Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Thérèse EncrenazJean-Pierre BibringMichel BlancMaria Antonietta BarucciFrançoise RoquesPhilippe Zarka
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Pôle Planétologie du LESIA

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Ludovic NoelsLaurent StainierJean-Philippe Ponthot
• Organismes : Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique European Organization for Nuclear Research

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : M. BergerJordi FontWigneron J.-P.Jean-Christophe CalvetKauzar Saleh ContellErnesto Lopez-BaezaL. SimmondsPaolo FerrazzoliB. van den HurkPhilippe WaldteufelF. PetitcolinAdriaan van de Griend
• Organismes : European Space Research and Technology Centre Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] Unité de bioclimatologie Centre national de recherches météorologiques Unité de bioclimatologie Universitat de València = University of Valencia = Universidade de Valencia
• Publié dans ESA bulletin le 22/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Philippe BotellaFrançois CansellTh. JaszayJean-Pierre FrayretMarie-Hélène Delville
• Organismes : Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux Laboratoire de mécanique des fluides Laboratoire de Mécanique Physique Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux
• Publié dans Journal of Supercritical Fluids le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Electrochemical data concerning metallic materials submitted to aqueous media at high pressures and high temperatures, which are close to the critical point, are scarce. This is essentially due to the difficulties encountered during the setting-up of an appropriate system of analysis. This paper, in the peculiar context of organic wastes supercritical water oxidation, proposes, for both sub and supercritical conditions, some technical solutions to define a cell able to give access to quantitative electrochemical information. For special media (pH≥1.7 and chloride ions content≈1 g/l), using a specific device consisted of a TA6V electrochemical cell, ensuring lasting and chemically inert electrical isolation and water tightness, along with a hydrogen dynamic electrode (HDE), it is possible to obtain reliable ‘current–potential' curves allowing a quantitative exploitation, particularly for corrosion rates determination.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : M. PardéWigneron J.-P.André ChanzyPhilippe WaldteufelYann H. KerrS. Huet
• Organismes : Station de bioclimatologie Station de bioclimatologie INRA CSE Service d'aéronomie Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère Unité de biométrie et intelligence artificielle de Jouy
• Publié dans Remote Sensing of Environment le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The main objective of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission over the land surface is to monitor surface soil moisture (SM) from measurements of the microwave emission at L-band. These measurements will be done at many incidence angles and two polarizations. The multiconfiguration system of SMOS provides the possibility to retrieve one or several surface parameters in addition to soil moisture. Such an approach, referred to as N-parameter retrievals (where N is the number of retrieved parameters), could make the retrieval process more efficient. In this study, this possibility was investigated using an experimental dataset acquired over a wheat field. First, a detailed analysis of the attenuation properties of the wheat canopy, a vertical-stem dominated crop, was made. The results showed that the polarization and incidence angle dependence of attenuation was very significant and could be accurately modeled using only two parameters: the optical depth τ at nadir (τ(θ=0)) and a polarization parameter (Cpol). The need for this latter parameter results from the difference in the dielectric properties of wheat for the vertical and horizontal polarizations. Based on these results, a detailed comparison of different soil moisture retrieval approaches was made. One-, two-, and three-parameter retrieval approaches were tested. In this latter method, soil moisture and the two vegetation parameters (τ(θ=0) and Cpol) were retrieved simultaneously. This method was found to be the most efficient: it provided the best accuracy in the SM retrievals and it did not require ancillary information on the vegetation characteristics, which cannot be easily estimated for operational SM mapping applications.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Hassan BencherifThierry PortafaixJean-Luc BarayBéatrice MorelSerge BaldyJean LeveauAlain HauchecornePhilippe KeckhutAshokabose MoorgawaMax M. MichaelisR. Diab
• Organismes : Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Université de La Réunion - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud]
• Publié dans Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : The study of the variability of stratospheric aerosols and the transfer between the diierent atmospheric regions improves our understanding of dynamical processes involved in isentropic exchanges that take place episodically in the lower stratosphere through the subtropical barrier. One useful approach consists in combining in situ ground-based and global measurements with numerical analyses. The present paper reports on a case study of a horizontal transfer evidenced ÿrst by Rayleigh–Mie LIDAR observations over Durban (29:9 • S, 31:0 • E, South Africa). Additional data from MeteoSat and SAGE-2 experiments, and from ECMWF meteorological analysis have been used in this study. Contour advection maps of potential vorticity from the MIMOSA model derived from ECMWF ÿelds, were also used. By the end of April, 1999, LIDAR observations showed that aerosol extinction, in the lower stratosphere, has increased signiÿcantly and abnormally in comparison with other LIDAR and SAGE-2 observations recorded for the period from April 20 to June 14, 1999. The dynamical context of this case study seems to exclude the possibility of a local innuence of the subtropical jet stream or tropical convection, which could inject air masses enriched with tropospheric aerosols into the stratosphere. On the contrary, a high-resolution model based on PV advection calculations and ECMWF meteorological analyses shows that air masses are isentropically advected from the equatorial zone close to Brazil. They cross the southern barrier of the tropical reservoir due to laminae stretching and reach the southern subcontinent of Africa 5–6 days later.

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Fichiers liés : Bencherif et al, JASTP 2003_hal.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : A.A. van de GriendWigneron J.-P.Philippe Waldteufel
• Organismes : Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences [Amsterdam] Station de bioclimatologie Service d'aéronomie
• Publié dans IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : The L-band (1.4 GHz) two-dimensional microwave interferometric radiometer, the payload of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, will observe elements of the Earth's surface simultaneously at multiple angles. Compared to single-angle observations, this multiangle observation technology is expected to significantly improve the capability of passive microwave remote sensing to retrieve soil moisture and vegetation properties from space. Although multiangle retrieval algorithms have been developed and successfully evaluated for homogeneous surfaces on the basis of simulation studies, the inherently large footprint of microwave observations from space has serious consequences for parameter retrieval from "real-world" inhomogeneous surfaces. At the spatial scale of SMOS (∼30 km for nadir observations), the Earth's surface is inhomogeneous almost by default. This aspect has not been fully accounted for yet. This study gives some insight into the consequences of vegetation spatial heterogeneity for the retrieval of "effective" surface parameters (soil moisture, canopy microwave transmissivity, and effective surface temperature) from inhomogeneous surfaces without prior knowledge of the within-pixel canopy heterogeneity.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre AllegretBernard CourbisPhilippe Dulbecco
• Organismes : Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International
• Publié dans Review of International Political Economy le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Emerging economies, which have implemented since the end of the 80's a process of financial liberalization, are confronted at the same time to banking crisis. The latter highlight the role played by the institutional framework in the process of financial liberalization. The objective of this paper is to go through the usual alternative too much/ too little market in order to explain that the success of any liberalization process relies on the complementarity between market and intermediation. Institutions defined as rule-following behavior represented the cornerstone of such an evolution. The point is that the solution to financial instability is to be found within the institutional dynamics in which emerging economies may benefit from intermediation in order to enforce the market process.

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Fichiers liés : RIPE2002revised.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Colette HuberOdile PonsHouria HendelPhilippe HaumontLaurent JacqueminSara TamimJean-François Zagury
• Organismes : Epidémiologie et Biostatistique Unité de biométrie et intelligence artificielle de Jouy Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Epidémiologie et Biostatistique Epidémiologie et Biostatistique Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
• Publié dans Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Genomic studies developed to understand HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis have often lead to conflicting results. This is linked to various factors, including differences in cohort design and selection, the numbers of patients involved, the influence of population substructure, the ethnic origins of the participants, and phenotypic definition. These difficulties in the interpretation of results are examined through published studies on the role of polymorphisms in HLA and the chemokine receptors genes in AIDS. Our analysis suggests that the use of haplotypes will strengthen the results obtained in a given cohort, and meta-analysis including multiple cohorts to gather large-enough numbers of patients should also allow clarification of the genetic associations observed. A P-value of 0.001 appears to be a good compromise for significance on candidate genes in a genetic study. Due to the generally limited size of available cohorts, results will have to be validated in other cohorts.We developed a model to fit transversal case studies (extreme case-control studies) with longitudinal cohorts (all-stages patients) for observations on two gene polymorphisms of CCR5 and NQO1. Interestingly, we observe a protective effect for the CCR5-Delta32 mutant allele in 95% of the simulations based on that model when using a population of 600 subjects; however, when using populations of 250 subjects we find a significant protection in only 59% of the simulations. Our model gives thus an explanation for the discrepancies observed in the various genomic studies published in AIDS on CCR5-Delta32 and other gene polymorphisms: they result from statistical fluctuations due to a lack of power. The sizes of most seroconverter cohorts presently available seem thus insufficient since they include less than a few hundred subjects. This result underlines the power and usefulness of the transversal studies involving extreme patients and their complementarity to longitudinal studies involving seroconverter cohorts. The transposition approach of extreme case-control data into longitudinal analysis should prove useful not only in AIDS but also in other diseases induced by chronic exposure to a foreign agent or with chronic clinical manifestations.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2003
• Auteurs : Sébastien MassonChristophe MenkesPascale DelécluseJean-Philippe Boulanger
• Organismes : Frontier Research Center for Global Change Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie
• Publié dans Journal of Geophysical Research le 01/11/2020

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