Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 11/07/2020
• Auteurs : Michel ZeitouniPierre SabouretMathieu KerneïsJohanne SilvainJean-Philippe ColletÉric BruckertGilles Montalescot
• Organismes : Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
• Publié dans European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy le 31/10/2019

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Résumé : In 2019, the European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society released a new guideline document with substantial changes regarding the assessment of cardiovascular risk and treatments. The update of high-risk criteria and categories led to a better detection and primary prevention of patients at risk of a first cardiovascular event. Nonetheless, additional efforts are needed for a better inclusion of risk modifiers, especially specific to women, to improve risk stratification and direct primary prevention. Eventually, we discuss how these new guidelines implement PCSK9 inhibitors for very-high risk individuals and the evidence supporting new LDL-C goals below such as 55 mg/dL and 40 mg/dL.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 10/07/2020
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre GangneuxFlorian ReizineHélène GueganKieran PinceauxPierre Le BalchEmilie PratRomain PelletierSorya BelazMathieu Le SouhaitierYves Le TulzoPhilippe SeguinMathieu LederlinJean-Marc TadiéFlorence Robert-Gangneux
• Organismes : Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail
• Publié dans Journal of Fungi le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : Background The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in an intensive care unit (ICU)remains a challenge and the COVID-19 epidemic makes it even harder. Here, we evaluatedAspergillus PCR input to help classifying IA in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.Methods 45COVID-19 patients were prospectively monitored twice weekly for Aspergillus markers and anti-Aspergillus serology. We evaluated the concordance between (Ι) Aspergillus PCR and culture inrespiratory samples, and (ΙΙ) blood PCR and serum galactomannan. Patients were classified asputative/proven/colonized using AspICU algorithm and two other methods.Results Theconcordance of techniques applied on respiratory and blood samples was moderate (kappa = 0.58and kappa = 0.63, respectively), with a higher sensitivity of PCR. According to AspICU, 9/45 patientswere classified as putative IA. When incorporating PCR results, 15 were putative IA because theymet all criteria, probably with a lack of specificity in the context of COVID-19. Using a modifiedAspICU algorithm, eight patients were classified as colonized and seven as putative IA.Conclusion An appreciation of the fungal burden using PCR and Aspergillus serology was addedto propose a modified AspICU algorithm. This proof of concept seemed relevant, as it was inagreement with the outcome of patients, but will need validation in larger cohorts.

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Fichiers liés : jof-06-00105-v2.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 07/07/2020
• Auteurs : Philippe Guerche
• Organismes : Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin - Sciences du végétal

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Fichiers liés : avis-cs-hcb-projet-decret-modifiant-code-environnement-200707-rev-201203.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 06/07/2020
• Auteurs : Pierre ErbacherCarole LartizienMatthieu MartinPedro Foletto PimentaPhilippe QuetinPhilippe Delachartre
• Organismes : Imagerie Ultrasonore Modeling & analysis for medical imaging and Diagnosis Modeling & analysis for medical imaging and Diagnosis Imagerie Ultrasonore Imagerie Ultrasonore Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut (Avignon) Imagerie Ultrasonore

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Résumé : About 18-35% of the preterm infants suffer from punctuate white matter lesion (PWML). Accurately assessing the volume and localisation of these lesions at the early postnatal phase can help paediatricians adapting the therapeutic strategy and potentially reduce severe sequelae. MRI is the gold standard neuroimaging tool to assess minimal to severe WM lesions, but it is only rarely performed for cost and accessibility reasons. Cranial ultra-sonography (cUS) is a routinely used tool, however, the visual detection of PWM lesions is challenging and time consuming due to speckle noise and low contrast image. In this paper we perform semantic detection and segmentation of PWML on 3D cranial ultrasonogra-phy. We introduce a novel deep architecture, called Priority U-Net, based on the 2D U-Net backbone combined with the self balancing focal loss and a soft attention model focusing on the PWML localisation. The proposed attention mask is a 3D probabilistic map derived from spatial prior knowledge of PWML localisation computed from our dataset. We compare the performance of the priority U-Net with the U-Net baseline based on a dataset including 21 exams of preterm neonates (131 PWMLs). We also evaluate the impact of the self-balancing focal loss (SBFL) on the performance. Compared to the U-Net, the priority U-Net with SBFL increases the recall and the precision in the detection task from 0.4404 to 0.5370 and from 0.3217 to 0.5043, respectively. The Dice metric is also increased from 0.3040 to 0.3839 in the segmentation task.

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Fichiers liés : Erbacher_priority_unet_detection_of_punctuate_white_matter_lesions_in_preterm_neonate_in_3d_cranial_ultrasonography_MIDL2020.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 05/07/2020
• Auteurs : Vincent GalandChristophe LeclercqHamed BourenaneStéphane BouléAndré VincentelliPhilippe MauryPierre MondolyFrançois PicardNicolas WelteMichel KindoThomas CardiJean-Luc PasquiéPhilippe GaudardJean-Baptiste GourraudVincent ProbstPascal DefayeAude BoignardMarylou ParaVincent AlgalarrondoEdeline PelcéVlad GariboldiMatteo PozziJean‐françois ObadiaFrédéric AnselmePierre‐yves LitzlerKatrien BlanchartGerard BabatasiFabien GarnierMarie BielefeldDavid HamonNicolas LelloucheThierry BourguignonBertrand PierreRomain EschalierNicolas D’ostrevyEmilie VarletEloi MarijonHugues BlangyNicolas SadoulErwan FlécherRaphaël P Martins
• Organismes : Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [CHU Lille] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [CHU Lille] Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse] Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse] Université de Bordeaux Université de Bordeaux Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Strasbourg] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Strasbourg] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] CIC - Grenoble Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris] AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris] Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL] Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL] Service de Cardiologie [CHU Rouen] Service de Cardiologie [CHU Rouen] CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand Hôpital Henri Mondor Hôpital Henri Mondor Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours CHU Clermont-Ferrand CHU Clermont-Ferrand Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Service de Cardiologie [CHRU Nancy] Service de Cardiologie [CHRU Nancy] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image
• Publié dans PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology le 02/11/2020

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Fichiers liés : 2020 Galand et al., Implantable.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2020
• Auteurs : Camille-Charlotte BalançaClara-Maria ScarlataMarie MichelasChristel DevaudVictor SarradinCamille FranchetCarlos Martinez-GomezCarlos Alberto Gomez-RocaMarie TosoliniDiana HeaugwaneFrançoise Lauzéral-VizcainoLucile Mir-MesnierVirginie FéliuCarine ValleFrédéric PontGwenaël FerronLaurence GladieffStéphanie MottonYann Tanguy Le GacAgnès Dupret-BoriesJérôme SariniBenjamin VairelClaire IllacAurore SiegfriedEliane Mery-LamarcheJean-Jacques FourniéS. VergezJean-Pierre DelordPhilippe RochaixAlejandra MartinezMaha Ayyoub
• Organismes : Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse Oncopole Claudius Regaud Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole
• Publié dans Cancer Immunology Research le 20/04/2021

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Résumé : Although understanding of T-cell exhaustion is widely based on mouse models, its analysis in patients with cancer could provide clues indicating tumor sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Data suggest a role for costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28, in exhausted T-cell responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional approaches to dissect the relation between CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, CD28 costimulation, and tumor specificity in head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. We found that memory tumor–specific CD8+ T cells, but not bystander cells, sequentially express immune checkpoints once they infiltrate tumors, leading, in situ, to a functionally exhausted population. Exhausted T cells were nonetheless endowed with effector and tumor residency potential but exhibited loss of the costimulatory receptor CD28 in comparison with their circulating memory counterparts. Accordingly, PD-1 inhibition improved proliferation of circulating tumor–specific CD8+ T cells and reversed functional exhaustion of specific T cells at tumor sites. In agreement with their tumor specificity, high infiltration of tumors by exhausted cells was predictive of response to therapy and survival in ICB-treated patients with head and neck cancer. Our results showed that PD-1 blockade–mediated proliferation/reinvigoration of circulating memory T cells and local reversion of exhaustion occur concurrently to control tumors.

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Fichiers liés : Balanca_27607.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2020
• Auteurs : Amedeo AnselmiVincent GalandAndré VincentelliStéphane BouléCamille DambrinClément DelmasLaurent BarandonMathieu PernotMichel KindoHoang Minh TamPhilippe GaudardPhilippe RouvièreThomas SénageMagali MichelAude BoignardOlivier ChavanonConstance VerdonkMarylou ParaVlad GariboldiEdeline PelcéMatteo PozziJean-François ObadiaFrédéric AnselmePierre-Yves LitzlerGerard BabatasiAnnette BelinFabien GarnierMarie BielefeldJulien GuihaireMartin KloecknerCostin RaduNicolas LelloucheThierry BourguignonThibaud GenetNicolas D’ostrevyBenjamin DubandJérôme JouanMarie Cécile BoriesFabrice VanhuyseHugues BlangyFabrice ColasJean-Philippe VerhoyeRaphaël P. MartinsErwan Flécher
• Organismes : Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Institut Coeur Poumon [CHU Lille] Institut Coeur Poumon [CHU Lille] Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] Service de chirurgie thoracique et cardio-vasculaire Université de Montpellier Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Hôpital Michallon Clinique de chirurgie cardiaque AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris] AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris] Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL] Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL] Service de Cardiologie [CHU Rouen] Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen] Service de chirurgie cadiovasculaire et thoracique [Rouen] CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand Hypertension pulmonaire : physiopathologie et innovation thérapeutique Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 Hôpital Henri Mondor CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours CHU Clermont-Ferrand CHU Clermont-Ferrand Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Service de chirurgie thoracique cardiaque et vasculaire [Rennes] = Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery [Rennes] Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image
• Publié dans European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to provide a picture of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) activity in France between 2007 and 2016 based on the multicentric ASSIST-ICD registry.METHODS: We retrospectively collected 136 variables including in-hospital data, follow-up survival rates and adverse events from 671 LVAD recipients at 20 out of 24 LVAD implant centres in France. The average follow-up time was 1.2 years (standard deviation: 1.4); the total follow-up time was 807.5 patient-years.RESULTS: The included devices were the HeartMate II®, HeartWare LVAS® or Jarvik 2000®. The overall likelihood of being alive while on LVAD support or having a transplant (primary end point) at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years postimplantation was 65.2%, 59.7%, 55.9% and 47.7%, respectively, given a cumulative incidence of 29.2% of receiving a transplant at year 5. At implantation, 21.5% of patients were on extracorporeal life support. The overall rate of cardiogenic shock at implantation was 53%. The major complications were driveline infection (26.1%), pump pocket or cannula infection (12.6%), LVAD thrombosis (12.2%), ischaemic (12.8%) or haemorrhagic stroke (5.4%; all strokes 18.2%), non-cerebral haemorrhage (9.1%) and LVAD exchange (5.2%). The primary end point (survival) was stratified by age at surgery and by the type of device used, with inference from baseline profiles. The primary end point combined with an absence of complications (secondary end point) was also stratified by device type.CONCLUSIONS: The ASSIST-ICD registry provides a real-life picture of LVAD use in 20 of the 24 implant centres in France. Despite older average age and a higher proportion of patients chosen for destination therapy, survival rates improved compared to those in previous national registry results. This LVAD registry contrasts with other international registries because patients with implants have more severe disease, and the national policy for graft attribution is distinct. We recommend referring patients for LVAD earlier and suggest a discussion of the optimal timing of a transplant for bridged patients (more dismal results after the second year of support?).

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Fichiers liés : ANSELMI-2019-CURRENT RESULTS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2020
• Auteurs : Billy EdwardsQuentin ChangeatRobin BaeyensAngelos TsiarasAhmed Al-RefaieJake TaylorKai Hou YipMichelle Fabienne BiegerDoriann BlainAmélie GressierGloria GuilluyAdam Yassin JaziriFlavien KieferDarius Modirrousta-GalianMario MorvanLorenzo MugnaiWilliam PlurielMathilde PovedaNour SkafNiall WhitefordSam WrightTiziano ZingalesBenjamin CharnayPierre DrossartJérémy LeconteOlivia VenotIngo WaldmannJean-Philippe Beaulieu
• Organismes : Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven] Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris PLANETO - LATMOS Dipartimento di Fisica [Torino] INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino ECLIPSE 2020 Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo] Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza] ECLIPSE 2020 Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques Maison de la Simulation Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] Centre for Exoplanet Science Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] ECLIPSE 2020 Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics ECLIPSE 2020 Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London] Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris School of Physical Sciences [Hobart]
• Publié dans The Astronomical Journal le 22/10/2020

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Résumé : We analyze the transmission and emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b, observed with the G141 grism of the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). We reduce and fit the raw data for each observation using the open-source software Iraclis before performing a fully Bayesian retrieval using the publicly available analysis suite TauREx 3. Previous studies of the WFC3 transmission spectra of WASP-76 b found hints of titanium oxide (TiO) and vanadium oxide (VO) or non-gray clouds. Accounting for a fainter stellar companion to WASP-76, we reanalyze this data and show that removing the effects of this background star changes the slope of the spectrum, resulting in these visible absorbers no longer being detected, eliminating the need for a non-gray cloud model to adequately fit the data but maintaining the strong water feature previously seen. However, our analysis of the emission spectrum suggests the presence of TiO and an atmospheric thermal inversion, along with a significant amount of water. Given the brightness of the host star and the size of the atmospheric features, WASP-76 b is an excellent target for further characterization with HST, or with future facilities, to better understand the nature of its atmosphere, to confirm the presence of TiO and to search for other optical absorbers.

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Fichiers liés : Edwards_2020_AJ_160_8.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2020
• Auteurs : Devrim KilincAnaïs-Camille VreulxTiago MendesAmandine FlaigDiego Marques-CoelhoMaxime VerschooreFlorie DemiauttePhilippe AmouyelFanny EysertPierre DourlenJulien ChapuisMarcos CostaNicolas MalmancheFrédéric CheclerJean-Charles Lambert
• Organismes : Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167
• Publié dans Brain Communications le 08/02/2021

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Résumé : Abstract Recent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identified a number of genetic risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which they contribute to the pathological process. As synapse loss is observed at the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease, deciphering the impact of Alzheimer’s risk genes on synapse formation and maintenance is of great interest. In this article, we report a microfluidic co-culture device that physically isolates synapses from pre- and postsynaptic neurons and chronically exposes them to toxic amyloid β peptides secreted by model cell lines overexpressing wild-type or mutated (V717I) amyloid precursor protein. Co-culture with cells overexpressing mutated amyloid precursor protein exposed the synapses of primary hippocampal neurons to amyloid β1–42 molecules at nanomolar concentrations and induced a significant decrease in synaptic connectivity, as evidenced by distance-based assignment of postsynaptic puncta to presynaptic puncta. Treating the cells with antibodies that target different forms of amyloid β suggested that low molecular weight oligomers are the likely culprit. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that overexpression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta—an Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk factor involved in synaptic plasticity and shown to decrease in Alzheimer’s disease brains at gene expression and protein levels—selectively in postsynaptic neurons is protective against amyloid β1–42-induced synaptotoxicity. In summary, our lab-on-a-chip device provides a physiologically relevant model of Alzheimer’s disease-related synaptotoxicity, optimal for assessing the impact of risk genes in pre- and postsynaptic compartments.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/07/2020
• Auteurs : Cindy OrvainYea-Lih LinFrancette Jean-LouisHakim HociniBarbara HersantYamina BennasserNicolas OrtonneClaire HotzPierre WolkensteinMichele BoniottoPascaline TisserandCécile LefebvreJean-Daniel LelièvreMonsef BenkiranePhilippe PaseroYves LévySophie Hüe
• Organismes : Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France]
• Publié dans Journal of Clinical Investigation le 24/10/2020

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