Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 30/09/2021
• Auteurs : Jean-Lynce GnanagoJean-Fabien CapsalTony GergesPhilippe LombardVincent SemetPierre-Jean CottinetMichel CabreraSimon Auguste Lambert
• Organismes : Ampère, Département Bioingénierie Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité Ampère, Département Energie Electrique Ampère, Département Energie Electrique Ampère, Département Energie Electrique Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité Ampère, Département Energie Electrique Ampère, Département Bioingénierie
• Publié dans Frontiers in Physics le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Since 1995, Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) has been constantly developed as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for quantitative mapping of mechanical properties of biological tissues. Indeed, mechanical properties of tissues vary over five orders of magnitude (the shear stiffness is ranging from 10 2 Pa for fat to 10 7 Pa for bones). Additionally, these properties depend on the physiological state which explains the granted benefit of MRE for staging liver fibrosis and its potential in numerous medical and biological domains. In comparison to the other modalities used to perform such measurement, Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques offer the advantages of acquiring 3D high spatial resolution images at high penetration depth. However, performing MRE tissue characterization requires low frequency shear waves propagating in the tissue. Inducing them is the role of a mechanical actuator specifically designed to operate under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) specific restrictions in terms of electromagnetic compatibility. Facing these restrictions, many different solutions have been proposed while keeping a common structure: a vibration generator, a coupling device transmitting the vibration and a piston responsible for the mechanical coupling of the actuator with the tissue. The following review details the MRI constraints and how they are shaping the existing actuators. An emphasis is put on piezoelectric solutions as they solve the main issues encountered with other actuator technologies. Finally, flexible electroactive materials are reviewed as they could open great perspectives to build new type of mechanical actuators with better adaptability, greater ease-of-use and more compactness of dedicated actuators for MRE of small soft samples and superficial organs such as skin, muscles or breast.

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Fichiers liés : MRE actuator.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 30/09/2021
• Auteurs : Paul PlatzerPascal YiouPhilippe NaveauJean-François FilipotMaxime ThiébautPierre Tandeo
• Organismes : France Énergies Marines [Brest] Département Mathematical and Electrical Engineering Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation France Énergies Marines [Brest] France Énergies Marines [Brest] Département Mathematical and Electrical Engineering Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance
• Publié dans Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Some properties of chaotic dynamical systems can be probed through features of recurrences, also called analogs. In practice, analogs are nearest neighbours of the state of a system, taken from a large database called the catalog. Analogs have been used in many atmospheric applications including forecasts, downscaling, predictability estimation, and attribution of extreme events. The distances of the analogs to the target state condition the performances of analog applications. These distances can be viewed as random variables, and their probability distributions can be related to the catalog size and properties of the system at stake. A few studies have focused on the first moments of return time statistics for the best analog, fixing an objective of maximum distance from this analog to the target state. However, for practical use and to reduce estimation variance, applications usually require not just one, but many analogs. In this paper, we evaluate from a theoretical standpoint and with numerical experiments the probability distributions of the $K$-best analog-to-target distances. We show that dimensionality plays a role on the size of the catalog needed to find good analogs, and also on the relative means and variances of the $K$-best analogs. Our results are based on recently developed tools from dynamical systems theory. These findings are illustrated with numerical simulations of a well-known chaotic dynamical system and on 10m-wind reanalysis data in north-west France. A practical application of our derivations for the purpose of objective-based dimension reduction is shown using the same reanalysis data.

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Fichiers liés : Analog_Distances_Distributions__JAS_nolineno_compressed.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 29/09/2021
• Auteurs : Ewen MullinsJean‐louis BressonTamas DalmayIan Crawford DewhurstMichelle M EpsteinLeslie George FirbankPhilippe GuercheJan HejatkoFrancisco Javier MorenoHanspeter NaegeliFabien NoguéJose Juan Sánchez SerranoGiovanni SavoiniEve VeromannFabio VeronesiJosep CasacubertaPaolo LenziIrene Munoz GuajardoTommaso RaffaelloNils Rostoks
• Organismes : Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin - Sciences du végétal Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin - Sciences du végétal
• Publié dans EFSA Journal le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Mutations are changes in the genetic material that may be transmitted to subsequent generations. Mutations appear spontaneously in nature and are one of the underlying driving forces of evolution. In plants, in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis relies on the application of physical and chemical mutagens to increase the frequency of mutations thus accelerating the selection of varieties with important agronomic traits. The European Commission has requested EFSA to provide a more detailed description of in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques and the types of mutations and mechanisms involved, to be able to conclude on whether in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques are to be considered different techniques. To address the European Commission request, a literature search was conducted to collect information on the random mutagenesis techniques used in plants both in vivo and in vitro, on the type of mutations generated by such techniques and on the molecular mechanisms underlying formation of those mutations. The GMO Panel concludes that most physical and chemical mutagenesis techniques have been applied both in vivo and in vitro; the mutation process and the repair mechanisms act at cellular level and thus there is no difference between application of the mutagen in vivo or in vitro; and the type of mutations induced by a specific mutagen are expected to be the same, regardless of whether such mutagen is applied in vivo or in vitro. Indeed, the same mutation and the derived trait in a given plant species can be potentially obtained using both in vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis and the resulting mutants would be indistinguishable. Therefore, the GMO Panel concludes that the distinction between plants obtained by in vitro or in vivo approaches is not justified.

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Fichiers liés : EFSA Journal - 2021 - - In vivo and in vitro random mutagenesis techniques in plants.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 29/09/2021
• Auteurs : Bénédicte BrulinJohn C NolanTecla MarangonMilan KovacevicMathias ChatelaisPierre MeheustJérôme AbadieLouis-Romée Le NailPhilippe RossetMeadhbh Á BrennanPierre Layrolle
• Organismes : Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés - Phy-Os [Nantes - INSERM U1238] Toulouse NeuroImaging Center National University of Ireland [Galway] National University of Ireland [Galway] National University of Ireland [Galway] Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés - Phy-Os [Nantes - INSERM U1238] Veteoceane École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés - Phy-Os [Nantes - INSERM U1238] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours Université de Tours Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles Toulouse NeuroImaging Center Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés - Phy-Os [Nantes - INSERM U1238]
• Publié dans Cancers le 21/10/2020

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Résumé : Improvements in the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma have plateaued in recent decades with poor translation between preclinical testing and clinical efficacy. Organotypic cultures retain key features of patient tumours, such as a myriad of cell types organized within an extracellular matrix, thereby presenting a more realistic and personalised screening of chemotherapeutic agents ex vivo. To test this concept for the first time in osteosarcoma, murine and canine osteosarcoma organotypic models were maintained for up to 21 days and in-depth analysis identified proportions of immune and stromal cells present at levels comparable to that reported in vivo in the literature. Cytotoxicity testing of a range of chemotherapeutic drugs (mafosfamide, cisplatin, methotrexate, etoposide, and doxorubicin) on murine organotypic culture ex vivo found limited response to treatment, with immune and stromal cells demonstrating enhanced survival over the global tumour cell population. Furthermore, significantly decreased sensitivity to a range of chemotherapeutics in 3D organotypic culture relative to 2D monolayer was observed, with subsequent investigation confirming reduced sensitivity in 3D than in 2D, even at equivalent levels of drug uptake. Finally, as proof of concept for the application of this model to personalised drug screening, chemotherapy testing with doxorubicin was performed on biopsies obtained from canine osteosarcoma patients. Together, this study highlights the importance of recapitulating the 3D tumour multicellular microenvironment to better predict drug response and provides evidence for the utility and possibilities of organotypic culture for enhanced preclinical selection and evaluation of chemotherapeutics targeting osteosarcoma.

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Fichiers liés : Brulin_2021.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 28/09/2021
• Auteurs : Chloé de BrouckerAurélie PlessierIsabelle Ollivier-HourmandSebastien DharancyChristophe BureauJean-Paul CervoniPhilippe SogniOdile GoriaOlivier CorcosRiccardo SartorisMaxime RonotValérie VilgrainEmmanuelle de RaucourtKamal ZekriniHortense DavyFrançois DurandAudrey PayancéNadira Fidouh-HouhouYazdan YazdanpanahDominique VallaPierre-Emmanuel Rautou
• Organismes : Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Hôpital Côte de Nacre [CHU Caen] Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon Service d'hépatologie médicale [CHU Cochin] Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen] Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP] Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP] Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP] Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP] Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation
• Publié dans Journal of Hepatology le 23/10/2020

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Résumé : Background & AimsRecent non-malignant non-cirrhotic portal venous system thrombosis (PVT) is a rare condition. Among risk factors for PVT, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is usually listed based on a small number of reported cases. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and outcomes of PVT associated with CMV disease.MethodsWe conducted a French multicenter retrospective study comparing patients with recent PVT and CMV disease (“CMV positive”; n = 23) to patients with recent PVT for whom CMV testing was negative (“CMV negative”; n = 53) or unavailable (“CMV unknown”; n = 297).ResultsCompared to patients from the “CMV negative” and “CMV unknown” groups, patients from the “CMV positive” group were younger, more frequently had fever, and had higher heart rate, lymphocyte count and serum ALT levels (p ≤0.01 for all). The prevalence of immunosuppression did not differ between the 3 groups (4%, 4% and 6%, respectively). Extension of PVT was similar between the 3 groups. Thirteen out of 23 “CMV positive” patients had another risk factor for thrombosis. Besides CMV disease, the number of risk factors for thrombosis was similar between the 3 groups. Heterozygosity for the prothrombin G20210A gene variant was more frequent in “CMV positive” patients (22%) than in the “CMV negative” (4%, p = 0.01) and “CMV unknown” (8%, p = 0.03) groups. Recanalization rate was not influenced by CMV status.ConclusionsIn patients with recent PVT, features of mononucleosis syndrome should raise suspicion of CMV disease. CMV disease does not influence thrombosis extension nor recanalization. More than half of “CMV positive” patients have another risk factor for thrombosis, with a particular link to the prothrombin G20210A gene variant.Lay summaryPatients with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated portal venous system thrombosis have similar thrombosis extension and evolution as patients without CMV disease. However, patients with CMV-associated portal venous system thrombosis more frequently have the prothrombin G20210A gene variant, suggesting that these entities act synergistically to promote thrombosis.

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Fichiers liés : S0168827821020419.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 28/09/2021
• Auteurs : Camielsa PrévostVincent ArdThierry BlascoPhilippe ForréNicolas FromontYvan PaillerAnne-Charlotte Philippe-LelongMartine RegertLudovic SolerAkshyeta Suryanarayan
• Organismes : Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age Université Côte d'Azur Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Service d’Archéologie Départementale de Charente-Maritime De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Résumé : Depuis une trentaine d’années, il est devenu possible de déterminer le contenu et l’usage des poteries à partir de l’étude des lipides en lien avec ces céramiques. De nombreuses investigations ont été développées pour le nord de l'Europe et le pourtour méditerranéen, en particulier concernant le Néolithique ancien et l'apparition de l’agriculture. Le littoral atlantique, quant à lui, reste à ce jour peu exploré en matière d'approche lipidique, notamment pour la fin du Néolithique et le début de l’âge du Bronze. Afin d’estimer le degré de conservation des lipides et leur nature, un vaste échantillonnage a été entrepris dans des contextes littoraux (insulaires et continentaux), marécageux et intertidaux. Cette communication est l’occasion de présenter les résultats obtenus pour les sites des Caltières (Olonne-sur-mer, Vendée), Beg ar Loued (Molène, Finistère) et Ors Estran (Château d’Oléron, Charente-Maritime). Il s’agit d’un corpus de 313 échantillons (tessons et résidus issus de 220 vases), témoignant des relations Homme/Littoral pour trois contextes chrono-culturels différents. Afin d’évaluer l’impact des manipulations après la mise au jour du matériel céramique sur la conservation des lipides, un protocole original de prélèvement a été mis en place sur un des sites échantillonnés (Ors Estran). Utilisant une méthodologie reconnue, les échantillons ont été préparés pour être analysés en chromatographie (GC et GC-MS). Les résultats obtenus montrent une excellente préservation des lipides, tant quantitative que qualitative (66% de tests positifs avec une large gamme de familles chimiques), parfois comparable à celle des sites lacustres néolithiques de Chalain et Clairvaux (Jura). Les assemblages moléculaires démontrent l’exploitation d’une grande variété de substances naturelles, à mettre en lien avec des graisses animales sous-cutanées d’origine terrestre, des produits laitiers, des cires animales et végétales, mais aucun marqueur d'origine aquatique. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’études et soulignent la nécessité de porter intérêt à ces vestiges ténus du littoral atlantique.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 28/09/2021
• Auteurs : Ronan ScanffDavid NéronPierre LadevèzePhilippe BarabinotFrédéric CugnonJean-Pierre Delsemme
• Organismes : Siemens Industry Software SAS [Châtillon] Laboratoire de mécanique et technologie Laboratoire de mécanique et technologie Laboratoire de mécanique et technologie Siemens Industry Software SAS [Châtillon] Samtech Samtech

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 27/09/2021
• Auteurs : Alison SmolderenMathilde Antuna BustinzaLaureline CattelainNicolas CauweJean-Philippe CollinMarie GillardÉric GoemaereQuentin GoffetteMichael HorevoetsCaroline PoletPierre Cattelain
• Organismes : Musée du Malgré-Tout Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 Musée du Malgré-Tout Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain Centre de recherches en archéologie et patrimoine Trajectoires - UMR 8215 Université libre de Bruxelles = Free University of Brussels Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Musée du Malgré-Tout Université de Liège = University of Liège = Universiteit van Luik = Universität Lüttich Université libre de Bruxelles = Free University of Brussels Université libre de Bruxelles = Free University of Brussels Centre de recherches en archéologie et patrimoine
• Publié dans Chronique de l'Archéologie wallonne le 27/09/2023

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Fichiers liés : Treignes.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 27/09/2021
• Auteurs : Raphaël P MartinsBaptiste MailleFrancis BessièreKarim BenaliCharles GuenanciaVincent AlgalarrondoJean-Baptiste GourraudPierre BaudinaudChristian de ChillouPhilippe MauryFrédéric SacherVincent Galand
• Organismes : Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Service de chirurgie cardio-vasculaire et thoracique (CHU Dijon) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou]
• Publié dans Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology le 23/10/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 26/09/2021
• Auteurs : Julie BeaumeLucile FigueresMickaël BobotLouis de LaforcadeHamza AyariThibault Dolley‐hitzeVictor GueutinAntoine BraconnierLéonard GolbinSalvatore CitardaGuillaume SeretLisa BelaïdRaphaël CohenYosu LuqueFabrice LarceneuxRiyad N.H. SeervaiCamille OversJean‐philippe Bertocchio
• Organismes : Hopital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne [Toulon] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] Centre Hopitalier Pierre Oudot [Bourgoin-Jallieu] Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] AUB Santé CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] AURA Paris - Plaisance Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré [Reims] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre associatif lyonnais de dialyse Association ECHO [Expansion des Centres d’Hémodialyse de l’Ouest] AUB Santé Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] CHU Tenon [AP-HP] CoRaKiD - Maladies rénales fréquentes et rares : des mécanismes moléculaires à la médecine personnalisée Dauphine Recherches en Management Baylor College of Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
• Publié dans Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : Oral alkalization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or citrate is prescribed for conditions ranging from metabolic acidosis to nephrolithiasis. While most nephrologists/urologists use this method routinely, extracellular volume (ECV) increase is the main feared adverse event reported for NaHCO3. Thus far, no trial has specifically studied this issue in a real-world setting. AlcalUN (NCT03035812) is a multicentric, prospective, open-label cohort study with nationwide (France) enrollment in 18 (public and private) nephrology/urology units. Participants were adult outpatients requiring chronic (>1 month) oral alkalization by either NaHCO3-containing or no-NaHCO3-containing agents. The ECV increase (primary outcome) was judged based on body weight increase (ΔBW), blood pressure increase (ΔBP), and/or new-onset edema at the first follow-up visit (V1). From 02/2017 to 02/2020, 156 patients were enrolled. After a median 106 days of treatment, 91 (72%) patients reached the primary outcome. They had lower systolic (135 [125, 141] vs. 141 [130, 150], p=0.02) and diastolic (77 [67, 85] vs. 85 [73, 90], p=0.03) BP values, a higher plasma chloride (106.0 [105.0, 109.0] vs. 105.0 [102.0, 107.0], p=0.02) at baseline, and a less frequent history of nephrolithiasis (32 vs. 56%, p=0.02). Patients experienced mainly slight increases in blood pressure (ΔBP<10 mmHg). The primary outcome was not associated (p=0.79) with the study treatment (129 received NaHCO3, 27 received citrate). We subsequently developed 3 different models of propensity score matching; each confirmed our results. Chronic oral alkalization with NaHCO3 is no longer associated with an ECV increase compared to citrate in real-life settings.

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Fichiers liés : Clin Pharma and Therapeutics - 2021 - Beaume.pdf

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