Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2003
• Auteurs : Philippe Jean-Pierre
• Organismes : Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Economique et Sociales de l'Université de La Réunion
• Publié dans Revue juridique de l'Océan Indien le 02/11/2020

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Fichiers liés : rjoi_03_jeanpierre.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2003
• Auteurs : Sylvie Kipfer CoudreauPatrick TounianGeneviève BonhommePhillippe FroguelJean-Philippe GirardetBernard Guy-GrandArnaud BasdevantKarine Clément
• Organismes : Laboratoire de physique des milieux ionisés et applications Génétique des maladies multifactorielles Section of Genomic Medicine Genome Centre Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires Département de nutrition Génétique des maladies multifactorielles Département de nutrition Déterminants Biologiques et Comportementaux des Obésités Service de nutrition Nutrition et obésité : approches génétique et transcriptomique
• Publié dans Obesity Research le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : Acyl-coenzyme A, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), is a key enzyme involved in adipose-cell triglyceride storage. A 79-bp T-to-C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the 3' region of the DGAT transcriptional site has been reported to increase promoter activity and is associated with higher BMI in Turkish women. To validate the possible role of this genetic variant in obesity, as well as the variant's possible cellular-functional significance, we performed an association study between the T79C change and several obesity-related phenotypes in 1357 obese French adults and children. The prevalence of the T79C SNP was similar between obese adults and children when each group was compared with the controls. (CC genotype carrier frequencies were 0.25 to 0.29 in the obese groups and 0.21 in controls; p > 0.05.) In each of the obese adult and child groups studied, the T79C variant was not found to be associated with any of the obesity-related phenotypes tested. Although the T79C SNP of the DGAT gene was studied in several groups of white subjects, the association between this SNP and obesity-related phenotypes, previously described, was not confirmed in our population.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2003
• Auteurs : Philippe CiuciuJean-Baptiste PolineGuillaume MarrelecJérôme IdierChristophe C PallierHabib Benali
• Organismes : Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur Service NEUROSPIN Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle UNF, MIC Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Neuroimagerie cognitive UNF, MIC Imagerie médicale et quantitative Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle
• Publié dans IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : This paper deals with the estimation of the blood oxygen level-dependent response to a stimulus, as measured in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. A precise estimation is essential for a better understanding of cerebral activations. The most recent works have used a nonparametric framework for this estimation, considering each brain region as a system characterized by its impulse response, the so-called hemodynamic response function (HRF). However, the use of these techniques has remained limited since they are not well-adapted to real fMRI data. Here, we develop a threefold extension to previous works. We consider asynchronous event-related paradigms, account for different trial types and integrate several fMRI sessions into the estimation. These generalizations are simultaneously addressed through a badly conditioned observation model. Bayesian formalism is used to model temporal prior information of the underlying physiological process of the brain hemodynamic response. By this way, the HRF estimate results from a tradeoff between information brought by the data and by our prior knowledge. This tradeoff is modeled with hyperparameters that are set to the maximum-likelihood estimate using an expectation conditional maximization algorithm. The proposed unsupervised approach is validated on both synthetic and real fMRI data, the latter originating from a speech perception experiment.

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Fichiers liés : Ciuciu03-TMI.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2003
• Auteurs : Christos E ChadjichristosChafik GhayorMagdalini KypriotouGrégoire MartinRenard EmmanuelleLeena Ala-KokkoGunthram SuskeBenoit de CrombruggheJean-Pierre PujolPhilippe Galéra
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève = University Hospital of Geneva [Genève] Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif University of Oulu [Finland] = Oulun yliopisto [Suomi] = Université d'Oulu [Finlande] Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg MD Anderson Cancer Center [Houston] Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif Laboratoire de Biochimie du tissu conjonctif
• Publié dans Journal of Biological Chemistry le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine that was shown to inhibit the biosynthesis of articular cartilage components. Here we demonstrate that IL-1 beta inhibits the production of newly synthesized collagens in proliferating rabbit articular chondrocytes and that this effect is accompanied by a decrease in the steady-state levels of type II collagen mRNA. IL-1 beta down-regulates COL2A1 gene transcription through a -41/-33 bp sequence that binds a multimeric complex including Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors. Specificity of IL-1 beta effects on COL2A1 promoter activity was demonstrated in experiments in which transfection of a wild type -50/+1 sequence of COL2A1 promoter as a decoy oligonucleotide abolished the IL-1 beta inhibition of a -63/+47 COL2A1-mediated transcription. By contrast, transfection of the related oligonucleotide harboring a targeted mutation in the -41/-33 sequence did not modify the negative effect the cytokine. Because we demonstrated previously that Sp1 was a strong activator of COL2A1 gene expression via the -63/+1 promoter region, whereas Sp3 overexpression blocked Sp1-induced promoter activity and inhibited COL2A1 gene transcription, we conclude that IL-1 beta down-regulation of that gene, as we found previously for transforming growth factor-beta 1, is mediated by an increase in the Sp3/Sp1 ratio. Moreover, IL-1 beta increased steady-state levels of Sp1 and Sp3 mRNAs, whereas it enhanced Sp3 protein expression and inhibited Sp1 protein biosynthesis. Nevertheless, IL-1 beta decreased the binding activity of both Sp1 and Sp3 to the 63-bp short COL2A1 promoter, suggesting that the cytokine exerts a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism on Sp1 and Sp3 gene expressions. Altogether, these data indicate that modulation of Sp3/Sp1 ratio in cartilage could be a potential target to prevent or limit the tissue degradation.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/2003
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe PuyravaudPriya DavidarJean-Pierre PascalB.R. Ramesh
• Organismes : Institut Français de Pondichéry
• Publié dans Biodiversity and Conservation le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The Red Data Book of Indian Plants (RDB) is a reference manual that lists threatened angiosperms, gymnosperms and pterydophytes. Because it is widely used as an analytical tool and is a major reference for impact assessments on vegetation, it is important that the RDB be as comprehensive and up to date as possible. This study is an attempt to cross-check the listings in the RDB using vegetation inventories and another reference manual, the Atlas of Endemics of the Western Ghats, India []. Field inventories across the Western Ghats gave an estimate of the species relative abundances and the Atlas provided quantitative information on the number of records for the endemic species in herbaria, literature, and during field surveys. The results of this analysis indicate that the RDB and the Atlas agree statistically regarding the conservation status of endemic trees. However, the proportion of threatened species per Atlas record category behaves erratically, indicating that some threatened endemic trees are not listed in the RDB. Our results suggest that the status of threatened plant species should be reexamined on a priority basis using quantitative methodology. An updating of the RDB is urgently needed, particularly for the endemic plants of the Western Ghats. We provide a list of species that are likely to be threatened, yet are not listed.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 25/09/2003
• Auteurs : Philippe VezinJean-Pierre Verriest
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs

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Résumé : Four series of sled tests were conducted with cadavers to analyse the response of the human head under different impact conditions (30 and 50kph) and with different types of restraint systems. The restraint systems used were two different force-limited shoulder belts (4 and 6kN), and an airbag coupled with a 4kN belt. The restraint systems and, to a lesser extent, the test conditions modify the behaviour of the head-neck system. Without airbag, the behaviours of the head-neck are driven by the load in the belt. The addition of an airbag influences the behaviour of the head and changes radically the behaviour of the base of the neck (T1). The rotation at the occipital joint in the transverse plane is not negligible. So, the injuries mechanisms of the head-neck could be very different, even if the maximum values of the resultant acceleration are similar for different restraint system.

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Fichiers liés : Vezin et Verriest - 2003 - Influence of the impact and restraint conditions o.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 14/09/2003
• Auteurs : David GuiraudPhilippe PoignetPierre-Brice WieberHassan El MakssoudFrançois PierrotBernard BrogliatoPhilippe FraisseEtienne DombreJean-Louis DivouxPierre Rabischong
• Organismes : Artificial movement and gait restoration Robotique médicale et mécanismes parallèles Modelling, Simulation, Control and Optimization of Non-Smooth Dynamical Systems Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier Robotique médicale et mécanismes parallèles Modelling, Simulation, Control and Optimization of Non-Smooth Dynamical Systems Artificial movement and gait restoration Robotique médicale et mécanismes parallèles MXM-Laboratoires de Techologies Médicales Laboratoire d'Anatomie [CHU Montpellier]

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Résumé : The new generation of implanted neuroprostheses allows muscles to be controlled with fine accuracy, high selectivity and the repeatability of the muscle's response can be achieved. Thus, the closed loop control of such systems becomes possible. The SUAW project succeeded in the implantation of an advanced neuroprosthetic device on two patients, but the movement generation remains open loop and is tuned empirically. Nevertheless, the good results obtained give us the opportunity to envisage the system evolves towards closed loop control and automatic synthesis of the stimulation patterns generating the desired movement. To achieve this goal, some preliminary researches have to be carried out, beginning with a specific modelling that can be used in the context of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The main issues concern muscle modelling including the interaction with the skeleton, fatigue, FES parameters as inputs, and the identification of dynamic parameters, and afterwards, the motion synthesis and the closed loop control based on this model. Besides, the scientific approach is the same as in robotics so that the theoretical tools used in the control theory are the same and directly applicable. This paper describes the results obtained in the previous project SUAW and how we attempt, through the new project DEMAR, to enhance the global performances of the system.

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Fichiers liés : Guiraud2003ICRA.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 11/09/2003
• Auteurs : François BermondPhilippe VezinKarine Bruyère-GarnierJean-Pierre Verriest
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs

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Résumé : In the European Union, the assessment of die protection offered by a vehicle to a restrained occupant in case of frontal collision, is based on biomechanical data measured on the Hybrid III crash test dummy as described by the European Frontal Directive (Directive 96/79/EC). Ibis dummy was developed in the 70's and is based on biomechanical knowledge from that time. The Thor dummy (Test device for Human Occupant Restraint) developed by NHTSA (USA Administration) is based on more recent biomechanical knowledge. Many parts of the dummy have been designed and modified to produce a more humanlike response to frontal impact loading. The general objective of the FID European research program (improved Frontal Impact protection through a world frontal impact Dummy) is a European contribution to the evaluation of a worldwide dummy in the frontal impact. The paper presents new biomechanical data, based PMHS (Post Mortem Human Subject) tests, under different frontal impact conditions. The same tests with exactly the same instrumentation mounted at the same location were performed with Hybrid III and with the Thor-alpha to assess die biofidelity of these dummies with respect to these biomechanical data.

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Fichiers liés : koh49871.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 08/09/2003
• Auteurs : François AssématFrançois HammerÉric GendronFrédéric SayèdePhilippe LaporteMichel MarteaudMathieu PuechJean-Marc ConanThierry FuscoArnaud LiotardFrédéric Zamkotsian
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Ingénieurs, Techniciens et Administratifs Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Ingénieurs, Techniciens et Administratifs Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Astronomie du LESIA Ingénieurs, Techniciens et Administratifs

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 05/09/2003
• Auteurs : Victor Alcaraz-GonzalezRodolfo Salazar-PenaVictor Gonzalez-AlvarezJean-Luc GouzéJean-Philippe Steyer
• Organismes : Departamento de Ingeniería Química [Guadalajara] Departamento de Ingeniería Química [Guadalajara] Departamento de Ingeniería Química [Guadalajara] Modeling and control of renewable resources Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne]

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Résumé : This paper presents a robust nonlinear asymptotic observer with adjustable convergence rate with a great potential of applicability for biological systems in which the main state variables are difficult and expensive to measure or such measurements do not exist. This observer scheme is based on the classical asymptotic observer, which is modified to allow the tuning of the convergence rate. It is shown that the proposed observer provides fast and satisfactory estimates when facing load disturbances, system failures and parameter uncertainty while maintaining the excellent robustness and stability properties of the classical asymptotic observer. The implementation of the tunable observer is carried out by numerical simulations of a mathematical model of an anaerobic digestion process used for wastewater treatment. The key results are examined and further developed. (c) 2004 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

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