Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Jean-Luc BarayJean LeveauSerge BaldyJean JouzelPhilippe KeckhutGilles BergamettiGérard AncelletHassan BencherifBertrand CadetM. CarleerChristine DavidM. de MazièreDenis FaduilheSophie GodinPhilippe GoloubFlorence GoutailJean-Marc MetzgerBéatrice MorelJean-Pierre PommereauJacques PorteneuveThierry PortafaixFrançoise PosnyLaurent RobertM. van Roozendael
• Organismes : Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Service d'aéronomie Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique
• Publié dans International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis le 06/02/2024

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Résumé : The assessment of changes induced by human activities on Earth atmospheric composition and thus on global climate requires a long-term and regular survey of the stratospheric and tropospheric atmospheric layers. The objective of this paper is to describe the atmospheric observations performed continuously at Reunion Island (55.5° east, 20.8° south) for 15 years. The various instruments contributing to the systematic observations are described as well as the measured parameters, the accuracy and the database. The LiDAR systems give profiles of temperature, aerosols and ozone in the troposphere and stratosphere, probes give profiles of temperature, ozone and relative humidity, radiometers and spectrometers give stratospheric and tropospheric integrated columns of a variety of atmospheric trace gases. Data are included in international networks, and used for satellite validation. Moreover, some scientific activities for which this station offers exceptional opportunities are highlighted, especially air mass exchanges nearby dynamical barriers: (1) On the vertical scale through the tropical tropopause layer (stratosphere-troposphere exchange). (2) On the quasi-horizontal scale across the southern subtropical barrier separating the tropical stratospheric reservoir from mid- and high latitudes.

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Fichiers liés : Baray et al, JEM 2006_hal.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : V. GuénardPhilippe DrobinskiJean-Luc CacciaGilles TedeschiP. Currier
• Organismes : Service d'aéronomie
• Publié dans Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : This paper investigates the fundamental processes involved in a severe Mistral event that occurred during the Mesoscale Alpine Program (from 6 to 9 November 1999). The Mistral refers to a violent north/north-westerly wind blowing in south-eastern France from the Rhône valley to the French Riviera. The study is based on measurements from radiosoundings launched from Lyon and Nîmes and from two UHF wind profilers located near Marseille and Toulon allowing a good description of the flow in the complex terrain formed by the south-western Alps. Observational results are compared with RAMS non-hydrostatic numerical simulations performed with 27 km, 9 km and 3 km nested grids. The numerical simulations capture the flow complexity both upstream of the Alps and in the coastal area affected by the Mistral. They correctly reproduce horizontal wind speeds and directions, vertical velocities, virtual potential temperature and relative humidity documented by the observational network. The simulations are used to point out the main dynamical processes generating the Mistral. It is found that flow splitting around the Alps and around the isolated peaks bordering the south-eastern part of the Rhône valley (Mont Ventoux 1909 m, Massif du Lubéron 1425 m) induces the low-level jet observed near Marseille that lasts for 36 hours. The high-resolution simulation indicates that the transient low-level jet lasting for only 9 hours observed at Toulon is due to a gravity wave breaking over local topography (the Sainte Baume 1147 m) where hydraulic jumps are involved. A mountain wake with two opposite-sign potential-vorticity banners is generated. The mesoscale wake explains the westward progression of the large-scale Alpine wake.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Brigitte GranelYannick AllanoreChristophe ChevillardViolaine ArnaudSandrine MarquetPierre-Jean WeillerJean-Marc DurandJean-Robert HarléClaire GrangeYves FrancesPhilippe BerbisJean GaudartPhilippe De MiccoAndré KahanAlain Dessein
• Organismes : Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM] Service de rhumatologie [CHU Cochin] Génétique et immunologie des maladies parasitaires UNIROUEN - UFR Santé Service de Médecine Interne Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL] Service de Chirurgie Centre de Recherche Roland Mousnier Histoire et Civilisation Service de Médecine interne [CHU Saint-Etienne] Laboratoire d'informatique Fondamentale de Marseille - UMR 6166 Service de rhumatologie [CHU Cochin] Génétique et immunologie des maladies parasitaires
• Publié dans Journal of Rheumatology le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : no abstract

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Jean-Michel ConstantinJean-Paul MiraRenaud GuerinSophie Cayot-ConstantinOlivier LesensFlorence GourdonJean-Pierre RomaszkoPhilippe LinvalHenri LaurichesseJean-Etienne Bazin
• Organismes : Unité de soins intensifs [Clermont Ferrand] Institut Cochin Unité de soins intensifs [Clermont Ferrand] Unité de soins intensifs [Clermont Ferrand] Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] Service Bactériologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] Unité de soins intensifs Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] Unité de soins intensifs [Clermont Ferrand]
• Publié dans BMC Infectious Diseases le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : BACKGROUND: Lemierre's syndrome presents a classic clinical picture, the pathophysiology of which remains obscure. Attempts have been made to trace genetic predispositions that modify the host detection of pathogen or the resultant systemic reaction. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year old female, with no previous medical history, was admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome and Lemierre's syndrome. Her DNA was assayed for single nucleotide polymorphisms previously incriminated in the detection of the pathogen, the inflammatory response and the coagulation cascade. We observed functional variations in her Toll like 5 receptor (TLR 5) gene and two coagulation variations (Tissue Factor (TF) 603 and Plasminogen-Activator-Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G-4G homozygosity) associated with thrombotic events. CONCLUSION: The innate immune response and the prothrombogenic mutations could explain, at least in part, the symptoms of Lemierre's syndrome. Genomic study of several patients with Lemierre's syndrome may reveal its pathophysiology.

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Fichiers liés : 1471-2334-6-115.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Alice BerthelotIvan FaveroGuillaume CassaboisChristophe VoisinClaude DelalandePhilippe RoussignolJ.-M. Gérard
• Organismes : Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs

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Résumé : Les boîtes quantiques de semiconducteurs sont des nanostructures à l'intérieur desquelles le confinement tridimensionnel des porteurs conduit à une discrétisation des niveaux d'énergie. Cette discrétisation limite a priori le couplage entre les porteurs confinés dans la boîte et l'environnement extérieur. Dans une expérience de photoluminescence, des paires électron-trou sont créées de manière non-résonante à l'aide d'une excitation lumineuse et après relaxation des porteurs dans la boîte quantique, la recombinaison d'une paire électron-trou conduit à l'émission d'un photon. L'étude du spectre d'émission permet d'étudier le couplage de la boîte quantique à l'environnement et dans l'hypothèse où ce couplage est négligeable, on s'attend à des temps de décohérence très longs voisins du temps de vie radiatif. Pourtant les expériences montrent que la raie de la photoluminescence d'une boîte quantique unique a une largeur plus grande que la largeur naturelle, ce qui montre l'existence d'un couplage même dans le régime des basses températures. Dans nos expériences nous avons étudié les profils de raie de photoluminescence de boîte quantique unique InAs/GaAs par spectroscopie par transformée de Fourier à très haute résolution spectrale. Dans ma présentation je montrerai nos derniers résultats sur le phénomène de diffusion spectrale. L'étude de l'élargissement en température et en puissance de la raie de photoluminescence de boîte unique montre une transition entre des profils de raie lorentzien et gaussien, que nous interprétons à l'aide d'un mécanisme de rétrécissement par le mouvement très original.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Alice BerthelotIvan FaveroGuillaume CassaboisChristophe VoisinClaude DelalandePhilippe RoussignolJ.-M. Gérard
• Organismes : Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Jean-Jacques CorneePhilippe MunchFrédéric QuillévéréPierre MoissetteIuliana VasilievWout KrijgsmanChrystèle VeratiChristophe Lécuyer
• Organismes : PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere Géologie des Systèmes Carbonatés PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere Géoazur PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere
• Publié dans Earth and Planetary Science Letters le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : We discovered a volcaniclastic layer in the Plio-Pleistocene coastal sequences on the island of Rhodes (Aegean fore-arc, Greece). Here, we present an integrated isotopic, magnetostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic (planktonic foraminifers) study for the Haraki section, where this layer is found intercalated in several meters of sedimentary rocks corresponding to the Lindos Bay clay Member of the Rhodes Formation. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the volcaniclastic layer provides an age of 1.89±0.09 Ma, which is consistent with our planktonic foraminiferal data. Magnetostratigraphic results show that the entire Haraki section is of normal polarity and according to the isotopic results this corresponds to the Olduvai subchron (1.95–1.77 Ma). The new age determination provides severe constraints for deciphering the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of Rhodes since the Late Pliocene, which can be summarized in the following: (1) 500 to 600 m drowning during the latest Pliocene that could be related to the westward motion of the Anatolian Plate; (2) at least 520 m of uplift at around 1.4–1.3 Ma related to activity of the sinistral strike-slip of the Pliny Trench, the deep Rhodes basin being separated from the island of Rhodes; (3) a counterclockwise rotation of Rhodes, younger than 1.2–1.1 Ma, and possibly synchronous with the young clockwise rotation of the western Aegean arc.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Sophie BastinPhilippe DrobinskiVincent GuénardJean-Luc CacciaBernard CampistronAlain DabasPatricia DelvilleOlivier ReitebuchChristian Werner
• Organismes : Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre Laboratoire d'aérologie Centre national de recherches météorologiques Division technique INSU/SDU Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln]
• Publié dans Monthly Weather Review le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The three-dimensional structure and dynamics of the combination of the sea breeze and the mistral at the Rhône Valley exit, in southeastern France, have been investigated experimentally and numerically on 22 June 2001. The mistral refers to a severe northerly wind that develops along the Rhône Valley. The exit of this valley is located near the Mediterranean Sea where sea-breeze circulation often develops. The sea breeze and the mistral coexist this day because of the weakness of this mistral event. The event was documented in the framework of the Expérience sur Site pour Contraindre les Modèles de Pollution Atmosphérique et de Transport d'Emissions (ESCOMPTE) field experiment. Several important data sources are used (airborne Doppler lidar, UHF wind profilers, radiosoundings, and surface stations) as well as nonhydrostatic mesoscale simulations. This paper examines the various mechanisms that drive the time and spatial variability of the mistral and the sea breeze in various regions of the Rhône Valley. In the morning, the sea breeze penetrates inland near the western side of the Rhône Valley then moves back because of the reinforcement of the mistral flow caused by the deepening of the leeward surface low due to convection at noon. At midday, the sea breeze penetrates inland in the middle of the Rhône Valley only. In contrast to pure sea-breeze episodes when the sea breeze can extend inland over a horizontal range of more than 150 km, the presence of the mistral prevents the sea breeze from penetrating more than 40 km onshore. In the late afternoon, the sea breeze reaches the eastern side of the Rhône Valley but over a smaller horizontal range because of higher local topography and because the mistral is more intense in this part of the Rhône Valley. The situations of sea-breeze–mistral interactions can have a severe impact on regional air quality. Indeed, the southerly sea breeze, which advects toward the countryside the pollutants emitted from the large coastal city of Marseille, France, and its industrialized suburbs, cannot penetrate far inland because of the mistral blowing in the opposite direction. This leads to the stagnation of the pollutants near the area of emission that is also the most densely inhabited area of the region (over one million inhabitants).

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Fichiers liés : mwr3116_1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Bolivar CaceresBernard FrancouVincent FavierGuillaume BontronPierre TachkerRodolphe BucherJean-Denis TaupinMathias VuilleLuis MaisinchoFanny DelachauxJean-Philippe ChazarinEric CadierMarcos Villacis
• Organismes : Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hydrología Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Unité de Recherche Great Ice Climate System Research Center Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hydrología GREAT ICE GREAT ICE GREAT ICE GREAT ICE

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Résumé : Besides the Lewis glacier in Kenya, Glacier 15 of Antisana, Ecuador (5760–4830 m, 0.28 km2) is the only one which provides regular information regarding glacier mass balance near to the Equator (Annual Report of the World Services for the Monitoring of Glaciers, WGMS 2005) to the scientific community. The surface of the glacier had been re-constructed using aerial-photogrammetry from 1956 to 1997. Since 1994, direct measurements have been taken over the terminal zone at the glacier tongue using topography. That process has shown the changes at the glacier limits and has determined the superficial speed at the terminal zone of the tongue (ablation zone). At the ablation zone (<5100 m) a wide net of stakes have been installed in order to measure the evolution of the glacier mass each month since 1995. In addition, holes to measure accumulation have been dug in the ablation zone at the end of the hydrological year (December–January) in order to calculate the net specific annual balance. Glacier 15 has lost an average of 600 mm of water a year since 1995 (11 years). The inter-annual variation is wide: very negative balances were observed in 1995 and 2002, two positive balances in 1999 and 2000, and negative balances for the remaining years. The dynamics of the glacier show a mass balance with very noticeable fluctuations. These variations are well synchronized with the glacier evolution. The variability of the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) has been an important factor in controlling the mass evolution of the Ecuadorian glaciers and the climate conditions. Those factors caused advances and retreats on the glaciers according to La Niña (cold event) or El Niño (warm event), respectively. This study has shown the relationship between glaciology and availability of hydrological sources.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2006
• Auteurs : Robert BarbaultJean-François J.-F. SoussanaPierre-Olivier DrègePhilippe DuchèneJean-Philippe PalasiEdouard Toulouse
• Organismes : Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont Office National des Forêts Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture Comité français de l'Union Mondiale pour la Nature World Wide Fund for Nature

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