Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Olivier HussonJean-Pierre SarthouLydia BoussetAlain RatnadassHans-Peter SchmidtJohn KempfBenoit HussonSophie TingryJean-Noël AubertotJean-Philippe DeguineFrançois-Régis GoebelJay Ram Lamichhane
• Organismes : Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux Ithaka Institute for Carbon Intelligence Advancing Eco Agriculture IDEE Institut Européen des membranes AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical Département Systèmes Biologiques Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires
• Publié dans Plant and Soil le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Background: Plants perform in a specific Eh–pH spectrum and they rely on various processes to ensure their homeostasis, which plays a central role in their defense. The effects of multiple stresses, all translated into oxidative stress into the plant, and the capacity of the latter to respond to these stresses results in specific Eh–pH states in plants.Scope: We reviewed plant-invertebrate pests and plant-pathogens interactions under a Eh–pH homeostasis perspective by extensively analyzing the literature, which converges and supports a set of hypotheses. We report examples showing how the development and attacks of pests are correlated to spatio-temporal variations of Eh–pH in plants. We provide evidence-based discussionon how Eh–pH homeostasis can open a new perspective on plant health, and help unravel and disentangle the many Genotype x Environment x Management x Pest and Pathogen interactions. We propose an original perspective on energy allocation and growth-defense tradeoff by plants based on the Eh–pH homeostasis model. Finally, we show how Eh–pH conditions in the rhizosphere are the results of multiple interactions between the root system and microorganisms. Based on this, we hypothesize that soil suppressiveness is derived from soil structure leading to diverse Eh–pH niches that harbor a diversity of microorganisms.Conclusions: The Eh–pH homeostasis model proposed herein is central to soil and plant health. An Eh–pH perspective could become a very powerful tool to develop a “one health approach” unifying a large range of biophysical processes in a very coherent and consistent manner.

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Fichiers liés : version HAL.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Mengjia WangSassan S SaatchiFrédéric FrappartPhilippe CiaisRui SunYi LiuXiaojun LiXiangzhuo LiuChristophe MoisyWigneron J.-P.
• Organismes : Beijing Normal University Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère Southwest University [Chongqing] Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-ATC Beijing Normal University Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère
• Publié dans Remote Sensing of Environment le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Vegetation optical depth (VOD) retrieved from microwave observations has been found to be useful to monitor the dynamics of the vegetation features at global scale. Particularly, many applications could be developed in several fields of research (ecology, water and carbon cycle, etc.) from VOD products retrieved from the SMOS and SMAP observations at L-band, and from the combined AMSR-E (2002−2011)/AMSR2 (2012-present) observations at C- and X-bands. One of the main difficulties in retrieving VOD is that the microwave observations are sensitive to both the soil (mainly soil moisture) and vegetation (mostly VOD) features. The AMSR-E/2 sensors provide only mono-angular observations at two polarizations. These dual-channel observations may be strongly correlated so that retrieving SM and VOD simultaneously can be an ill-posed problem. Here, to overcome this problem, we proposed and evaluated a new retrieval approach from AMSR2 observations at X-band to produce a new X-VOD product. The X-VOD retrievals were based on the inversion of the X-MEB model, an extension of the L-MEB model (L-band microwave emission of the biosphere) to the X-band. The main originality in comparison to previous algorithms is that (i) only VOD was retrieved while SM was estimated from a reanalysis data set (ERA5-Land); (ii) model inversion was based on an innovative approach to initialize the cost function; and (iii) new values for the soil and vegetation X-MEB model parameters were calibrated. To evaluate the methodology, we performed the VOD retrievals over the whole African continent over 2014–2016, including a dry (2015) and a wet (2014) year. In a first step, we calibrated a set of three parameters: effective scattering albedo (ω), soil roughness (HR) and VOD first guess (VODini). Several datasets of vegetation indices as Above-Ground Biomass (AGB), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were chosen as reference data to optimize these model parameters. Globally-constant values (ω = 0.06 and HR = 0.6) were found to achieve high spatial and temporal correlations between retrieved X-VOD and the reference vegetation parameters. Comparison with other X-VOD products suggested IB X-VOD had competitive advantages in terms of both spatial and temporal performances. In particular, spatial correlation with three biomass datasets was found to be higher than for previous X-VOD products (R2 ~ 0.76–0.83) and temporal correlation with LAI or NDVI showed obvious improvements, especially in dense vegetation.

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Fichiers liés : S0034425721002765.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Marie-Pierre de BellefonPierre-Philippe CombesGilles DurantonLaurent GobillonClément Gorin
• Organismes : Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Département d'économie (Sciences Po) Center for Economic Policy Research Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia] Institut national d'études démographiques Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne
• Publié dans Journal of Urban Economics le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : We develop a new dartboard methodology to delineate urban areas using detailed information about building location, which we implement using a map of all buildings in France. For each pixel, our approach compares actual building density after smoothing to counterfactual smoothed building density computed after randomly redistributing buildings. We define as urban any area with statistically significant excess building density. Within urban areas, extensions to our approach allow us to distinguish ‘core’ urban pixels and detect centres and subcentres. Finally, we develop novel one- and two-sided tests that provide a statistical basis to compare maps with different delineations, which we use to assess the robustness of our approach and to document large differences between our preferred delineation and the corresponding official one.

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Fichiers liés : 2021_debellefon_combes_duranton_gobillon_gorin_delineating_urban_areas_using_building_density.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Gregory LazarianMichaël MungerAnne QuinquenelMarie‐sarah DilhuydyLauren VeroneseDamien Luque PazRomain GuièzeAlbane Ledoux‐pilonJérôme PaillassaFatiha MerabetJean‐philippe VialAudrey BidetAgathe Waultier RascalouJulien BroséusDamien Roos-WeilAnne LavaudLysiane MolinaKamel LaribiBénédicte HivertChloé FriedrichBenjamin CarpentierLoic YsebaertEric van den NesteLise WillemsAnne CorbyStéphanie PoulainVirginie EclacheEve MaubecAntoine MartinPierre FeugierAlain DelmerFanny Baran‐marszakStéphane LeprêtreFlorence Cymbalista
• Organismes : Signalisation, Microenvironnement et Hémopathies Lymphoïdes B Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus [CHU Québec] Hôpital Robert Debré Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux] Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias CHU Clermont-Ferrand CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux] Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux] Institut de Cancérologie du GARD ICG - CHU Nîmes Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy Institut de Myologie Institut de Myologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans) Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse] Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles] Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] Centre Hospitalier de la Rochelle Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille] Adaptateurs de signalisation en hématologie Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] Signalisation, Microenvironnement et Hémopathies Lymphoïdes B Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy Hôpital Robert Debré Signalisation, Microenvironnement et Hémopathies Lymphoïdes B Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen Signalisation, Microenvironnement et Hémopathies Lymphoïdes B Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP]
• Publié dans American Journal of Hematology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : No abstract available

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Laurent LamHélène FontaineMarc BourliereClovis Lusivika-NzingaCéline DorivalDominique ThabutFabien ZoulimFrançois HabersetzerTarik AsselahJean-Charles Duclos-ValleeJean-Pierre BronowickiPhilippe MathurinThomas DecaensNathalie GanneDominique GuyaderVincent LeroyIsabelle RosaVictor De LedinghenPaul CalèsXavier CausseDominique LarreyOlivier ChazouilleresMoana Gelu-SimeonVéronique Loustaud-RattiSophie MétivierLaurent AlricGhassan RiachiJérôme GournayAnne MinelloAlbert TranClaire GeistArmand AbergelFrançois RaffiLouis D’alterocheIsabelle PortalNathanaël LapidusStanislas PolFabrice Carrat
• Organismes : Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP] AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris] Hôpital Saint-Joseph [Marseille] Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Pathologies biliaires, fibrose et cancer du foie [CRSA] Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation Centre Hépato-Biliaire [Hôpital Paul Brousse] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy Physiopathologie des Maladies Inflammatoires de l'Intestin Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale CHI Créteil Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology [Bordeaux] Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB) CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP] CHU Pointe-à-Pitre / Abymes [Guadeloupe] Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Ciblage individuel et prévention des risques de traitements immunosupresseurs et de la transplantation Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement CHU Rouen Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire Centre hospitalier régional de Metz-Thionville Institut Pascal Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes CHU Trousseau [Tours] Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique Immunité Innée - Innate Immunity Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique
• Publié dans Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : BACKGROUND and AIMS: The factors predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence in chronic hepatitis B need to be precisely known to improve its detection. We identified pathways and individual predictive factors associated with HCC in the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort. METHODS: The study analyzed HBV-infected patients recruited at 32 French expert hepatology centers from August 6, 2012, to December 31, 2015. We excluded patients with chronic HCV, HDV and a history of HCC, decompensated cirrhosis or liver transplantation. Structural equation models were developed to characterize the causal pathways leading to HCC occurrence. The association between clinical characteristics (age, gender, body-mass index, liver fibrosis, alcohol consumption, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, alpha-fetoprotein, HBV DNA levels, antiviral therapy) and incident HCC was quantified. RESULTS: Among the 4,489 patients included, 33 patients reported incident HCC. The median follow-up was 45.2 months. Age (β = 0.18 by decade, 95% CI 0.14-0.23), male gender (β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.18-0.29), metabolic syndrome (β = 0.28, 95% CI 0.22-0.33), alcohol consumption (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.05-0.14) and HBV DNA (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.17-0.34) had a significant and direct effect on the occurrence of advanced liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis (β = 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.87) predicted, in turn, the occurrence of HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Liver fibrosis mediates the effects of age, gender, alcohol, metabolic syndrome and HBV DNA on the occurrence of HCC. Elderly men with chronic hepatitis B, risky alcohol use, advanced liver fibrosis, metabolic syndrome and high HBV DNA levels should be monitored closely to detect the development of HCC.

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Fichiers liés : Lam et al. - 2021 - Predictive Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Gustave MabiamaDieudonné AdiogoPierre-Marie PreuxJean-Claude DesportPhilippe FayemendyPierre Jésus
• Organismes : Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques en zone tropicale Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges] Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges]
• Publié dans Clinical Nutrition ESPEN le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : Background and aims: Although the ageing of the Cameroonian population is a public health issue in the coming years, the nutritional status of the elderly is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status, health status and associated socio-demographic factors among elderly in Cameroon.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 599 elderly (aged 60) was conducted in urban and rural areas. Several socio-demographic, sanitary, and anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)) data were collected. Nutritional status was defined according to WHO. Multinomial analysis was performed to identify factors associated with nutritional status. The threshold of statistical significance was 5%.Results: The population, representative of the elderly, was aged 68.9 ± 7.2 years, with sex ratio M/F ¼ 0.93, weight 68.5 ± 14.7 kg, BMI 24.7 ± 5.3,WC 90.1 ± 12.8 cm and MUAC 28.2 ± 5.0 cm. According to BMI, undernutrition was 19.7%, normal status 37.9%, overweight 24.9%, obesity 17.5%. The concordance for undernutrition between BMI and MUAC was weak (kappa ¼ 0.3). In multinomial analysis, only no medication was negatively associated with undernutrition (OR ¼ 0.3). Obesity was positively associated with the urban environment (OR ¼ 4.8) and inactivity (OR ¼ 2.9) and negatively associated with male gender (OR ¼ 0.4), widowed (OR ¼ 0.2), head of household (OR ¼ 0.4), no income (OR ¼ 0.3), one pathology(OR ¼ 0.4), no medication (OR ¼ 0.2), having normal diastolic pressure (OR ¼ 0.2).Conclusions: Undernutrition and obesity (more frequent in women, and in urban area) affect 37.2% of the elderly. These nutritional disorders are a public health problem that cannot be ignored.

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Fichiers liés : S2405457721003090.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Ludovic de GaboryPhilippe BoudardJean Pierre BessedeAline MaillardSabrina LacommeÉtienne GontierMarlene DurandJean-Christophe FricainAntoine BenardLaurence Bordenave
• Organismes : Bordeaux population health Bioingénierie tissulaire Bordeaux population health Bioingénierie tissulaire
• Publié dans Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine le 17/08/2021

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Résumé : Importance: A validated biomaterial would have several medical advantages in septorhinoplasties requiring a large-volume graft such as avoiding donor site morbidity, making ambulatory surgery possible, and reducing surgical costs. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a ceramic to treat saddle and crooked noses. The main endpoint was the biocompatibility of the implant. The secondary endpoint was its functional and aesthetic efficacy. Design, Setting, and Participants: The nasal septum (NASEPT) study is a pilot multicenter noncomparative prospective phase IIa clinical trial. The biomaterial tested was a biphasic calcium phosphate implant composed of 75% hydroxyapatite and 25% beta tri calcium phosphate. This versatile material can be used to replace septal skeleton when it is absent or nonusable. We included 25 patients with a multifractured osseous and cartilaginous framework after several traumas or surgeries. The implant placement technique was identical to an extracorporeal septoplasty through the external approach. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary endpoint was the occurrence of expected adverse and severe adverse events. The secondary endpoints were clinical functional and aesthetic results and histological microscopic modifications. Results: Any extrusion, infection, pain, and epistaxis were observed. All implants were placed in a sagittal, straight, and solid position without extralobular depression. Comparisons between pre- and postoperative symptoms showed that nasal comfort (p < 10(-4)) and quality of life (p < 10(-4)) were dramatically improved in all patients. The nasolabial angle (p = 0.047) and the columellar projection (p = 0.024) were improved after surgery. Histological data showed little submucosal inflammation at 6 months with well-differentiated epithelium. The mean follow-up was 23 months: three patients underwent revision surgery for functional or aesthetic details and four implants were removed (16%) owing to a foreign body reaction between 17 and 74 months. Conclusion and Relevance: The NASEPT implant meets functional and aesthetic requirements in complex septorhinoplasties but its long-term biocompatibility needs to be improved. It could potentially avoid donor site morbidity.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Bruno FrançoisHasan JafriJean ChastreMiguel Sánchez-GarcíaPhilippe EggimannPierre-François DequinVincent HuberlantLucia Viña SoriaThierry BoulainCédric BretonnièreJérôme PuginJosep TrenadoAna Catalina Hernandez PadillaOmar AliKathryn ShoemakerPin RenFrank CoenjaertsAlexey RuzinOlivier BarraudLeen TimbermontChristine LammensVadryn PierreYuling WuJulie VignaudSusan ColbertTerramika BellamyMark EsserFilip DubovskyMarc BontenHerman GoossensPierre-François LaterreDidier ChochradAlain DiveFrédéric ForetMarc SimonHerbert SpapenJacques CreteurYves BouckaertPatrick BistonMarc BourgeoisMartin NovacekTomas VymazalPetr SvobodaJan PachlVladimir SramekMichal HanauerTomas HrubyMartin BalikTomas SuchyAlain LepapeLaurent ArgaudFrédéric DaillerArnaud DesachyChristophe GuittonAlain MercatFerhat MezianiJean-Christophe NavellouRene RobertBertrand SouweineJean-Marc TadieAdel MaamarDjillali AnnaneFabienne TamionAntoine GrosSaad NseirCarole SchwebelGilles FranconyJean-Yves LefrantFrancis SchneiderMatthias GründlingJohann MotschLorenz ReillCaroline RolfesTobias WelteOliver CornelyFrank BloosMaria DejaKatrin SchmidtFrank WapplerAndreas Meier-HellmannApostolos KomnosVasileios BekosVasilios KoulourasIoanna SoultatiGeorgios BaltopoulosGeorgios FilntisisEpaminondas ZakynthinosSpyros ZakynthinosIoannis PnevmatikosIldikó KrémerZoltán SzentkeresztyAgnes SarkanyZsuzsa MarjanekPedro MouraMaria Consuelo Pintado DelgadoJuan Carlos Montejo GonzálezPaula RamirezAntonio Torres MartiJuan Carlos ValiaJose LorenteAna Loza VazquezRaúl de Pablo SanchezDolores EscuderoRicard Ferrer RocaJean-Luc PaganiMarco Maggiorini
• Organismes : Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques Service de Réanimation Polyvalente [CHU Limoges] AstraZeneca CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos [Madrid, Spain] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois = Lausanne University Hospital [Lausanne] Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires [Tours] Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orléans Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain] Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève = University Hospital of Geneva [Genève] Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques CHU Limoges AstraZeneca AstraZeneca AstraZeneca University Medical Center [Utrecht] AstraZeneca Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques CHU Limoges Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] AstraZeneca AstraZeneca CHU Limoges Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques AstraZeneca AstraZeneca AstraZeneca AstraZeneca Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain
• Publié dans The Lancet Infectious Diseases le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Background Staphylococcus aureus remains a common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia, with little change in incidence over the past 15 years. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of suvratoxumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the α toxin, in reducing the incidence of S aureus pneumonia in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who are on mechanical ventilation. Methods We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 pilot trial at 31 hospitals in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland. Eligible patients were in the ICU, aged ≥18 years, were intubated and on mechanical ventilation, were positive for S aureus colonisation of the lower respiratory tract, as assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of endotracheal aspirate, and had not been diagnosed with new-onset pneumonia. Patients were excluded if they had confirmed or suspected acute ongoing staphylococcal disease; had received antibiotics for S aureus infection for more than 48 h within 72 h of randomisation; had a Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score of 6 or higher; had an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score of 25 or higher with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of more than 5, or an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score of at least 30 with a GCS score of 5 or less; had a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 9 or higher; or had active pulmonary disease that would impair the ability to diagnose pneumonia. Colonised patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1), by use of an interactive voice or web response system, to receive either a single intravenous infusion of suvratoxumab 2000 mg, suvratoxumab 5000 mg, or placebo. Randomisation was done in blocks of size four, stratified by country and by whether patients had received systemic antibiotics for S aureus infection. Patients, investigators, and study staff involved in the treatment or clinical evaluation of patients were masked to patient assignment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of S aureus pneumonia at 30 days, as determined by a masked independent endpoint adjudication committee, in all patients who received their assigned treatment (modified intention-to-treat [ITT] population). Primary safety endpoints were the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events at 30 days, 90 days, and 190 days after treatment, and the incidence of treatment-emergent serious adverse events, adverse events of special interest, and new-onset chronic disease at 190 days after treatment. All primary safety endpoints were assessed in the modified ITT population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02296320) and the EudraCT database (2014-001097-34).

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2021
• Auteurs : Michael SchermanJoanna BarrosRosa SantagataElodie LinPhilippe NicolasJean Pierre FaleniAxel Vincent-RandonnierPascal CherubiniFlorestan GuichardAjmal MohamedDaniel GaffieBrigitte Attal‐trétoutAlexandre Bresson
• Organismes : DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]
• Publié dans Journal of Raman Spectroscopy le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : The study of complex reactive flows met in aeronautical engines is an experimental challenge that requires the development of noninvasive and precise measurement techniques. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is a standard spectroscopic technique used for temperature measurements, which provides unmatched reliability and accuracy at high repetition rate thanks to its recent adaptation to femtosecond temporal regime. This paper reports the first demonstration of hybrid fs/ps-CARS thermometry in a representative aeronautical combustor (ONERA MICADO test bench, Reynolds number ≈105). Single-shot N2 CARS spectra have been recorded at 1 kHz, allowing temperature follow up, statistical and frequency (0.1–500 Hz) analysis of CH4/air flame at 0.34-MPa total pressure. The achieved results demonstrate the ability of the technique to be applied in representative engines conditions and its maturity for semi-industrial applications.

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Fichiers liés : DPHY21068_vacceptee.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 31/08/2021
• Auteurs : Antony PottierPierre-Jean BouvetPhilippe Forjonel
• Organismes : Systèmes Embarqués, Acoustique et Télécommunications

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Résumé : This paper presents a study of Multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) as a multi-access method for underwater acoustic communications. Traditional multi-access schemes such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) suffer from limited data rates due to an inefficient sharing of communication resources. In a MU-MIMO systems, each user can be viewed by the receiver as an input of a conventional MIMO channel. The receiver can then exploit the spatial diversity to decode the input streams of each users. Achievable rates of MU-MIMO with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) are studied in a first place, and compared with single user and TDMA theoretical performance. The theoretical rates are computed on channels sounded at-sea for a two-user configuration so as to evaluate what gains can be expected from the MU-MIMO approach. Finally, comparisons with the effective rates obtained from simulations of full modulation and demodulation stages using measured channels and the underWater AcousTic channEl Replay benchMARK (WATERMARK) are provided.

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Fichiers liés : ucomms20.pdf

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