kg ha-1 year-1. Whereas the budgets of P, K, Ca and Mg were roughly balanced, the current silviculture led to a deficit of about 140 kg N ha-1 in the soil, throughout a 7-year rotation. This deficit was large relative to the pool of total N in the upper soil layer (0-50 cm), which was about 2 t ha-1. The nutrient budgets were consistent with field trials on fertilization, showing that the sustainability of Congolese plantations will require an increase in N fertilizer inputs over successive rotations.

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Fichiers liés : Laclau_2005_ag125el_1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 24/11/2005
• Auteurs : Philippe BourdeauJean CorneloupPascal Mao
• Organismes : Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales

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