Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Loys BodinMagali San CristobalFrédéric LecerfPhilippe MulsantBernard BibéDaniel LajousJean-Pierre BellocFrancis EychenneYves AmiguesJean-Michel Elsen
• Organismes :
• Publié dans Genetics Selection Evolution le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : Inheritance of the ovulation rate (OR) in the Lacaune meat breed was studied through records from a small nucleus of 36 hyper-prolific ewes screened on farms on the basis of their natural litter size, and from progeny data of three selected Lacaune sires. These sires were chosen at the AI centre according to their breeding values estimated for the mean and the variability of their daughters' litter size. Non-carrier Lacaune dairy ewes were inseminated to produce 121 F1 daughters and 27 F1 sons. Twelve sons (four from each sire) were used in turn to inseminate non-carrier Lacaune dairy ewes providing 260 BC progeny ewes. F1 and BC progeny were brought from private farms and gathered after weaning on an experimental farm where ovulation rates were recorded in the first and second breeding seasons. With an average of 6.5 records each, the mean OR of hyper-prolific ewes was very high (5.34), and 38.4% of records showed a rate of 6 or more. F1 data showed high repeatability of OR ($r=0.54$) within ewe, with significant variability among ewes. High OR ($\geq 4$) were observed in each family. A segregation analysis provided a significant likelihood ratio and classified the three founders as heterozygous. BC ewes also displayed high repeatability of OR ($r=0.47$) and the mean OR varied considerably between families (from 1.24 to 1.78). Seven of the 12 BC families presented high-ovulating ewes (at least one record $\geq 4$) and segregation analysis yielded a highly significant likelihood ratio as compared to an empirical test distribution. The high variability of the mean ovulation rate shown by a small group of daughters of BC ewes inseminated by putative carrier F1 rams, and the very high ovulation rate observed for some of these ewe lambs, confirmed the segregation of a major gene with two co-dominant alleles borne by an autosome. The difference between homozygous non-carriers and heterozygous ewes was about one ovulation on the observed scale and 2.2 standard deviations on the underlying scale.

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Fichiers liés : hal-00894421.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Jean-François SemblatMarc KhamPhilippe GuéguenPierre-Yves BardAnne-Marie Duval
• Organismes : Division Mécanique des Sols des Roches et de la Géologie de l'Ingénieur Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique ERA 6 Risque sismique

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Résumé : The analysis of seismic site effects generally disregards the influence of surface structures on the free field motion in densely urbanized areas. This paper aims at investigating this particular problem called site-city interaction especially by comparison to the "free-field" amplification process. Several evidences (experimental, analytical, numerical) of the site-city interaction phenomenon have been given in previous work (Guéguen, Bard, Semblat 2000). The influence of site city-interaction could be large for structures having eigenfrequencies close to that of the surface soil layers. Furthermore, the density of structures is also an important governing parameter of the problem. Considering a specific site (Nice, France) where site-city interaction is supposed to be significant, we start from detailed experimental and numerical studies of seismic site effects giving both amplification levels and occuring frequencies, as well as the location of the maximum amplification areas. The influence of site-city interaction is then investigated through various numerical models considering the boundary element method. The effect of surface structures with variable urban densities is analysed to estimate the contribution of overall site-city interaction on surface motion distribution. The main goal of the paper is to estimate the influence of site-city interaction not only on amplification levels (the influence can be small), but also on the modification of both main amplification frequencies and location of the maximum amplification areas. The main conclusion of this work is to show the modifications of the free-field amplification due to site-city interaction and leading to a specific urban field amplification.

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Fichiers liés : 7ncee_semblat_et_al.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe AnkerPhilippe BougerolThierry Jeulin
• Organismes : Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires
• Publié dans Revista Matemática Iberoamericana le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : The infinite Brownian loop $\{B_t^0,t\ge 0\}$ on a Riemannian manifold $\mathbb M$ is the limit in distribution of the Brownian bridge of length $T$ around a fixed origin $0$, when $T\to+\infty$. It has no spectral gap. When $\mathbb M$ has nonnegative Ricci curvature, $B^0$ is the Brownian motion itself. When $\mathbb M=G/K$ is a noncompact symmetric space, $B^0$ is the relativized $\Phi_0$--process of the Brownian motion, where $\Phi_0$ denotes the basic spherical function of Harish--Chandra, i.e. the $K$--invariant ground state of the Laplacian. In this case, we consider the polar decomposition $B_t^0=(K_t,X_t)$, where $K_t\in K/M$ and $X_t\in\overline{\mathfrak a_+}$, the positive Weyl chamber. Then, as $t\to+\infty$, $K_t$ converges and $d(0,X_t)/t\to 0$ almost surely. Moreover the processes $\{X_{tT}/\sqrt{T},t\ge 0\}$ converge in distribution, as $T\to+\infty$, to the intrinsic Brownian motion of the Weyl chamber. This implies in particular that $d(0,X_{tT})/\sqrt{T}$ converges to a Bessel process of dimension $D=\operatorname{rank}\mathbb M+2j$, where $j$ denotes the number of positive indivisible roots. An ingredient of the proof is a new estimate on $\Phi_0$.

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Fichiers liés : ABJ.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : A. PierreStéphane FabrePhilippe MulsantJean Michel J. M. ElsenC. PisseletDanielle MonniauxPhilippe Monget
• Organismes : Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly]
• Publié dans Médecine/Sciences le 25/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Christophe VignyJ. ChéryT. DuquesnoyF. JouanneJérôme AmmannM. AnzideiJean‐philippe AvouacF. BarlierR. BayerÉric Calais
• Organismes : Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale [Grasse] Géoazur
• Publié dans Journal of Geodesy le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : The Western Alps are among the best studied collisional belts with both detailed structural mapping and also crustal geophysical investigations such as the ECORS and EGT seismic profile. By contrast, the present-day kinematics of the belt is still largely unknown due to small relative motions and the insufficient accuracy of the triangulation data. As a consequence, several tectonic problems still remain to be solved, such as the amount of N-S convergence in the Occidental Alps, the repartition of the deformation between the Alpine tectonic units, and the relation between deformation and rotation across the Alpine arc. In order to address these problems, the GPS ALPES group, made up of French, Swiss and Italian research organizations, has achieved the first large-scale GPS surveys of the Western Alps. More than 60 sites were surveyed in 1993 and 1998 with a minimum observation of 3 days at each site. GPS data processing has been done by three independent teams using different software. The different solutions have horizontal repeatabilities (N-E) of 4-7 mm in 1993 and 2-3 mm in 1998 and compare at the 3-5-mm level in position and 2-mm/ yr level in velocity. A comparison of 1993 and 1998 coordinates shows that residual velocities of the GPS marks are generally smaller than 2 mm/yr, precluding a detailed tectonic interpretation of the differential motions. However, these data seem to suggest that the N-S compression of the Western Alps is quite mild (less than 2 mm/yr) compared to the global convergence between the African and Eurasian plate (6 mm/yr). This implies that the shortening must be accomodated elsewhere by the deformation of the Maghrebids and/ or by rotations of Mediterranean microplates. Also, E-W velocity components analysis supports the idea that E-W extension exists, as already suggested by recent structural and seismotectonic data interpretation.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Jean-Paul BanquetPhilippe GaussierMathias QuoyArnaud RevelYves Burnod
• Organismes : Plasticité cérébrale et adaptations des fonctions visuelles et motrices Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Céline PérèsFrançois CuryJean-Pierre FamosePhilippe Sarrazin
• Organismes : Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive Mouvement, Équilibre, Performance, Santé Sport et Environnement Social
• Publié dans European Journal of Sport Science le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : In this article we present a defensive strategy that individuals may use to cope with sporting events in that they present the possibility of failure and potential threat to self-esteem. Previous research has indicated that failures in sport and educational contexts are related to high anxiety and low self-estimates of ability. The defensive pessimism strategy lead anxious people to perform well in a risky situation by managing their anxiety as motivation. Defensive pessimists may use low expectations to cope with their anxiety so that it does not become debilitating. Decreasing strategic expectations may help individuals negotiate sporting events by intensifying reflectivity about possible negative outcomes, and increasing effort to reinforce the task focus. But defensive pessimists possess a cognitive flexibility that leads them to use their preferred strategy in risky situations and to select in their repertoire another strategy when failure is unlikely. These data showed that the effects of high anxiety and low expectations on performance may be mediated by the strategy use. That is why the users of defensive pessimism perform as well as strategic optimists, who report lower anxiety and higher expectations of success.

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Jacques MalavieilleSerge LallemandStephane DominguezAlexis DeschampsChia Yu LuChar-Shine LiuPhilippe SchnürleJ. AngelierJ.-Y. CollotBenoît DeffontainesMarc FournierS.-K. HsüJ.-P. Le FormalS.-Y. LiuJean-Claude SibuetNicolas ThareauT. Virdee
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Géophysique, Tectonique et Sédimentologie Laboratoire de Géophysique, Tectonique et Sédimentologie Laboratoire de Géophysique, Tectonique et Sédimentologie Laboratoire de Géophysique, Tectonique et Sédimentologie National Taiwan University National Taiwan University National Taiwan University Géoazur Géoazur Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer
• Publié dans Geological Society of America Special Papers le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : Marine observations offshore of Taiwan indicate intense deformation of the Luzon arc-forearc complex, with episodic eastward migration of the active deformation front across the complex. This active tectonic domain absorbs a significant amount of shortening between the Eurasia margin and the Philippine Sea Plate, which is moving towards N 310° E at about 8 cm/yr relative to Eurasia. Swath bathymetry and back-scattering data, together with seismic reflection and geopotential data obtained during the ACT (Active Collision in Taiwan) cruise onboard the R/V L'Atalante, showed major north to south changes in the tectonic style in both the indenting arc and the host margin. Structural observations show that the forearc basement of the Luzon arc no longer exists north of 22°30'N. To the south, only a small part of the forearc domain may remain beneath the Huatung Ridge (rear portion of the former Manila trench oceanic accretionary wedge including forearc and intra-arc sequences) and rear of the thrust wedge. A tectonic model involving the progressive underthrusting of large slices of the forearc basement may account for the contrasting styles of deformation encountered from south to north across the collisional orogen and apparent missing of the forearc region. The progressive subduction of the continental margin of China induces: 1) to the south, major eastward backthrusting and shortening of the forearc domain between the former oceanic accretionary wedge and the Luzon Arc volcanic edifice, 2) to the north, accretion of parts of the arc domain to the collisional belt associated with westward thrusting, eastward backthrusting at the base of the slope and block rotation.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe UzanJean-Pierre LuminetRoland LehoucqPatrick Peter
• Organismes : Université Paris Cité Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris Observatoire de Paris Observatoire de Paris Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
• Publié dans European Journal of Physics le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : If space is compact, then a traveller twin can leave Earth, travel back home without changing direction and find her sedentary twin older than herself. We show that the asymmetry between their spacetime trajectories lies in a topological invariant of their spatial geodesics, namely the homotopy class. This illustrates how the spacetime symmetry invariance group, although valid locally, is broken down globally as soon as some points of space are identified. As a consequence, any non-trivial space topology defines preferred inertial frames along which the proper time is longer than along any other one.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2002
• Auteurs : Louis MariéFrançois PétrélisMickaël BourgoinJavier BurgueteArnaud ChiffaudelFrançois DaviaudStéphan FauvePhilippe OdierJean-François Pinton
• Organismes : Service de physique de l'état condensé Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon Service de physique de l'état condensé Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra Service de physique de l'état condensé Service de physique de l'état condensé Systèmes Physiques Hors-équilibre, hYdrodynamique, éNergie et compleXes Service de physique de l'état condensé Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon
• Publié dans Magnetohydrodynamics c/c of Magnitnaia Gidrodinamika le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : We consider several problems that arise in the context of homogeneous fluid dynamos such as the effect of turbulence on the dynamo threshold, the saturation level of the generated magnetic field above the threshold and its dynamics. We compare some of our predictions with the recent experimental results of the Karlsruhe and Riga experiments. Finally, we present the VKS experiment that we have designed to answer some of the remaining open questions. We study, in particular, the response of a turbulent flow to an external magnetic field.

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Fichiers liés : Open_Q.pdf

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