Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2006
• Auteurs : Jocelyne TroccazMichael BaumannPeter BerkelmanPhilippe CinquinVincent DaanenAntoine LeroyMaud MarchalYohan PayanEmmanuel PromayonSandrine VorosStéphane BartMichel BollaEmmanuel Chartier-KastlerJean-Luc DescotesAndrée DusserreJean-Yves GiraudJean-Alexandre LongRonan MoalicPierre Mozer
• Organismes : Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 INtegrative research unit on Social and Individual DEvelopment Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 INtegrative research unit on Social and Individual DEvelopment Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 CHU de Grenoble radiothérapie CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Service de chirurgie CHU de Grenoble radiothérapie CHU de Grenoble radiothérapie Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 Service de chirurgie Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
• Publié dans Proceedings of the IEEE le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Until recently, Computer-Aided Medical Interventions (CAMI) and Medical Robotics have focused on rigid and non deformable anatomical structures. Nowadays, special attention is paid to soft tissues, raising complex issues due to their mobility and deformation. Mini-invasive digestive surgery was probably one of the first fields where soft tissues were handled through the development of simulators, tracking of anatomical structures and specific assistance robots. However, other clinical domains, for instance urology, are concerned. Indeed, laparoscopic surgery, new tumour destruction techniques (e.g. HIFU, radiofrequency, or cryoablation), increasingly early detection of cancer, and use of interventional and diagnostic imaging modalities, recently opened new challenges to the urologist and scientists involved in CAMI. This resulted in the last five years in a very significant increase of research and developments of computer-aided urology systems. In this paper, we propose a description of the main problems related to computer-aided diagnostic and therapy of soft tissues and give a survey of the different types of assistance offered to the urologist: robotization, image fusion, surgical navigation. Both research projects and operational industrial systems are discussed.

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Fichiers liés : MedicalRob-Troccaz.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2006
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe FaivreAlain TurqLaurence BourguignonDavid ColongeMarc JarryJacques JaubertT. BismuthPierre-Yves Demars
• Organismes : De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 28/08/2006
• Auteurs : Ilyes ZahiBrigitte CaussatHugues VergnesAlain EstèveMehdi Djafari RouhaniPierre MurPhilippe BlaiseEmmanuel Scheid
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes

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Résumé : The microelectronic industry is in permanent evolution, due to the need of integration in many systems of the everyday life (PC, car, MP3, mobile, …). A typical example concerns non volatile memories for which the poly-silicon floating gate of the Flash memories could be replaced by a floating gate made up of silicon nanocrystals. The deposition of nanocrystals by LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) from silane SiH4 on SiO2 surfaces remains one of the most promising ways of synthesis. In particular, it is mandatory to reach an area density of 1012 dots/cm2 with a radius lower than 5 nm so as reliable Flash memories could be industrialized. To overcome these problems, we have decided to model physical and chemical phenomena from the scale of the precursor molecules and surface bonds to that of the industrial reactor. Despite a huge experimental effort, fundamental understanding of the key mechanisms for nucleation and growth remains elusive. Experiments presented in the literature have shown that surface pre-treatment forming Si-OH groups to the detriment of Si-O-Si bonds increased the nucleation rate. Previous modelings of LPCVD reactors showed that the silane pyrolysis leads to the formation of unsaturated species which are poorly concentrated but extremely reactive with surfaces. In this paper, we propose a multiscale approach combining several models in hierarchical order to extend progressively the experimental requirements while keeping the predictive nature of the results by transferring parameters from a model to another. Firstly, we study the fundamental chemical reaction taking place at the initial stage of deposition, i.e. nucleation and growth, via first principles calculations (density functional theory or DFT). Chemical pathways and associated activation barriers for SiH2/SiH4 reactions onto oxide surface species are detailed. Parameters are thus defined (kinetics of the reactions, sticking coefficients) for further chemistry modeling at the continuum level coupled with reactor scale modeling features (Computational Fluid Dynamics code Fluent).

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Fichiers liés : zahi_2741.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 25/08/2006
• Auteurs : T. WittmannJean-Paul GeindreP. AudebertR. S. MarjoribanksJean-Philippe RousseauFrédéric BurgyD. DouilletT. LefrouKim Ta PhuocJean-Paul Chambaret
• Organismes : Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée
• Publié dans Review of Scientific Instruments le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : The effects of small amounts of energy delivered at times before the peak intensity of ultrahigh-intensity ultrafast-laser pulses have been a major obstacle to the goal of studying the interaction of ultraintense light with solids for more than two decades now. We describe implementation of a practical double-plasma-mirror pulse cleaner, built into a f = 10 m null telescope and added as a standard beamline feature of a 100 TW laser system for ultraintense laser-matter interaction. Our measurements allow us to infer a pulse-height contrast of 5×10^11—the highest contrast generated to date—while preserving ∼ 50% of the laser intensity and maintaining excellent focusability of the delivered beam. We present a complete optical characterization, comparing empirical results and numerical modeling of a double-plasma-mirror system.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 16/08/2006
• Auteurs : Sylvestre LacourGuy PerrinXavier HauboisSerge MeimonJohn D. MonnierJean-Philippe BergerWesley A. TraubPeter A. Schuller
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 16/08/2006
• Auteurs : Robert NymanGaël VaroquauxFabien LienhartDamien ChambonSalah BoussenJean-François ClémentT. MullerGiorgio SantarelliFranck Pereira dos SantosAndré ClaironAlexandre BressonArnaud LandraginPhilippe Bouyer
• Organismes : laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon] Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon] laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace Institute for Quantum Optics Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon] Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique
• Publié dans Applied Physics B - Laser and Optics le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : We present our the construction of an atom interferometer for inertial sensing in microgravity, as part of the I.C.E. (\textit{Interf\'{e}rom\'{e}trie Coh\'{e}rente pour l'Espace}) collaboration. On-board laser systems have been developed based on fibre-optic components, which are insensitive to mechanical vibrations and acoustic noise, have sub-MHz linewidth, and remain frequency stabilised for weeks at a time. A compact, transportable vacuum system has been built, and used for laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping. We will use a mixture of quantum degenerate gases, bosonic $^{87}$Rb and fermionic $^{40}$K, in order to find the optimal conditions for precision and sensitivity of inertial measurements. Microgravity will be realised in parabolic flights lasting up to 20s in an Airbus. We show that the factors limiting the sensitivity of a long-interrogation-time atomic inertial sensor are the phase noise in reference frequency generation for Raman-pulse atomic beam-splitters and acceleration fluctuations during free fall.

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Fichiers liés : ICE_ps.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 15/08/2006
• Auteurs : João ZilhãoFrancesco D’erricoJean-Guillaume BordesArnaud LenoblePierre-Jean TexierJean-Philippe Rigaud
• Organismes : Department of Archaeology and Anthropology De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
• Publié dans Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : The Châtelperronian is a Neandertal-associated archeological culture featuring ornaments and decorated bone tools. It is often suggested that such symbolic items do not imply that Neandertals had modern cognition and stand instead for influences received from coeval, nearby early modern humans represented by the Aurignacian culture, whose precocity would be proven by stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates. The Grotte des Fées at Châtelperron (France) is the remaining case of such a potential Châtelperronian–Aurignacian contemporaneity, but reanalysis shows that its stratification is poor and unclear, the bone assemblage is carnivore-accumulated, the putative interstratified Aurignacian lens in level B4 is made up for the most part of Chaˆ telperronian material, the upper part of the sequence is entirely disturbed, and the few Aurignacian items in levels B4-5 represent isolated intrusions into otherwise in situ Châtelperronian deposits. As elsewhere in southwestern Europe, this evidence confirms that the Aurignacian postdates the Châtelperronian and that the latter's cultural innovations are better explained as the Neandertals' independent development of behavioral modernity.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 13/08/2006
• Auteurs : Hélène GilbertJean Pierre BidanelJoseph GruandJean-Claude CaritezYvon BillonPhilippe P. GuillouetJean NobletPierre P. Sellier
• Organismes : Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée Unité de selection porcine Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales Insémination Caprine et Porcine Systèmes d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 12/08/2006
• Auteurs : Pierre MahéLiva RalaivolaVéronique StovenJean-Philippe Vert
• Organismes : Centre de Bioinformatique Laboratoire d'informatique Fondamentale de Marseille - UMR 6166 Centre de Bioinformatique Centre de Bioinformatique
• Publié dans Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : We introduce a family of positive definite kernels specifically optimized for the manipulation of 3D structures of molecules with kernel methods. The kernels are based on the comparison of the three-point pharmacophores present in the 3D structures of molecules, a set of molecular features known to be particularly relevant for virtual screening applications. We present a computationally demanding exact implementation of these kernels, as well as fast approximations related to the classical fingerprint-based approaches. Experimental results suggest that this new approach is competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms based on the 2D structure of molecules for the detection of inhibitors of several drug targets.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/2006
• Auteurs : Evelyne DerelleConchita FerrazStephane RombautsPierre RouzéAlexandra Z WordenSteven RobbensFrédéric PartenskySven DegroeveSophie EcheyniéRichard CookeYvan SaeysJan WuytsKamel JabbariChris BowlerOlivier PanaudBenoît PiéguSteven G BallJean-Philippe RalFrancois-Yves BougetG. PiganeauBernard de BaetsAndré PicardMichel DelsenyJacques DemailleYves van de PeerHervé Moreau
• Organismes : Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive Institut de génétique humaine VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Institut de génétique humaine Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes Institut de génétique humaine VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive
• Publié dans Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : The green lineage is reportedly 1,500 million years old, evolving shortly after the endosymbiosis event that gave rise to early photosynthetic eukaryotes. In this study, we unveil the complete genome sequence of an ancient member of this lineage, the unicellular green alga Ostreococcus tauri (Prasinophyceae). This cosmopolitan marine primary producer is the world's smallest free-living eukaryote known to date. Features likely reflecting optimization of environmentally relevant pathways, including resource acquisition, unusual photosynthesis apparatus, and genes potentially involved in C(4) photosynthesis, were observed, as was downsizing of many gene families. Overall, the 12.56-Mb nuclear genome has an extremely high gene density, in part because of extensive reduction of intergenic regions and other forms of compaction such as gene fusion. However, the genome is structurally complex. It exhibits previously unobserved levels of heterogeneity for a eukaryote. Two chromosomes differ structurally from the other eighteen. Both have a significantly biased G+C content, and, remarkably, they contain the majority of transposable elements. Many chromosome 2 genes also have unique codon usage and splicing, but phylogenetic analysis and composition do not support alien gene origin. In contrast, most chromosome 19 genes show no similarity to green lineage genes and a large number of them are specialized in cell surface processes. Taken together, the complete genome sequence, unusual features, and downsized gene families, make O. tauri an ideal model system for research on eukaryotic genome evolution, including chromosome specialization and green lineage ancestry.

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