Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2004
• Auteurs : Christine GrangerPhilippe BareyJean-Pierre da CostaMaud Cansell
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Milieux Dispersés Alimentaires Degussa Food Ingredients Degussa Food Ingredients Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système Laboratoire des Milieux Dispersés Alimentaires

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2004
• Auteurs : Martine SimoesJean‐philippe AvouacRodolphe CattinPierre Henry
• Organismes : Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Département de Géologie
• Publié dans Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth le 27/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 23/09/2004
• Auteurs : Philippe ZeitounGabriel FaivreStéphane SebbanTomas MocekA. HallouMarta FajardoD. AubertPh. BalcouFrédéric BurgyD. DouilletS. KazamiasG. de Lachèze-MurelT. LefrouS. Le PapeP. MercèreHamed MerdjiAnne-Sophie MorlensJean-Philippe RousseauC. Valentin
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Centro de Física dos Plasmas DAM Île-de-France Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière DAM Île-de-France Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée
• Publié dans Nature le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Synchrotrons have for decades provided invaluable sources of soft X-rays, the application of which has led to significant progress in many areas of science and technology. But future applications of soft X-rays—in structural biology, for example—anticipate the need for pulses with much shorter duration (femtoseconds) and much higher energy (millijoules) than those delivered by synchrotrons. Soft X-ray free-electron lasers1 should fulfil these requirements but will be limited in number; the pressure on beamtime is therefore likely to be considerable. Laser-driven soft X-ray sources offer a comparatively inexpensive and widely available alternative, but have encountered practical bottlenecks in the quest for high intensities. Here we establish and characterize a soft X-ray laser chain that shows how these bottlenecks can in principle be overcome. By combining the high optical quality available from high-harmonic laser sources (as a seed beam) with a highly energetic soft X-ray laser plasma amplifier, we produce a tabletop soft X-ray femtosecond laser operating at 10 Hz and exhibiting full saturation, high energy, high coherence and full polarization. This technique should be readily applicable on all existing laser-driven soft X-ray facilities.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 22/09/2004
• Auteurs : Philippe VezinJean-Pierre Verriest
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs

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Fichiers liés : Vezin et Verriest - 2004 - Evaluation of the Simulated Response of the Human .pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 21/09/2004
• Auteurs : Julia PoulyAlbert HagègeJean-Thomas VilquinAlvine BisseryAndrée RouchePatrick BrunevalDenis DubocMichel DesnosMarc FiszmanYves FromesPhilippe Menasché
• Organismes : Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié Therapie Cellulaire en Pathologie Cardio-Vasculaire Institut de Myologie Hôpital Broussais Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Therapie Cellulaire en Pathologie Cardio-Vasculaire Hôpital Broussais Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié Institut de Myologie Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié Institut de Myologie Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] Therapie Cellulaire en Pathologie Cardio-Vasculaire Hôpital Broussais Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié Institut de Myologie Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié Institut de Myologie Therapie Cellulaire en Pathologie Cardio-Vasculaire Hôpital Broussais Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
• Publié dans Circulation le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Background— The benefits of skeletal myoblast (SM) transplantation on infarcted myocardium have been investigated extensively; however, little is known about its effects in nonischemic cardiomyopathy models. To address this issue, we tested SM transplantation in CHF147 Syrian hamsters, a strain characterized by a δ-sarcoglycan deficiency that phenotypically features the human setting of primary dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results— Cell culture techniques were used to prepare ≈5×10 6 muscle cells from autologous tibialis anterior muscle, of which 50% were SMs (desmin staining). The cells were injected in 6 sites across the left ventricular wall (n=14). Control animals (n=12) received equivalent volumes of culture medium. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed in a blinded fashion from 2D echocardiographic left ventricular fractional area change, before transplantation, and 4 weeks later. Explanted hearts were processed for the detection of myotubes and quantification of fibrosis. Baseline functional data did not differ between the 2 groups. Four weeks after transplantation, 6 of the 10 surviving grafted hamsters were improved compared with 0 of the 8 survivors of the control group. This translated into a 6% decrease in fractional area change in controls compared with a 24% increase in cell-transplanted hamsters ( P =0.001). Engrafted myotubes were consistently detected in all SM transplanted hearts by immunohistochemistry, whereas fibrosis was not worsened by cell injections. Conclusions— These data suggest that the functional benefits of SM transplantation might extend to nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 21/09/2004
• Auteurs : Laila HassaniÉdouard HnawiaGeneviève BourdyJean WaikedreÉric DeharoPierre CabalionStéphane BertaniPhilippe EsterreBruno Fogliani
• Organismes : Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie Pharmacochimie des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Pharmacochimie des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Pharmacochimie des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales Appliquées

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Résumé : Le paludisme, maladie parasitaire causée par un hématozoaire du genre Plasmodium touche près de 41% de la population mondiale et pose un problème majeur de santé publique. En effet, les traitements classiques s'avèrent de plus en plus inefficaces en raison de l'émergence de résistances ce qui rend nécessaire la mise au point de nouveaux médicaments antimalariques.

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Fichiers liés : 04Antipalu SNPoster CayenneA4.pdf

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 15/09/2004
• Auteurs : Jacques J. RangerJ-D. NzilaBernhard ZellerJean-Paul LaclauJean-Pierre BouilletPhilippe DeleporteJudicaël MoukoumiJ-H. JussyJ-N. Marien
• Organismes : Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers UMR INRA / ENSAM : Rhizosphère et Symbiose UMR INRA / ENSAM : Rhizosphère et Symbiose

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 11/09/2004
• Auteurs : Eric ChassefièreJean-Loup BertauxJean-Jacques BerthelierMichel CabaneValérie CiarlettiGeorges DurryFrançois ForgetMichel HamelinFrançois LeblancMichel MenvielleM. GerasimovOleg KorablevS. LinkinG. ManagadzeA. JambonG. ManhèsPhilippe LognonnéP. AgrinierPierre CartignyD. GiardiniT. PikeW. KofmanA. HeriquePatrice CollA. PersonF. M. CostardPhilippe SardaPhilippe PaillouM. ChaussidonBernard MartyFlorent RobertS. MauriceM. BlancC. d'UstonJ.-Ch. SabrouxJ.-F. PineauPierre Rochette
• Organismes : Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Institut für Informationssysteme Imperial College London Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques Laboratoire de minéralogie Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement
• Publié dans Advances in Space Research le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : In view to prepare Mars human exploration, it is necessary to promote and lead, at the international level, a highly interdisciplinary program, involving specialists of geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheric science, space weather, and biology. The goal of this program will be to elaborate concepts of individual instruments, then of integrated instrumental packages, able to collect exhaustive data sets of environmental parameters from future landers and rovers of Mars, and to favour the conditions of their implementation. Such a program is one of the most urgent need for preparing human exploration, in order to develop mitigation strategies aimed at ensuring the safety of human explorers, and minimizing risk for surface operations. A few main areas of investigation may be listed: particle and radiation environment, chemical composition of atmosphere, meteorology, chemical composition of dust, surface and subsurface material, water in the subsurface, physical properties of the soil, search for an hypothesized microbial activity, characterization of radio-electric properties of the Martian ionosphere. Scientists at the origin of the present paper, already involved at a high degree of responsibility in several Mars missions, and actively preparing in situ instrumentation for future landed platforms (Netlander - now cancelled, MSL-09), express their readiness to participate in both ESA/AURORA and NASA programs of Mars human exploration. They think that the formation of a Mars Environment working group at ESA, in the course of the AURORA definition phase, could act positively in favour of the program, by increasing its scientific cross-section and making it still more focused on human exploration. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 07/09/2004
• Auteurs : Pierre-Alain GuidaultO. AllixLaurent ChampaneyJean-Philippe Navarro
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie Laboratoire d'Etudes Mécaniques des Assemblages Dassault Aviation

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Résumé : Today, structural analysis involving cracking is being reconsidered in the light of emerging new methods, such as the Strong Discontinuity Approach (SDA) introduced by Simo, Oliver and Armero. Other approaches, such as the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and the Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM), make use of the Partition of Unity Method (PUM) first introduced by Melenk and Babuška in 1996. By enabling one to enrich the kinematics of continuous media, these techniques allow the introduction of discontinuities into the displacement field using only a relatively small number of degrees of freedom. One of the main advantages in this case is that the mesh does not have to conform to the crack's geometry. These techniques greatly simplify the meshing and remeshing processes which, despite the improvement of meshing tools, remain tedious tasks for engineers confronted with crack propagation situations. However, these techniques do not completely incorporate the multiscale aspect induced by the localization of strains in the cracked zone. Generally, they require further remeshing around the crack: thus, the remeshing problem is only partially resolved. Moreover, conditioning difficulties remain because of the treatment of multiscale phenomena without separation. To overcome these two difficulties, the strategy we developed in cooperation with Dassault Aviation is based on a two-scale approach in which the enrichment is introduced on the microscale. The process involved is a combination of two techniques. The first technique stems from work done at LMT-Cachan, which has been developing computational strategies with a strong mechanical meaning which makes them efficient. More precisely, this technique consists in applying the recently developed micro-macro approach based on a homogenization technique. The microscale is associated with local phenomena which occur around the crack. This is a much smaller scale than the macroscale, which corresponds to the whole structure. This multiscale approach ensures a correct global-local interaction between the macroscale and the microscale. The second technique, known as the PUM, is used to define a proper representation of the local solution (in terms of discontinuity and solution at the crack's tip) on the microscale. The integration of enrichment functions is obtained by the XFEM. With this scale separation, the macroproblem keeps the same structure throughout the calculation while the whole numerical effort is directed towards the microlevel. In the micro-macro approach, the fact that a crack affects both the local level and the global level raises the question of the kinematics and the description of forces on the two scales. The simplest solution consists in keeping the "usual" macroscopic description. Some examples showing the feasibility, but also the disadvantages, of such a method are presented. Consequently, different means of enriching the macroscale to improve the description of the macrokinematics are studied and illustrated. The integration of the PUM on the microlevel will be the subject of a subsequent paper.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 02/09/2004
• Auteurs : Nicolas BrunelVincent HakimPhilippe IsopeJean-Pierre NadalBoris Barbour
• Organismes : Neurophysique et physiologie du système moteur Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Laboratoire de Neurobiologie (UMR 8544) Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Laboratoire de Neurobiologie (UMR 8544)
• Publié dans Neuron le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : It is widely believed that synaptic modifications underlie learning and memory. However, few studies have examined what can be deduced about the learning process from the distribution of synaptic weights. We analyze the perceptron, a prototypical feedforward neural network, and obtain the optimal synaptic weight distribution for a perceptron with excitatory synapses. It contains more than 50% silent synapses, and this fraction increases with storage reliability: silent synapses are therefore a necessary byproduct of optimizing learning and reliability. Exploiting the classical analogy between the perceptron and the cerebellar Purkinje cell, we fitted the optimal weight distribution to that measured for granule cell-Purkinje cell synapses. The two distributions agreed well, suggesting that the Purkinje cell can learn up to 5 kilobytes of information, in the form of 40,000 input-output associations.

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