Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/10/1998
• Auteurs : Stéphane RossignolXavier RodetJoel SoumagneJean-Louis ColettePhilippe Depalle
• Organismes : Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris] Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris]

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Résumé : This paper deals with temporal segmentation of acoustic signals and feature extraction. Segmentation and feature extraction are aimed at being a first step for sound signal representation, coding, transformation and multimedia. Three interdependent levels of segmentation are defined. They correspond to different levels of signal attributes. The Source level distinguishes speech, singing voice, instrumental parts and other sounds, such as street sounds, machine noise... The Feature level deals with characteristics such as silence/sound, transitory/steady, voiced/unvoiced, harmonic, vibrato and so forth. The last level is the segmentation into Notes and Phones. A large set of features is first computed: derivative and relative derivative of f0 and energy, voicing coefficient, mesure of the inharmonicity of the partials, spectral centroid, spectral ``flux'', high order statistics, energy modulation, etc. A decision function on the set of features has been built and provides the segmentation marks. It also depends on the current application and the required result. As an example, in the case of the singing voice, segmentation according to pitch is different from segmentation into phones. A graphical interface allows visualization of these features, the results of the decisions, and the final result. For the Source level, some features are predominant: spectral centroid, spectral flux, energy modulation and their variance computed on a sound segment of one second or more. Segmentation starts with the Source level, but the three levels are not independent. Therefore, information obtained at a given level is propagated towards the other levels. For example, in case of instrumental music and the singing voice, if vibrato is detected at the Feature level, amplitude and frequency of the vibrato are estimated and are taken into account for the Notes and Phones level. The vibrato is removed from the f0 trajectory, and the high frequencies of the signal are not used in spectral flux computation. A complete segmentation and feature extraction system is demonstrated. Applications and results on various examples such as a movie sound track are presented.

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Fichiers liés : index.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/10/1998
• Auteurs : André ChanzyChristine KingLaurent PrevotAgnès RemondWigneron J.-P.Philippe CalcagnoZribi MehrezJean-François Desprats
• Organismes : Unité de Science du Sol Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières Unité de Science du Sol Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières Unité de bioclimatologie Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières

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Résumé : The combined use of ERS and multiangle RADARSAT (23 and 38°) data to assess the soil moisture, the roughness and the soil surface degradation is investigated. Twenty SAR images were collected over a flat agricultural area located near Avignon in the South-East of France. Complementary sets of data, collected with the CNES ground based scatterometer RAMSES and IEM simulations were also used in the analysis. Results show that the soil surface roughness affects strongly the s0-qs relation. But the roughness influence cannot be easily accounted for using the IEM model. From the RAMSES data, we demonstrate that the angular difference of the backscattering coefficient is a very good indicator to track the evolution of the soil surface degradation. Such a result is confirmed by RADARSAT couple (23-38°) measurements on the first development stages of sunflower crops.

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Fichiers liés : Chanzy&Al._at_Estec98.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/10/1998
• Auteurs : Djamel KhadraouiChristophe DebainPhilippe MartinetPierre BontonJean Gallice
• Organismes : Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Systèmes Microélectroniques et Traitement d'Images Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique
• Publié dans The International Journal of Robotics Research le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : This article presents a real-time control system for an agricultural mobile machine (vehicle) based on an on-board vision system using a single camera. This system has been designed in order to help human beings in repetitive and di cult tasks in the agricultural domain. The aim of the robotics application concerns the control of the vehicle with regard to the reap limit detected in image space. The perception aspect in relation with the application has been described in previous work, and here we deal with the control aspect. We integrate image features issued from the modelling of the scene in the control loop, in order to perform image-based servoing technique. The vehicle behaviour described here concerns bicycle and neural models, and three control laws are then synthesized. The rst and the second are modelling approaches and use an interaction between the scene and the image space. They are based on regulation of a task function. The third is a \black-box modelling" technique and is based on a neural network. Finally, experimental results obtained with these di erent control laws in different conditions are presented and discussed.

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Fichiers liés : ijrr97.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/1998
• Auteurs : Verya NasriPhilippe RamondencJean Pierre Magnan
• Organismes : Département des Ouvrages d'art du patrimoine SNCF Département des Ouvrages d'art du patrimoine SNCF Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées
• Publié dans BLPC - Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées le 08/06/2017

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Résumé : Le tunnel ferroviaire de la Nerthe, situé au nord de Marseille sous la chaîne de l'Étoile, a subi dans sa partie nord des déformations d'ovalisation qui soumettent la clé de voûte à des efforts excessifs. L'article analyse par la méthode des éléments finis le comportement mécanique du tunnel, en tenant compte du contexte géologique complexe de la chaîne de l'Étoile. Il définit une solution de renforcement qui modifie la géométrie de la voûte en l'appuyant sur un massif de béton ancré dans le terrain par des profilés métalliques.

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Fichiers liés : aep000000436.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/1998
• Auteurs : Philippe LahayeKhalid TaziJean-Pierre RonaOlivier DellisDidier LebrecRichard Moreau
• Organismes : Université Denis Diderot Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes Ampère, Département Automatique pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes
• Publié dans Hepatology le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Protein kinase C (PKC) modulates the activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic α-subunit of sodium-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na + /K + ATPase) in normal arteries. Because PKC is altered in cirrhotic aortae, Na + /K + ATPase may also be altered in these arteries. The aim of the present study was to investigate α-subunit activity and phosphorylation in aortae from normal and cirrhotic rats, under baseline conditions and during exposure to PKC modulators. α-Subunit activity was assessed by measuring the amount of 32 P released by hydrolysis of [γ- 32 P]ATP in freshly isolated cell membranes (in the absence of PKC modulators only) and membrane depolarization caused by ouabain-induced α-subunit inhibition in isolated aortae (in the absence and presence of PKC modulators). α-Subunit phosphorylation was assessed by incorporation of 32 P into α-subunits. Staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU), a PKC activator, were used. In addition, α-subunit expression was studied by Western blot analysis. In the absence of PKC modulators, the amount of 32 P released by hydrolysis of [γ- 32 P]ATP and ouabain-induced membrane depolarization were significantly lower in cirrhotic than in normal aortae. Staurosporine suppressed ouabain-induced membrane depolarization in cirrhotic and normal arteries. Ouabain-induced membrane depolarization was similar in cirrhotic aortae exposed to PDBU and in normal arteries studied under baseline conditions. α-Subunit phosphorylation was significantly lower in cirrhotic than in normal aortae, in aortae under baseline conditions, and in arteries exposed to staurosporine. Phosphorylation of the α-subunit was similar in cirrhotic aortae exposed to PDBU and in normal arteries under baseline conditions. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of α-subunit did not significantly differ between cirrhotic and normal aortae. In conclusion, a decrease in baseline Na + /K + ATPase α-subunit activity occurs in aortae from cirrhotic rats as a result of reduced basal PKC activity. This PKC-dependent decreased α-subunit activity may be caused by a reduction in PKC-induced α-subunit phosphorylation.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/1998
• Auteurs : Olivier ValdenaireMarion Maus-MoattiJean-Didier VincentJacques MalletPhilippe Vernier
• Organismes : F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel] Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Collège de France - Chaire Neuropharmacologie Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse
• Publié dans Journal of Neurochemistry le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : The time course of D2 receptor expression assessed by the levels of the corresponding binding sites and mRNA was studied in rat striatum during ontogenesis and in primary cultures of cells taken at embryonic day (E) 17 and postnatal day (P) 4. In the two experimental situations, the amount of D2 receptor mRNA and number of binding sites increased regularly from E16 to P15, indicating that expression of D2 receptors in striatal neurons occurs independently from a dopaminergic input. Incubation of striatal primary cultures with 10(-5) M retinoic acid significantly increased the level of D2 receptor mRNA, whereas thyroid hormone, vitamin D3, and steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, and corticosterone) had no effect. The transcriptional activity of the rat D2 receptor gene promoter region, which bears a retinoic acid-responsive element, was increased by retinoic acid in transfected C6 glioma cells but not in transfected MMQ prolactin cells. Thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 were not effective in either cell line. Finally, mutations of the putative retinoic acid-responsive element inhibited the transcriptional effect of retinoic acid. These results suggest that retinoic acid is a key factor in regulation of the embryonic onset of the dopaminergic D2 receptor.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Thierry BienvenuVincent Des PortesAnne de Saint-MartinNathalie McdonellPierre BilluartAlain CarriéMarie-Claude VinetPhilippe CouvertDaniela TonioloHans-Hilger RopersClaude MoraineHans van BokhovenJean-Pierre FrynsAxel KahnCherif BeldjordJamel Chelly
• Organismes : Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
• Publié dans Human Molecular Genetics le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Non-specific X-linked mental retardation (MRX) is a very common disorder which affects approximately 1 in 600 males. Despite this high frequency, little is known about the molecular defects underlying this disorder, mainly because of the clinical and genetic heterogeneity which is evident from linkage studies. Recently, a collaborative study using the candidate gene approach demonstrated the presence of mutations in GDIalpha, a Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor encoded by a gene localized in Xq28, associated with non-specific mental retardation. GDIalpha is mainly a brain-specific protein that plays a critical role in the recycling of Rab GTPases involved in membrane vesicular transport. The study presented here was designed to assess the prevalence of mutations in the GDIalpha in mentally retarded patients and to discuss the clinical phenotypes observed in affected individuals. Mutation screening of the whole coding region of the GDIalpha gene, using a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing, was carried out in 164 patients found negative for expansions across the FRAXA GCC repeat. In addition to the nonsense mutation recently reported in MRX48, we have identified a novel missense mutation in exon 11 of the GDIalpha gene in one familial form of non-specific mental retardation. In this family (family R), all affected males show moderate to severe mental retardation, and the X-linked semidominant inheritance is strongly suggested by the severe phenotypes in males with respect to mildly affected females or unaffected obligatory carriers. This study showed that the prevalence of GDIalpha mutations in non-specific mental retardation could be estimated to be 0.5-1%, and molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling in some cases of non-specific mental handicap can now be provided.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Sandrine BlanchetBertrand FavierGeneviève ChevalierJean-Jacques MichaillePhilippe KastnerPierre Chambon
• Organismes : Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
• Publié dans Journal of Investigative Dermatology le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : Embryonic mouse upper-lip skin explants treated with 16.7 microM all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) give rise to a glandular metaplasia of hair vibrissa follicles; however, at this concentration, tRA can activate not only the three retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, beta, and gamma), but also the retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, beta, and gamma) as a consequence of its isomerization to 9-cis retinoic acid. We therefore studied the respective roles of the RXR and RAR by treating RARalpha(-/-), beta(-/-), and gamma(-/-) skin explants with tRA and wild-type explants with synthetic retinoids specific for RXR or for each of the RAR. The null mutation of the RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma genes did not prevent tRA-induced hair glandular metaplasia, but RARgamma inactivation dramatically reduced its ratio. As demonstrated by treating explants with a RAR- or a RXR-specific panagonist (CD367 and Ro25-7386, respectively), RAR are primarily responsible for this metaplasia. The use of two retinoids (Ro40-6055, 8 x 10(-3) microM, or CD437, 7.7 x 10(-2) microM) that are believed to act, respectively, as a RARalpha- or a RARgamma-specific agonist showed that both these receptors can initiate a metaplasia. In contrast, BMS453, a RARbeta-specific agonist, was unable to give rise to any metaplasia. Nevertheless, the highest degrees and ratios of metaplasia were only obtained after treatment with the CD367 RAR panagonist, or with either Ro40-6055 or CD437 at a concentration sufficient to allow the activation of the three RAR, suggesting that RARbeta activation is required for a metaplasia of all vibrissae.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Sylviane BoularandNicole Faucon BiguetBernadette VidalMichèle VeronJacques MalletJean-Didier VincentSylvie DufourPhilippe Vernier
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse
• Publié dans Journal of Neurochemistry le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : We report the isolation of a full-length eel tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cDNA that is characterized by a long 3' untranslated region and by a diversity restricted to the 3' end owing to the differential use of three polyadenylation signals. The longest eel TH mRNA was distinctive in the presence of four pentameric elements (AUUUA) in the AU-rich 3' noncoding region. Such a diversity could provide the basis of posttranscriptional or translational regulation of eel TH gene expression. Comparison of the eel TH sequence with those of other aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (TH, tryptophan hydroxylase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase) and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the N-terminal regulatory domain is highly divergent, contrasting with the conservation of the catalytic core of the enzyme. Molecular phylogenies including the available sequences of the three hydroxylase genes suggested that the duplication of their common ancestor occurred before the emergence of arthropods. The regional expression of the eel TH mRNA was studied by semiquantitative PCR, northern blots, and in situ hybridization and compared with the immunocytochemical localization of TH protein. The data showed that TH mRNA is mostly expressed in the olfactory and hypothalamic areas, whereas sparse TH-expressing cell bodies are present in the telencephalic region and brainstem. No labeling was detected in the mesencephalic area, in striking contrast with that found in amphibians and amniotes.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Chantal AndriéPhilippe Jean-BaptisteCatherine PierrePascale DéjardinRenaud FichezJean-Jacques PoupeauFrancis Rougerie
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables Centre ORSTOM Nouméa Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Centre Scientifique de Monaco
• Publié dans Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta le 25/10/2020

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