Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Philippe CiaisP. ReichsteinNicolas ViovyA. GranierJérôme OgéeV. AllardM. AubinetN. BuchmannC. BernhoferA. CarraraF. ChevallierN. de NobletA. FriendPierre FriedlingsteinT. GrünwaldBernard HeineschP. KeronenA. KnohlGerhard KrinnerDenis LoustauG. MancaG. MatteucciF. MigliettaJean-Marc OurcivalDario PapaleKim PilegaardSerge RambalG. SeufertJean-François SoussanaM. J. SanzE.D. SchulzeT. VesalaR. Valentini
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-ATC Università degli studi della Tuscia = Tuscia University [Viterbo] Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont Institute of Plant Sciences Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden] Foundation CEAM Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Institute of Plant Sciences Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement Università degli studi della Tuscia = Tuscia University [Viterbo] CNR-ISAFOM CNR-ISAFOM JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Università degli studi della Tuscia = Tuscia University [Viterbo] Biosystems Division [Roskilde] Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont Foundation CEAM Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki] Università degli studi della Tuscia = Tuscia University [Viterbo]
• Publié dans Nature le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Future climate warming is expected to enhance plant growth in temperate ecosystems and to increase carbon sequestration. But although severe regional heatwaves may become more frequent in a changing climate their impact on terrestrial carbon cycling is unclear. Here we report measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes, remotely sensed radiation absorbed by plants, and country-level crop yields taken during the European heatwave in 2003.We use a terrestrial biosphere simulation model to assess continental-scale changes in primary productivity during 2003, and their consequences for the net carbon balance. We estimate a 30 per cent reduction in gross primary productivity over Europe, which resulted in a strong anomalous net source of carbon dioxide (0.5 Pg Cyr21) to the atmosphere and reversed the effect of four years of net ecosystem carbon sequestration. Our results suggest that productivity reduction in eastern and western Europe can be explained by rainfall deficit and extreme summer heat, respectively. We also find that ecosystem respiration decreased together with gross primary productivity, rather than accelerating with the temperature rise. Model results, corroborated by historical records of crop yields, suggest that such a reduction in Europe's primary productivity is unprecedented during the last century. An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.

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Fichiers liés : Ciais2005_full.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Pierre FerronJean-Philippe Deguine
• Organismes :
• Publié dans Agronomy for Sustainable Development le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : In a context of rationalised agriculture integrating the principles of sustainable development, preventive measures for crop protection are called upon to play a dominant role. These preventive measures are based on close knowledge of the functioning of agroecosystems. They are aimed at managing biological pests and their natural enemies, first through action on their habitats both in crop fields and in the non-cultivated part of the farm. A balance of the biological control possibilities available is drawn up and attention paid to the application of recent knowledge in conservation biology. The bases of pest control with a ranking of the various intervention techniques are then set out. Implementation means the development of cropping systems and therefore increased participation by agronomists and also a break with certain agronomic practices commonly used by farmers today.

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Fichiers liés : hal-00886278.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Nathalie BalandraudPhilippe GouretEtienne G.J. DanchinM BlancD ZinnJean RoudierPierre Pontarotti
• Organismes : Evolution biologique Immunogenetique de la Polyarthrite Rhumatoide Evolution biologique Evolution biologique Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques Evolution biologique Evolution biologique Immunogenetique de la Polyarthrite Rhumatoide Evolution biologique
• Publié dans BMC Genomics le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : BACKGROUND: large scale and reliable proteins' functional annotation is a major challenge in modern biology. Phylogenetic analyses have been shown to be important for such tasks. However, up to now, phylogenetic annotation did not take into account expression data (i.e. ESTs, Microarrays, SAGE, ...). Therefore, integrating such data, like ESTs in phylogenetic annotation could be a major advance in post genomic analyses. We developed an approach enabling the combination of expression data and phylogenetic analysis. To illustrate our method, we used an example protein family, the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), probably implied in Rheumatoid Arthritis. RESULTS: the analysis was performed as follows: we built a phylogeny of PAD proteins from the NCBI's NR protein database. We completed the phylogenetic reconstruction of PADs using an enlarged sequence database containing translations of ESTs contigs. We then extracted all corresponding expression data contained in EST database This analysis allowed us 1/To extend the spectrum of homologs-containing species and to improve the reconstruction of genes' evolutionary history. 2/To deduce an accurate gene expression pattern for each member of this protein family. 3/To show a correlation between paralogous sequences' evolution rate and pattern of tissular expression. CONCLUSION: coupling phylogenetic reconstruction and expression data is a promising way of analysis that could be applied to all multigenic families to investigate the relationship between molecular and transcriptional evolution and to improve functional annotation.

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Fichiers liés : 1471-2164-6-153.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Philippe DessusEric AllègreJean-Jacques Maurice
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Éducation (Grenoble) Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Éducation (Grenoble) Centre de Recherches en Education Formation et Insertion de Toulouse
• Publié dans L'Année de la Recherche en Sciences de l'Éducation le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : La plupart des méthodes classiques d'analyse de situations d'enseignement considèrent ces dernières comme des environnements statiques : un événement est la conséquence de l'événement précédent. Dans cet article, nous considérons l'enseignement comme la supervision d'un environnement dynamique, dans lequel chaque événement a une signification au sein d'un épisode. Dans ce cadre, nous ré-analysons un corpus de données d'observations de 41 situations-problèmes de mathématiques en école primaire. Nous utilisons un outil statistique d'analyse factorielle, l'analyse de la sémantique latente, permettant de rendre compte de la similarité de deux événements, ou deux épisodes dans une séance. Nous montrons que cet outil permet, sans qu'aucune correspondance entre épisode et type d'événement n'ait été établie a priori, de classer la majorité des épisodes selon leur objet (énoncé d'un problème, recherche ou correction).

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Fichiers liés : arse05-1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Vincent GuenardPhilippe DrobinskiJean-Luc CacciaBernard CampistronBruno Bench
• Organismes : Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre Service d'aéronomie Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre Laboratoire d'aérologie Laboratoire d'aérologie
• Publié dans Boundary-Layer Meteorology le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : We investigate the mesoscale dynamics of the mistral through the wind profiler observations of the MAP (autumn 1999) and ESCOMPTE (summer 2001) field campaigns. We show that the mistral wind field can dramatically change on a time scale less than 3 hours. Transitions from a deep to a shallow mistral are often observed at any season when the lower layers are stable. The variability, mainly attributed in summer to the mistral/land–sea breeze interactions on a 10-km scale, is highlighted by observations from the wind profiler network set up during ESCOMPTE. The interpretations of the dynamical mistral structure are performed through comparisons with existing basic theories. The linear theory of R. B. Smith [Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 31, 1989, Academic Press, 1–41] and the shallow water theory [Schär, C. and Smith, R. B.: 1993a, J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 1373–1400] give some complementary explanations for the deep-to-shallow transition especially for the MAP mistral event. The wave breaking process induces a low-level jet (LLJ) downstream of the Alps that degenerates into a mountain wake, which in turn provokes the cessation of the mistral downstream of the Alps. Both theories indicate that the flow splits around the Alps and results in a persistent LLJ at the exit of the Rhône valley. The LLJ is strengthened by the channelling effect of the Rhône valley that is more efficient for north-easterly than northerly upstream winds despite the north–south valley axis. Summer moderate and weak mistral episodes are influenced by land–sea breezes and convection over land that induce a very complex interaction that cannot be accurately described by the previous theories.

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Fichiers liés : Guenard2005.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Xavier RodetJean-Philippe LambertRoland CahenFlorian GosselinPascal Mobuchon
• Organismes : Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris]

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Résumé : The Phase project : haptic and visual interaction for music exploration

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Philippe DulbeccoJean-Pierre Allegret
• Organismes : Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : David AzriaFrédéric BibeauNicolas BarbierAbderrahim ZouhairClaire LemanskiPhilippe RouanetMarc YchouPierre SenesseMahmut OzsahinAndré PèlegrinJean-Bernard DuboisSimon Thezenas
• Organismes : Département de radiothérapie Immunociblage des Tumeurs et Ingenierie des Anticorps Laboratoire d'anatomo-pathologie Département de radiothérapie Département de radiothérapie Département de Radiothérapie Département de radiothérapie Département de chirugie oncologique Immunociblage des Tumeurs et Ingenierie des Anticorps Département d'oncologie médicale et digestive Département d'oncologie médicale et digestive Département de Radiothérapie Immunociblage des Tumeurs et Ingenierie des Anticorps Département de radiothérapie Unité de Biostatistiques
• Publié dans BMC Cancer le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a major target for current radiosensitizing strategies. We wished to ascertain whether a correlation exists between the expression of EGFR and treatment outcome in a group of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who had undergone preoperative radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Within a six-year period, 138 patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for rectal cancer (UICC stages II-III) at our institute. Among them, 77 pretherapeutic tumor biopsies were available for semi-quantitative immunohistochemical investigation evaluating the intensity and the number (extent) of tumor stained cells. Statistical analyses included Cox regression for calculating risk ratios of survival endpoints and logistic regression for determining odds ratios for the development of loco-regional recurrences. RESULTS: Median age was 64 years (range: 30-88). Initial staging showed 75% and 25% stage II and III tumors, respectively. RT consisted of 44-Gy pelvic irradiation in 2-Gy fractions using 18-MV photons. In 25 very low-rectal-cancer patients the primary tumor received a boost dose of up to 16 Gy for a sphincter-preservation approach. Concomitant chemotherapy was used in 17% of the cases. All patients underwent complete total mesorectal resection. Positive staining (EGFR+) was observed in 43 patients (56%). Median follow-up was 36 months (range: 6-86). Locoregional recurrence rates were 7 and 20% for EGFR extent inferior and superior to 25%, respectively. The corresponding locoregional recurrence-free survival rate at two years was 94% (95% confidence interval, CI, 92-98%) and 84% (CI 95%, 58-95%), respectively (P = 0.06). Multivariate analyses showed a significant correlation between the rate of loco-regional recurrence and three parameters: EGFR extent superior to 25% (hazard ratio = 7.18, CI 95%, 1.17-46, P = 0.037), rectal resection with microscopic residue (hazard ratio = 6.92, CI 95%, 1.18-40.41, P = 0.032), and a total dose of 44 Gy (hazard ratio = 5.78, CI 95%, 1.04-32.05, P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: EGFR expression impacts on loco-regional recurrence. Knowledge of expression of EGFR in rectal cancer could contribute to the identification of patients with an increased risk of recurrences, and to the prediction of prognosis.

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Fichiers liés : 1471-2407-5-62.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : C. MendibidePhilippe SteyerJean-Pierre Millet
• Organismes : Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne]
• Publié dans Surface and Coatings Technology le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Corrosion resistance of nanomultilayered TiN/CrN coatings has been evaluated in saline aqueous neutral solution and compared with monolayered TiN and CrN references. Coatings have been deposited by magnetron sputtering on M2 tool steel, as well as on glass strip, to determine their intrinsic electrochemical behavior. Corrosion resistance afforded by CrN is better than TiN, which is explained by the formation of a thin oxide passive film with favorable semiconductive properties. Nanostratified structure improves the coating density, but the electrochemical behavior is however mainly controlled by the nature of the outer layer, which must be CrN to optimize protection ability.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2005
• Auteurs : Marc FournierPhilippe RazinOlivier FabbriJean-Paul Breton
• Organismes : Laboratoire de tectonique Environnement, Géo-ingénierie et Développement Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières
• Publié dans Geoarabia le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : On the basis of field observations in the Huqf area in eastern Oman, Montenat et al. (2003) defined an extensional phase of faulting of Aptian age in the Arabian platform (see also Montenat and Barrier, 2002). We recently revisited the fault exposures of the Wadi Sha'bat al Tawraq from which this conclusion has been drawn (location in Figure 1a). Our observations contradict those of Montenat et al. (2003), and consequently our conclusions are opposite from theirs. Here we review the conflicting observations and discuss the different interpretations.

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Fichiers liés : Fournier_et_HAL_GeoArabia_2005.pdf

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