Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Thierry BienvenuVincent Des PortesAnne de Saint-MartinNathalie McdonellPierre BilluartAlain CarriéMarie-Claude VinetPhilippe CouvertDaniela TonioloHans-Hilger RopersClaude MoraineHans van BokhovenJean-Pierre FrynsAxel KahnCherif BeldjordJamel Chelly
• Organismes : Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
• Publié dans Human Molecular Genetics le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Non-specific X-linked mental retardation (MRX) is a very common disorder which affects approximately 1 in 600 males. Despite this high frequency, little is known about the molecular defects underlying this disorder, mainly because of the clinical and genetic heterogeneity which is evident from linkage studies. Recently, a collaborative study using the candidate gene approach demonstrated the presence of mutations in GDIalpha, a Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor encoded by a gene localized in Xq28, associated with non-specific mental retardation. GDIalpha is mainly a brain-specific protein that plays a critical role in the recycling of Rab GTPases involved in membrane vesicular transport. The study presented here was designed to assess the prevalence of mutations in the GDIalpha in mentally retarded patients and to discuss the clinical phenotypes observed in affected individuals. Mutation screening of the whole coding region of the GDIalpha gene, using a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing, was carried out in 164 patients found negative for expansions across the FRAXA GCC repeat. In addition to the nonsense mutation recently reported in MRX48, we have identified a novel missense mutation in exon 11 of the GDIalpha gene in one familial form of non-specific mental retardation. In this family (family R), all affected males show moderate to severe mental retardation, and the X-linked semidominant inheritance is strongly suggested by the severe phenotypes in males with respect to mildly affected females or unaffected obligatory carriers. This study showed that the prevalence of GDIalpha mutations in non-specific mental retardation could be estimated to be 0.5-1%, and molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling in some cases of non-specific mental handicap can now be provided.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Sylviane BoularandNicole Faucon BiguetBernadette VidalMichèle VeronJacques MalletJean-Didier VincentSylvie DufourPhilippe Vernier
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs [APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière] Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse
• Publié dans Journal of Neurochemistry le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : We report the isolation of a full-length eel tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cDNA that is characterized by a long 3' untranslated region and by a diversity restricted to the 3' end owing to the differential use of three polyadenylation signals. The longest eel TH mRNA was distinctive in the presence of four pentameric elements (AUUUA) in the AU-rich 3' noncoding region. Such a diversity could provide the basis of posttranscriptional or translational regulation of eel TH gene expression. Comparison of the eel TH sequence with those of other aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (TH, tryptophan hydroxylase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase) and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the N-terminal regulatory domain is highly divergent, contrasting with the conservation of the catalytic core of the enzyme. Molecular phylogenies including the available sequences of the three hydroxylase genes suggested that the duplication of their common ancestor occurred before the emergence of arthropods. The regional expression of the eel TH mRNA was studied by semiquantitative PCR, northern blots, and in situ hybridization and compared with the immunocytochemical localization of TH protein. The data showed that TH mRNA is mostly expressed in the olfactory and hypothalamic areas, whereas sparse TH-expressing cell bodies are present in the telencephalic region and brainstem. No labeling was detected in the mesencephalic area, in striking contrast with that found in amphibians and amniotes.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Sandrine BlanchetBertrand FavierGeneviève ChevalierJean-Jacques MichaillePhilippe KastnerPierre Chambon
• Organismes : Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
• Publié dans Journal of Investigative Dermatology le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : Embryonic mouse upper-lip skin explants treated with 16.7 microM all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) give rise to a glandular metaplasia of hair vibrissa follicles; however, at this concentration, tRA can activate not only the three retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, beta, and gamma), but also the retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, beta, and gamma) as a consequence of its isomerization to 9-cis retinoic acid. We therefore studied the respective roles of the RXR and RAR by treating RARalpha(-/-), beta(-/-), and gamma(-/-) skin explants with tRA and wild-type explants with synthetic retinoids specific for RXR or for each of the RAR. The null mutation of the RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma genes did not prevent tRA-induced hair glandular metaplasia, but RARgamma inactivation dramatically reduced its ratio. As demonstrated by treating explants with a RAR- or a RXR-specific panagonist (CD367 and Ro25-7386, respectively), RAR are primarily responsible for this metaplasia. The use of two retinoids (Ro40-6055, 8 x 10(-3) microM, or CD437, 7.7 x 10(-2) microM) that are believed to act, respectively, as a RARalpha- or a RARgamma-specific agonist showed that both these receptors can initiate a metaplasia. In contrast, BMS453, a RARbeta-specific agonist, was unable to give rise to any metaplasia. Nevertheless, the highest degrees and ratios of metaplasia were only obtained after treatment with the CD367 RAR panagonist, or with either Ro40-6055 or CD437 at a concentration sufficient to allow the activation of the three RAR, suggesting that RARbeta activation is required for a metaplasia of all vibrissae.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/08/1998
• Auteurs : Chantal AndriéPhilippe Jean-BaptisteCatherine PierrePascale DéjardinRenaud FichezJean-Jacques PoupeauFrancis Rougerie
• Organismes : Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables Centre ORSTOM Nouméa Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Centre Scientifique de Monaco
• Publié dans Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta le 25/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/1998
• Auteurs : Philippe FossierMarie-Françoise DieblerJean-Pierre MothetMaurice IsraëlLadislav TaucGérard Baux
• Organismes : Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse
• Publié dans Neuroscience le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : 2,5-Diterbutyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone, a specific blocker of Ca2+-ATPase pumps, increased acetylcholine release from an identified synapse of Aplysia, as well as from Torpedo and mouse caudate nucleus synaptosomes. Because 2,5-diterbutyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone does not change the presynaptic Ca2+ influx, the enhancement of acetylcholine release could be due to an accumulation of Ca2+ in the terminal. This possibility was further checked by studying the effects of 2,5-diterbutyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone on twin pulse facilitation, classically attributed to residual Ca2+. While preventing the fast sequestration of Ca2+ by presynaptic organelles, 2,5-diterbutyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone magnified both twin pulse facilitation observed under low extracellular Ca2+ concentration and twin pulse dysfacilitation observed under high extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Thus, it is concluded that 2,5-diterbutyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone, by preventing Ca2+ buffering near transmitter release sites, modulates acetylcholine release. As 2,5-diterbutyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone was also shown to decrease by 50% the uptake of 45Ca2+ by isolated synaptic vesicles, we propose that synaptic vesicles can control the presynaptic Ca2+ concentration triggering the release of neurotransmitter.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/1998
• Auteurs : Jean Luc CharlouYves FouquetHenri BougaultJean DonvalJoel EtoubleauPhilippe Jean-BaptisteArnaud DapoignyPierre AppriouPeter Rona
• Organismes : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables Université de Brest Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick]
• Publié dans Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta le 25/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 20/06/1998
• Auteurs : Philippe RicaudE. MonnierFlorence GoutailJean-Pierre PommereauChristine DavidSophie GodinL. FroidevauxJ. W. WatersJ. MergenthalerA. E. RocheH. PumphreyM. P. Chipperfield
• Organismes : Observatoire Bordeaux Observatoire Bordeaux Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Service d'aéronomie Jet Propulsion Laboratory Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK]
• Publié dans Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : We present an analysis of the temporal evolution of stratospheric constituents above the station of Dumont d'Urville in Antarctica (67°S, 140°E) from August 14 to September 20, 1992. Data sets include temperature profiles and H2O, ClO, O3, NO2, ClONO2, HNO3, N2O, and CH4 mixing ratios and aerosol extinction coefficients from 46 to 1 hPa measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) instruments aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). At the station, aerosol extinction coefficients and O3 profiles are obtained by a lidar together with O3 profiles provided by sondes. Integrated O3 and NO2 column amounts are given by a Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale (SAOZ) spectrometer located at the station. Column O3 is also provided by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument aboard the NIMBUS 7 satellite, complemented with potential vorticity derived from the U.K. Meteorological Office assimilated data set and temperature fields provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Time evolution of these measurements is interpreted by comparison with results from the SLIMCAT three-dimensional chemical transport model. We show that the site is near the vortex edge on average and is alternately inside the vortex or just outside in the region referred to as the "collar" region. There are no observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) over the station above 46 hPa (∼18 km). In fact, PSCs mainly appear over the Palmer Peninsula area at 46 hPa. The rates of change of chemical species are evaluated at 46 hPa when the station is conservatively inside the vortex collar region. The ozone loss rate is 0.04 ppmv d-1 (∼1.3% d-1), which is consistent with other analyses of southern vortex ozone loss rates; chlorine monoxide tends to decrease by 0.03 ppbv d-1, while chlorine nitrate increases by 0.025 ppbv d-1. These negative ClO and positive ClONO2 trends are only observed in the collar region of the vortex where O3 amounts are far from near zero, and little denitrification is observed. Loss and production rates as measured by UARS are more pronounced than the ones deduced from the SLIMCAT model, probably because of the moderate model horizontal resolution (3.75° × 3.75°), which is not high enough to resolve the vortex crossings above Dumont d'Urville and which leads to a larger extent of denitrified air than indicated by the UARS data. The analysis also shows activated ClO inside the vortex at 46 hPa, a dehydrated vortex at 46 hPa, and rehydrated above, with no trace of denitrification in the lower stratosphere. Good agreement between coincident measurements of O3 profiles by UARS/MLS, lidar, and sondes is also observed. Finally, the agreement between UARS and SLIMCAT data sets is much better in the middle stratosphere (4.6 hPa) than in the lower stratosphere (46 hPa).

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Fichiers liés : 98JD00689.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/1998
• Auteurs : E. Saint-EtiennePatrick PonsG. BlasquezPierre Temple-BoyerVéronique ConédéraMonique DilhanX. ChauffleurPhilippe MeniniR. PlanaT. ParraB. GuillonJ.C. Lalaurie
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes
• Publié dans Sensors and Actuators A: Physical le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : This paper presents a new technological process to implement efficient millimetre-wave passive circuits on a silicon substrate. This process associates a thick positive photoresist acting as a mould for the realization of thick conductors (several microns) with an ultra-thin dielectric membrane using only two layers (SiO2/Si2N3.8) in order to reduce both dielectric and ohmic losses in the coplanar millimetre-wave circuits. Coplanar transmission lines and a band-pass filter in the 30 GHz range, featuring respectively transmission losses lower than 0.2 and 1 dB, illustrate some potentialities of this process.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 28/05/1998
• Auteurs : Jean-Marc GuariniGérard F. BlanchardCédric BacherPhilippe GrosPascal RieraPierre RichardDominique GouleauRobert GaloisJean ProuPierre-Guy Sauriau
• Organismes : Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés
• Publié dans Marine Ecology Progress Series le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : Microphytobenthos plays an important role as primary producer in shallow embayments subject to a tidal regime. The present paper aims to characterize the spatial patterns of sedimentary chlorophyll a (chl a) biomass in 2 seasons in the wide intertidal mudflats of the Marennes-Oléron Bay (France); furthermore, it provides estimates of total microphytobenthic biomass. Accordingly, a systematic sampling scheme was performed in June 1995 and in January 1996. On average, biomass was higher in June (ca 120 mg chl a m-2) than in January (ca 85 mg chl a m-2). Moreover, the geostatistical analysis revealed that spatial similarities were propagated over larger distances in June (6 km) than in January (2.2 km). In order to account for this result, we suggest that seasonal dynamics of benthic microalgae biomass obeys a 'constant-density model' that describes the alternating spreading/shrinkage phenomenon around the few persistent patches of maximum biomass (ca 300 mg chl a m-2). Total biomass estimates were ca 13 t chl a (SE = 0.26) in June and 10 t chl a (SE = 0.28) in January. Calculating a raw approximation of the growth rate (0.1 d-1) of that biomass and considering that the total produced biomass is resuspended at flood tide, we found that microphytobenthos supplies about 2 µg chl a l-1, which corresponds to 30-90% of the chl a suspended in the water column, depending on the season. This suggests that microphytobenthos could be a major food source for secondary producers in both pelagic and benthic ecosystems of the Marennes-Oléron Bay.

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Fichiers liés : 58117.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 13/05/1998
• Auteurs : Philippe MartinetPierre BontonJean GalliceMichel BerducatChristophe DebainRaphael Rouveure
• Organismes : Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts

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Résumé : Working on new equipments to increase agricultural productivity and safety, reducing human action hardness , Cemagref and Lasmea have developed an help guidance system for agricultural vehicles. The aim of this system is to help the operator to guide the machine in order to give more attention to the order task. To r each this goal, we use a visual perception of the environment because this sensor gives a solution well adapted to lots of situations. This project began with researches on a visual guidance system for a lawn mower in 1990 and has been adaptated to the development of the same system for a combine harvester in 1995. We model the lawn mower with a virtual axle, use trajectory generation to guide it, and localize the vehicle at each iteration to insure the servoing task. For the combine harvester, we decide to use the task function approach 23] and then to control the combine harvester directly in the sensor space.

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Fichiers liés : fir98.pdf

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