Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 14/06/2004
• Auteurs : Cédric Dumez-ViouAndrée CoffrePierre ColomLaurent DenisAlain LecacheuxJean-Michel MartinRodolphe WeberPhilippe Zarka
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 02/06/2004
• Auteurs : Valérie ThouretJ.-P. CammasBastien SauvageGilles AthierRégina ZbindenPhilippe NédélecPatrick SimonFernand Karcher
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'aérologie Laboratoire d'aérologie Laboratoire d'aérologie Laboratoire d'aérologie Laboratoire d'aérologie Laboratoire d'aérologie Centre national de recherches météorologiques

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Résumé : The MOZAIC programme collects ozone and water vapour data using automatic equipment installed on board five long-range Airbus A340 aircraft flying regularly all over the world since August 1994. Those measurements made between September 1994 and August 1996 allowed the first accurate ozone climatology at 9–12 km altitude to be generated. The seasonal variability of the tropopause height has always provided a problem when constructing climatologies in this region. To remove any signal from the seasonal and synoptic scale variability in tropopause height we have chosen in this further study of these and subsequent data to reference our climatology to the altitude of the tropopause. We define the tropopause as a mixing zone 30 hPa thick across the 2 pvu potential vorticity surface. A new ozone climatology is now available for levels characteristic of the upper troposphere (UT) and the lower stratosphere (LS) regardless of the seasonal variations of the tropopause over the period 1994–2003. Moreover, this new presentation has allowed an estimation of the monthly mean climatological ozone concentration at the tropopause showing a sine seasonal variation with a maximum in May (120 ppbv) and a minimum in November (65 ppbv). Besides, we present a first assessment of the inter-annual variability of ozone in this particular critical region. The overall increase in the UTLS is about 1%/yr for the 9 years sampled. However, enhanced concentrations about 10–15 % higher than the other years were recorded in 1998 and 1999 in both the UT and the LS. This so-called "1998–1999 anomaly" may be attributed to a combination of different processes involving large scale modes of atmospheric variability, circulation features and local or global pollution, but the most dominant one seems to involve the variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as we find a strong positive correlation (above 0.60) between ozone recorded in the upper troposphere and the NAO index. A strong anti-correlation is also found between ozone and the extremes of the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index, attributing the lower stratospheric variability to dynamical anomalies. Finally this analysis highlights the coupling between the troposphere, at least the upper one, and the stratosphere, at least the lower one.

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Fichiers liés : acp-6-1033-2006.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2004
• Auteurs : Yong-Ming LiuMarthe MoldesJean-Philippe BastardÉric BruckertNathalie ViguerieBernard HainqueArnaud BasdevantDominique LanginJacques PairaultKarine Clément
• Organismes : Physiologie et physiopathologie CHU Tenon [AP-HP] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Institut Louis Bugnard Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Institut Louis Bugnard Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse
• Publié dans Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Adiponutrin is a newly identified nonsecreted adipocyte protein regulated by changes in energy balance in rodents. We documented the influence of energy balance modification on adiponutrin gene expression in humans. We investigated the mRNA expression in sc adipose tissue of nonobese women and in obese women during 2-d very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and subsequent refeeding as well as before and after a VLCD of 3 wk (21-d VLCD). The adiponutrin mRNA levels of the nonobese and obese women were not different (P > 0.05). Two-day VLCD reduced the average level of adiponutrin mRNA expression by 36% (P = 0.0016), whereas refeeding elevated the mRNA level by 31% (P = 0.004). The 3-wk VLCD caused a dramatic 58% fall of the adiponutrin mRNA expression level (P = 0.001). The mRNA level was negatively correlated with fasting glucose (Rho = -0.62; P < 0.0001), and subjects with high adiponutrin mRNA level had an increased insulin sensitivity. Compared with other adipocyte proteins such as leptin and adiponectin, adiponutrin mRNA did not show correlation with either adiposity indexes or with leptin or adiponectin mRNAs. These results indicate that adiponutrin gene expression in humans is highly regulated by changes in energy balance.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2004
• Auteurs : Damien ChablatPhilippe WengerFélix MajouJean-Pierre Merlet
• Organismes : Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes Constraints solving, optimization and robust interval analysis
• Publié dans The International Journal of Robotics Research le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : This paper addresses an interval analysis based study that is applied to the design and the comparison of 3-DOF parallel kinematic machines. Two design criteria are used, (i) a regular workspace shape and, (ii) a kinetostatic performance index that needs to be as homogeneous as possible throughout the workspace. The interval analysis based method takes these two criteria into account: on the basis of prescribed kinetostatic performances, the workspace is analysed to find out the largest regular dextrous workspace enclosed in the Cartesian workspace. An algorithm describing this method is introduced. Two 3-DOF translational parallel mechanisms designed for machining applications are compared using this method. The first machine features three fixed linear joints which are mounted orthogonally and the second one features three linear joints which are mounted in parallel. In both cases, the mobile platform moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation.

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Fichiers liés : IJRR_bis_Chablat_Wenger_Majou_Merlet.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2004
• Auteurs : Nancy TerrierDavid GlissantJérôme GrimpletFrançois BarrieuPhilippe AbbalCarole CoutureAgnès AgeorgesRossitza AtanassovaCéline LéonJean-Pierre RenaudinFabienne DédaldéchampSerge DelrotSaïd HamdiCharles Romieu
• Organismes : Sciences Pour l'Oenologie Transport des assimilats [UMR 6161] Sciences Pour l'Oenologie UMR 619 Equipe Biologie de la Vigne Sciences Pour l'Oenologie UMR 619 Equipe Biologie de la Vigne Sciences Pour l'Oenologie Transport des assimilats [UMR 6161] UMR 619 Equipe Biologie de la Vigne UMR 619 Equipe Biologie de la Vigne Transport des assimilats [UMR 6161] Transport des assimilats [UMR 6161] UMR 619 Equipe Biologie de la Vigne Sciences Pour l'Oenologie

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2004
• Auteurs : Matilde Cordero-ErausquinStéphanie PonsPhilippe FaureJean-Pierre Changeux
• Organismes : Récepteurs et Cognition Récepteurs et Cognition Récepteurs et Cognition Récepteurs et Cognition
• Publié dans Pain le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : Nicotinic agonists have well-documented antinociceptive properties when administered subcutaneously or intrathecally in mice. However, secondary mild to toxic effects are observed at analgesic doses, as a consequence of the activation of the large family of differentially expressed nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). In order to elucidate the action of nicotinic agonists on spinal local circuits, we have investigated the expression and function of nAChRs in functionally identified neurons of neonate mice spinal cord. Molecular markers, amplified at the single-cell level by RT-PCR, distinguished two neuronal populations in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord: GABAergic/glycinergic inhibitory interneurons, and calbindin (CA) or NK1 receptor (NK1-R) expressing, excitatory interneurons and projection neurons. The nicotinic response to acetylcholine of single cells was examined, as well as the pattern of expression of nAChR subunit transcripts in the same neuron. Beside the most expressed subunits alpha4, beta2 and alpha7, the alpha2 subunit transcript was found in 19% of neurons, suggesting that agonists targeting alpha2* nAChRs may have specific actions at a spinal level without major supra-spinal effects. Both inhibitory and excitatory neurons responded to nicotinic stimulation, however, the nAChRs involved were markedly different. Whereas GABA/glycine interneurons preferentially expressed alpha4alpha6beta2* nAChRs, alpha3beta2alpha7* nAChRs were preferentially expressed by CA or NK1-R expressing neurons. Recorded neurons were also classified by firing pattern, for comparison to results from single-cell RT-PCR studies. Altogether, our results identify distinct sites of action of nicotinic agonists in circuits of the dorsal horn, and lead us closer to an understanding of mechanisms of nicotinic spinal analgesia.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2004
• Auteurs : Sébastien BilavarnJean-Philippe DiguetEric DebesPierre Vandergheynst
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Electronique des Systèmes TEmps Réel Laboratoire de Traitement du signal [EPFL] / Signal Processing Laboratories INTEL Labs Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS INTEL Labs Laboratoire de Traitement du signal [EPFL] / Signal Processing Laboratories

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Résumé : Design a tuning reconfigurable coprocessor for future media processing by means of power / area / performances tradeoffs.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2004
• Auteurs : Pierre H. ManginPhilippe OhlmannAnita EcklyJean-Pierre CazenaveFrançois LanzaChristian Gachet
• Organismes : Biologie et pharmacologie de l'hémostase et de la thrombose Etablissement Français du Sang - Grand Est Biologie et pharmacologie de l'hémostase et de la thrombose Etablissement Français du Sang - Grand Est Biologie et pharmacologie de l'hémostase et de la thrombose Etablissement Français du Sang - Grand Est Biologie et pharmacologie de l'hémostase et de la thrombose Etablissement Français du Sang - Grand Est Biologie et pharmacologie de l'hémostase et de la thrombose Etablissement Français du Sang - Grand Est Biologie et pharmacologie de l'hémostase et de la thrombose Etablissement Français du Sang - Grand Est
• Publié dans Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : ADP and TxA2 are secondary agonists which play an important role as cofactors when platelets are activated by agonists such as collagen or thrombin. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of the ADP receptor P2Y(1) in collagen-induced activation of washed platelets. Inhibition of P2Y(1) alone with the selective antagonist MRS2179 prolonged the lag phase preceding aggregation in response to low or high concentrations of fibrillar collagen, without affecting the maximum amplitude of aggregation or secretion. A combination of MRS2179 and aspirin resulted in complete inhibition of platelet shape change at low and high collagen concentrations, together with a profound decrease in aggregation and secretion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that these platelets had conserved the discoid morphology typical of the resting state. A lack of shape change was also observed in aspirin-treated P2Y(1)- and G(alphaq)-deficient mouse platelets and in delta-storage pool-deficient platelets from Fawn Hooded rats. In contrast, when the second ADP receptor P2Y(12) was inhibited with AR-C69931MX, aspirin-treated platelets were still able to change shape and displayed only a moderate decrease in aggregation and secretion. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that collagen requires not only the TxA2 receptor Tpalpha, but also P2Y(1), to induce platelet shape change.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 17/05/2004
• Auteurs : William S. KurthDonald A. GurnettJohn T. ClarkeM. DeschMichael L. KaiserPhilippe ZarkaBaptiste CecconiAlain LecacheuxPatrick H. M. GalopeauJean-Claude GérardD. C. GrodentMichele K. DoughertyFrank J. Crary
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/05/2004
• Auteurs : Véronique JanPascale CerveraMustapha MaachiMarielle BaudrimontMin Ji KimHubert VidalPierre-Marie GirardPhilippe LevanWilly RozenbaumAnne LombèsJacqueline CapeauJean-Philippe Bastard
• Organismes : Pathologie de l'Adipocyte et des Cellules Hepatiques
• Publié dans Antiviral Therapy le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : Objective To achieve a better understand of the pathophysiology of HIV-related lipoatrophy, we compared the mRNA expression of adipocytokines in fat samples from patients and healthy HIV-seronegative controls together with fat morphology and we studied the relationship between changes in fat morphology, adipocytokine expression, markers of adipose tissue differentiation and whole body insulin sensitivity. Design Cross-sectional analytical study. Subjects and methods The mRNA expression of adipocytokines and transcriptional factors in fat samples from 26 patients with peripheral lipoatrophy (all under anti-retroviral therapy associating protease inhibitor and nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors) and from 16 non-HIV-infected controls was measured by real time quantitative RT-PCR. Fat morphology was assessed histologically on a subgroup of 10 patients and six controls: collagen fibres by Sirius Red staining, apoptosis by the TUNEL technique, vessels by smooth muscle α-actin staining and macrophages by CD68 staining. Insulin resistance was assessed by using the homeostasis model assessment. Results The patients’ fat showed higher values of apoptosis ( P=0.005), fibrosis ( P<0.05), vessel density ( P=0.001) and macrophage infiltration ( P<0.05) than the controls’ fat, together with lower adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels and higher interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA levels. TNFα and IL-6 expression correlated positively with the level of apoptosis ( P=0.05 and P<0.05, respectively) and negatively with CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α ( P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). Apoptosis correlated negatively with the expression level of sterol-regulatory-element-binding-protein-1c (SREBP1c) ( P=0.01) and C/EBPα ( P=0.01) whilst the vessel density correlated negatively with SREBP1c ( P<0.005), C/EBPα ( P=0.001) and β ( P=0.001). Adiponectin and leptin expression correlated positively with each other, and also with adipogenic marker expression and overall insulin sensitivity. These relationships were also present when the patient group was studied separately. Finally, fat morphological abnormalities correlated positively with whole body insulin resistance. Conclusions Adipose tissue from patients with HIV-1-related lipoatrophy shows increased apoptosis, together with decreased adipocyte differentiation. Increased TNFα and IL-6 expression could be a major phenomenon linking these alterations. Decreased adiponectin and leptin expression, which may result from decreased adipocyte differentiation, could be involved in the observed whole body insulin resistance.

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