Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Cristina TaddeiBin ZhouHonor BixbyRodrigo Carrillo-LarcoGoodarz DanaeiRod JacksonFarshad FarzadfarMarisa SophieaMariachiara Di CesareMaria Laura Caminia IurilliAndrea Rodriguez MartinezGolaleh AsghariKlodian DhanaPablo GulayinSujay KakarmathMarilina SanteroTrudy VoortmanLeanne RileyMelanie CowanStefan SavinJames BennettGretchen StevensChristopher PaciorekWichai AekplakornRenata CifkovaSimona GiampaoliAndre Pascal KengneYoung-Ho KhangKari KuulasmaaAvula LaxmaiahPaula MargozziniPrashant MathurBørge NordestgaardDong ZhaoMette AadahlLeandra Abarca-GómezHanan Abdul RahimNiveen Abu-RmeilehBenjamin Acosta-CazaresRobert AdamsImelda AgdeppaJavad Aghazadeh-AttariCarlos Aguilar-SalinasCharles AgyemangTarunveer AhluwaliaNoor Ani AhmadAli AhmadiNaser AhmadiSoheir AhmedWolfgang AhrensKamel AjlouniMonira AlaroujFadia AlbuhairanShahla AldhukairMohamed AliAbdullah AlkandariAla’a AlkerwiEman AlyDeepak AmarapurkarPhilippe AmouyelLars Bo AndersenSigmund AnderssenRanjit Mohan AnjanaAlireza Ansari-MoghaddamHajer Aounallah-SkhiriJoana AraújoInger AriansenTahir ArisRaphael ArkuNimmathota ArlappaKrishna AryalThor AspelundMaria Cecília F. AssunçãoJuha AuvinenMária AvdicováAna AzevedoFereidoun AziziMehrdad AzminNagalla BalakrishnaMohamed BamoshmooshMaciej BanachPiotr BandoszJosé BanegasCarlo BarbagalloAlberto BarcelóAmina BarkatIqbal BataAnwar BatiehaAssembekov BatyrbekLouise BaurRobert BeagleholeAntonisamy BelavendraHabiba Ben RomdhaneMikhail BenetMarianne BennSalim BerkinbayevAntonio Bernabe-OrtizGailute BernotieneHeloisa BettiolSantosh BhargavaYufang BiAsako BienekMukharram BikbovBihungum BistaPeter BjerregaardEspen BjertnessMarius BjertnessCecilia BjörkelundKatia BlochAnneke BlokstraSimona BoBernhard BoehmJose BoggiaCarlos BoissonnetMarialaura BonaccioVanina BongardRossana BorchiniHerman BorghsPascal BovetImperia BrajkovichJuergen BreckenkampHermann BrennerLizzy BrewsterGraziella BrunoAnna BuggeMarkus BuschAntonio Cabrera de LeónJoseph CacciottoloGünay CanAna Paula C. CândidoMario CapanzanaEduardo CapuanoVincenzo CapuanoViviane CardosoJoana CarvalhoFelipe CasanuevaLaura CensiCharalambos ChadjigeorgiouSnehalatha ChamukuttanNish ChaturvediChien-Jen ChenFangfang ChenShuohua ChenChing-Yu ChengBahman CheraghianAngela ChetritShu-Ti ChiouMaría-Dolores ChirlaqueBelong ChoYumi ChoJerzy ChudekFrank ClaessensJanine ClarkeEls ClaysHans ConcinSusana ConfortinCyrus CooperSimona CostanzoDominique CottelChris CowellAna CrujeirasSemánová CsillaLiufu CuiFelipe CureauGraziella D’arrigoEleonora D’orsiJean DallongevilleAlbertino DamascenoRachel DanknerThomas DantoftLuc DauchetKairat DavletovGuy de BackerDirk de BacquerGiovanni de GaetanoStefaan de HenauwPaula Duarte de OliveiraDavid de RidderDelphine de SmedtMohan DeepaAlexander DeevAbbas DehghanHélène DelisleElaine DennisonValérie DeschampsMeghnath DhimalAugusto Di CastelnuovoZivka DikaShirin DjalaliniaAnnette DobsonChiara DonfrancescoSilvana DonosoAngela DöringMaria DorobantuNico DraganoWojciech DrygasYong DuCharmaine DuanteRosemary DudaVilnis DzerveElzbieta Dziankowska-ZaborszczykRicky EddieEbrahim EftekharRobert EggertsenSareh EghtesadGabriele EibenUlf EkelundJalila El AtiDenise Eldemire-ShearerMarie EliasenRoberto ElosuaRajiv ErasmusRaimund ErbelCihangir EremLouise EriksenJohan ErikssonJorge Escobedo-de la PeñaSaeid EslamiAli EsmaeiliAlun EvansDavid FaehCaroline FallElnaz FaramarziMojtaba FarjamMohammad Reza FattahiFrancisco Felix-RedondoTrevor FergusonDaniel Fernández-BergésDaniel FerranteMarika FerrariCatterina FerreccioJean FerrieresBernhard FögerLeng Huat FooAnn-Sofie ForslundMaria ForsnerHeba FouadDamian FrancisMaria Do Carmo FrancoOscar FrancoGuillermo FronteraYuki FujitaMatsuda FumihikoTakuro FurusawaZbigniew GaciongFabio GalvanoJingli GaoManoli Garcia-De-La-HeraSarah GarnettJean-Michel GaspozMagda GasullAndrea GazzinelliJohanna GeleijnseAli GhanbariErfan GhasemiOana-Florentina Gheorghe-FroneaAnup GhimireFrancesco GianfagnaTiffany GillJonathan GiovannelliGlen GironellaAleksander GiwercmanDavid GoltzmanHelen GonçalvesDavid Gonzalez-ChicaMarcela Gonzalez-GrossJuan González-RivasClicerio González-VillalpandoMaría-Elena González-VillalpandoAngel GonzalezFrederic GottrandSidsel Graff-IversenDušan GrafnetterRonald GregorTomasz GrodzickiAnders GrøntvedGiuseppe GrossoGabriella GrudenDongfeng GuPilar Guallar-CastillónOng Peng GuanElias GudmundssonVilmundur GudnasonRamiro GuerreroIdris GuessousJohanna GunnlaugsdottirRajeev GuptaLaura GutierrezFelix GutzwillerSeongjun HaFarzad HadaeghRosa HaghshenasHamid HakimiIan HambletonBehrooz HamzehSari HantunenRachakulla Hari KumarSeyed Mohammad Hashemi-ShahriJun HataTeresa HaugsgjerdAlison HayesJiang HeYuna HeMarleen Elisabeth HendriksAna HenriquesSauli HerralaRamin HeshmatAllan HillSai Yin HoSuzanne HoMichael HobbsAlbert HofmanReza HomayounfarWilma HopmanAndrea HorimotoClaudia HormigaBernardo HortaLeila HoutiChristina HowittThein Thein HtayAung Soe HtetMaung Maung Than HtikeJosé María HuertaIlpo Tapani HuhtaniemiMartijn HuismanMonica HunsbergerAbdullatif HusseiniInge HuybrechtsNahla HwallaLicia IacovielloAnna IannoneMohsen IbrahimNorazizah Ibrahim WongIris IglesiaNayu IkedaM. Arfan IkramVioleta IotovaVilma IrazolaTakafumi IshidaMuhammad IslamAziz Al-Safi IsmailMasanori IwasakiJeremy JacobsHashem JaddouTazeen JafarKenneth JamesKonrad JamrozikImre JanszkyEdward JanusMarjo-Riitta JarvelinGrazyna JasienskaAna JelakovicBojan JelakovicGarry JenningsGorm JensenSeung-Lyeal JeongAnjani Kumar JhaChao Qiang JiangRamon JimenezKarl-Heinz JöckelMichel JoffresJari JokelainenJost JonasTorben JørgensenPradeep JoshiFarahnaz JoukarJacek JózwiakAnne JuoleviAnthony KafatosEero KajantieOfra Kalter-LeiboviciNor Azmi KamaruddinPia KamstrupKhem KarkiJoanne KatzJussi KauhanenPrabhdeep KaurMaryam KavousiGyulli KazakbaevaUlrich KeilSirkka Keinänen-KiukaanniemiRoya KelishadiMaryam KeramatiAlina KerimkulovaMathilde KerstingYousef Saleh KhaderDavood KhaliliMohammad KhateebMotahareh KheradmandAlireza KhosraviUrsula Kiechl-KohlendorferStefan KiechlJaphet KillewoHyeon Chang KimJeongseon KimYeon-Yong KimJurate KlumbieneMichael KnoflachStephanie KoHans-Peter KohlerIliana KohlerElin KollePatrick KolsterenJürgen KönigRaija KorpelainenPaul KorrovitsJelena KosSeppo KoskinenKatsuyasu KoudaSudhir KowlessurWolfgang KratzerSusi KriemlerPeter Lund KristensenSteiner KrokstadDaan KromhoutUrho KujalaPawel KurjataCatherine KyobutungiFatima Zahra LaamiriTiina LaatikainenCarl LachatYoucef LaidTai Hing LamChristina-Paulina LambrinouVera LanskaGeorg LappasBagher LarijaniTint Swe LattLars LaugsandMaria Lazo-PorrasJeannette LeeJeonghee LeeNils LehmannTerho LehtimäkiNaomi LevittYanping LiChrista LillyWei-Yen LimM. Fernanda Lima-CostaHsien-Ho LinXu LinYi-Ting LinLars LindAllan LinnebergLauren LissnerJing LiuHelle-Mai LoitEsther Lopez-GarciaTania LopezPaulo LotufoJosé Eugenio LozanoDalia LuksieneAnnamari LundqvistRobert LundqvistNuno LunetGuansheng MaGeorge Machado-CoelhoAristides Machado-RodriguesSuka MachiAhmed MadarStefania MaggiDianna MaglianoEmmanuella MagriplisGowri MahasampathBernard MaireMarcia MakdisseFatemeh MalekzadehReza MalekzadehKodavanti Mallikharjuna RaoYannis ManiosJim MannFariborz Mansour-GhanaeiEnzo ManzatoPedro Marques-VidalReynaldo MartorellLuis MascarenhasEllisiv MathiesenTandi MatshaChristina MavrogianniShelly McfarlaneStephen McgarveyStela MclachlanRachael McleanScott McleanBreige McnultySounnia Mediene-BenchekorParinaz MehdipourKirsten MehligAmir Houshang MehrparvarAline MeirhaegheChrista MeisingerAna Maria B. MenezesGeetha MenonShahin MeratAlibek MerekeIndrapal MeshramPatricia MetcalfHaakon MeyerJie MiNathalie MichelsJody MillerCláudia MindericoG. MiniJuan Francisco MiquelJ. Jaime MirandaMohammad Reza MirjaliliErkin MirrakhimovPietro ModestiSahar Saeedi MoghaddamBahram MohajerMostafa MohamedKazem MohammadZahra MohammadiNoushin MohammadifardReza MohammadpourhodkiViswanathan MohanSalim MohannaMuhammad Fadhli Mohd YusoffIraj MohebbiFarnam MohebiMarie MoitryLine MøllehaveNiels MøllerDénes MolnárAmirabbas MomenanCharles MondoEric Monterrubio-FloresMahmood MoosazadehAlain MorejonLuis MorenoKaren MorganSuzanne MorinGeorge MoschonisMalgorzata MossakowskaAya MostafaJorge MotaMohammad Esmaeel MotlaghJorge MottaKelias MsyambozaMaria MuiesanMartina Müller-NurasyidJaakko MursuNorlaila MustafaIraj NabipourShohreh NaderimaghamGabriele NagelBalkish NaiduFarid NajafiHarunobu NakamuraJana NámešnáEi Ei K. NangVinay NangiaMatthias NauckWilliam NealAzim NejatizadehIlona NenkoFlavio NerviNguyen NguyenQuang Ngoc NguyenRamfis Nieto-MartínezThomas NihalTeemu NiiranenGuang NingToshiharu NinomiyaMarianna NoaleOscar NoboaDavide NotoMohannad Al NsourIrfan NuhoğluTerence O’neillDermot O’reillyAngélica Ochoa-AvilésKyungwon OhRyutaro OhtsukaÖrn OlafssonValérie OliéIsabel OliveiraMohd Azahadi OmarAltan OnatSok King OngPedro OrdunezRui OrnelasPedro OrtizClive OsmondSergej OstojicAfshin OstovarJohanna OteroEllis Owusu-DaboFred Michel PaccaudElena PahomovaAndrzej PajakLuigi PalmieriWen-Harn PanSonghomitra Panda-JonasFrancesco PanzaWinsome ParnellNikhil PatelNasheeta PeerSergio Viana PeixotoMarkku PeltonenAlexandre PereiraAnnette PetersAstrid PetersmannJanina PetkevicieneNiloofar PeykariSon Thai PhamRafael PichardoIris PigeotAida PilavLorenza PilottoAleksandra PiwonskaAndreia PizarroPedro Plans-RubióSilvia PlataHermann PohlabelnMiquel PortaMarileen PortegiesAnil PoudyalFarhad PourfarziHossein PoustchiRajendra PradeepaJacqueline PriceRui ProvidenciaJardena PuderSoile PuhakkaMargus PunabMostafa QorbaniTran Quoc BaoRicardas RadisauskasSalar RahimikazerooniOlli RaitakariSudha Ramachandra RaoAmbady RamachandranElisabete RamosRafel RamosLekhraj RampalSanjay RampalJosep RedonPaul Ferdinand M. ReganitLuis RevillaAbbas RezaianzadehRobespierre RibeiroAdrian RichterFernando RigoTobias Rinke de WitFernando Rodríguez-ArtalejoMaría del Cristo Rodriguez-PerezLaura Rodríguez-VillamizarUlla RoggenbuckRosalba Rojas-MartinezDora RomagueraElisabetta RomeoAnnika RosengrenJoel RoyAdolfo RubinsteinJean-Bernard RuidavetsBlanca Sandra Ruiz-BetancourtPaola RussoPetra RustMarcin RutkowskiCharumathi SabanayagamHarshpal SachdevAlireza SadjadiAli Reza SafarpourSaeid SafiriOlfa SaidiNader SakiBenoit SalanaveDiego SalmerónVeikko SalomaaJukka SalonenMassimo SalvettiJose Sánchez-AbantoSusana SansAlba Santaliestra-PasíasDiana SantosMaria Paula SantosRute SantosJouko SaramiesLuis SardinhaNizal SarrafzadeganKai-Uwe SaumSavvas SavvaNorie SawadaMariana SbarainiMarcia ScazufcaBeatriz SchaanHerman SchargrodskyChrista Scheidt-NaveAnja SchienkiewitzSabine SchipfCarsten SchmidtBen SchöttkerSara SchrammSylvain SebertAye Aye SeinAbhijit SenSadaf SepanlouJennifer ServaisRamin ShakeriSvetlana ShalnovaTeresa Shamah-LevyMaryam SharafkhahSanjib SharmaJonathan ShawAmaneh ShayanradZumin ShiKenji ShibuyaHana Shimizu-FurusawaDong Wook ShinYouchan ShinMajid ShiraniRahman ShiriNamuna ShresthaKhairil Si-RamleeAlfonso SianiRosalynn SiantarAbla SibaiDiego Augusto Santos SilvaMary SimonJudith SimonsLeon SimonsMichael SjöströmTea SkaabyJolanta Slowikowska-HilczerPrzemyslaw SlusarczykLiam SmeethMarieke SnijderStefan SöderbergAgustinus SoemantriReecha SofatVincenzo SolfrizziMohammad Hossein SomiEmily SonestedtThorkild SørensenCharles Sossa JéromeAïcha SoumaréKaan SozmenKaren SparrenbergerJan StaessenMaria StathopoulouBill StavreskiJostein Steene-JohannessenPeter StehleAryeh SteinJochanan StessmanRanko StevanovićJutta StieberDoris StöcklJakub StokwiszewskiKarien StronksMaria Wany StrufaldiRamón Suárez-MedinaChien-An SunJohan SundströmPaibul SuriyawongpaisalRody SyRené Charles SylvaMoyses SzkloE. Shyong TaiAbdonas TamosiunasEng Joo TanMohammed Rasoul TarawnehCarolina Tarqui-MamaniAnne TaylorJulie TaylorGrethe TellTania TelloK. ThankappanLutgarde ThijsBetina ThuesenUlla ToftHanna TolonenJanne TolstrupMurat TopbasRoman Topór-MadryMaría José TormoMichael TornaritisMaties TorrentLaura Torres-ColladoPierre TraissacOanh TrinhJulia TruthmannShoichiro TsuganeMarshall Tulloch-ReidTomi-Pekka TuomainenJaakko TuomilehtoAnne Tybjaerg-HansenChristophe TzourioPeter UedaEunice UgelHanno UlmerBelgin UnalHannu UusitaloGonzalo ValdiviaDamaskini ValviRob van DamYvonne van der SchouwKoen van HerckHoang van MinhLenie van RossemNatasja van SchoorIrene van ValkengoedDirk VanderschuerenDiego VanuzzoAnette VarboPatricia Varona-PérezSenthil VasanLars VattenTomas VegaToomas VeidebaumGustavo Velasquez-MelendezSilvia Venero-FernándezGiovanni VeronesiW. VerschurenCesar VictoraDhanasari VidiawatiLucie VietSalvador VillalpandoJesus VioqueJyrki VirtanenSophie Visvikis-SiestBharathi ViswanathanTiina VlasoffPeter VollenweiderAri VoutilainenAlisha WadeAline WagnerJanette WaltonWan Mohamad Wan BebakarWan Nazaimoon Wan MohamudMing-Dong WangNingli WangQian WangYa Xing WangYing-Wei WangS. Goya WannametheeNiels WedderkoppWenbin WeiPeter WhincupKurt WidhalmIndah WidyaheningAndrzej WiecekAlet WijgaRainford WilksJohann WilleitPeter WilleitTom WilsgaardBogdan WojtyniakRoy Wong-McclureAndrew WongTien Yin WongJean WooMark WoodwardFrederick WuShouling WuHaiquan XuLiang XuWeili YanXiaoguang YangTabara YasuharuXingwang YeToh Peng YeowPanayiotis YiallourosMoein YoosefiAkihiro YoshiharaSan-Lin YouNovie Younger-ColemanAhmad Faudzi YusoffAhmad ZainuddinSeyed Rasoul ZakaviMohammad Reza ZaliFarhad ZamaniSabina ZambonAntonis ZampelasKo Ko ZawTomasz ZdrojewskiTajana Zeljkovic VrkicZhen-Yu ZhangWenhua ZhaoShiqi ZhenYingfeng ZhengBekbolat ZholdinBaurzhan ZhussupovNada ZoghlamiJulio Zuñiga CisnerosEdward GreggMajid Ezzati
• Organismes : Imperial College London Imperial College London Imperial College London Imperial College London Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health University of Auckland [Auckland] Tehran University of Medical Sciences Imperial College London Middlesex University Imperial College London Imperial College London Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] Rush University Medical Center [Chicago] Imperial College London Imperial College London Tehran University of Medical Sciences Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 University of Auckland [Auckland] Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 Imperial College London Tehran University of Medical Sciences Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Imperial College London Imperial College London Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Auckland [Auckland] Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] Imperial College London Imperial College London
• Publié dans Nature le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries . However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health . However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.

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• Type de publi. :
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Jean-Philippe LegoisJean-Louis Violeau
• Organismes : Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po (Sciences Po) Centre de recherche nantais Architectures Urbanités

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Résumé : Les auteurs s'interrogent sur les rapports qu'entretiennent mouvements étudiants et institution universitaire au fil du XXe siècle, en France et ailleurs dans le monde. La contestation voire la rupture font bel et bien partie intégrante de l'institution, cette « histoire faite chose » pour reprendre la définition de Pierre Bourdieu. Elles en font partie intégrante en tant que formes extrêmes et paradoxales, pourtant constituantes. À travers les mouvements étudiants, émergent des identités d'université et des identités étudiantes. Mais comment les qualifier au juste ?

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Pierre-Régis BurgelIsabelle DurieuRaphaël ChironLaurent MelyAnne PrevotatMarlene Murris-EspinMichele PorzioMichel AbelyPhilippe ReixChristophe MarguetJulie MaceyIsabelle Sermet-GaudelusHarriet CorvolStéphanie BuiTiphaine BiouheeDominique HubertAnne MunckLydie LemonnierClémence DehillotteJennifer Da SilvaJean-Louis PaillasseurClémence Martin
• Organismes : Institut Cochin Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] Hospices Civils de Lyon Health Service and Performance Research Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHU Montpellier] Université de Montpellier Hydrosciences Montpellier Hôpital Renée Sabran [CHU - HCL] Hôpital Albert Calmette Université de Lille Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Strasbourg] American Memorial Hospital (Hôpital des enfants) [Reims] Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 Hospices Civils de Lyon Groupe de Recherche sur les Antimicrobiens et les Micro-Organismes CHU Rouen Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP] Institut Necker Enfants-Malades Mucoviscidose: physiopathologie et phénogénomique [CRSA] CHU Trousseau [APHP] Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux CIC Bordeaux Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] Hôpital Robert Debré Association Vaincre la mucoviscidose Association Vaincre la mucoviscidose Institut Cochin Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP] EFFI-STAT Institut Cochin Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP]
• Publié dans Journal of Cystic Fibrosis le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Background: Phase 3 trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUMA-IVA) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1) between 40 and 90. Marketing authorizations have been granted for patients at all levels of ppFEV1. Methods: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of LUMA-IVA over the first year of treatment in patients with ppFEV1<40 or ppFEV1≥90 in comparison with those with ppFEV1 [40-90[. Analysis of data collected during a real world study, which included all patients aged ≥12 years who started LUMA-IVA in 2016 across all 47 French CF centers. Results: 827 patients were classified into 3 subgroups according to ppFEV1 at treatment initiation (ppFEV1<40, n = 121; ppFEV1 [40-90[, n = 609; ppFEV1≥90, n = 97). Treatment discontinuation rate was higher in ppFEV1<40 patients (28.9%) than in those with ppFEV1 [40-90[(16.4%) or ppFEV1≥90 (17.5%). In patients with uninterrupted treatment, significant increase in ppFEV1 occurred in the ppFEV1 [40-90[subgroup (+2.9%, P<0.001), and in those ppFEV1<40 (+0.5%, P = 0.03) but not in those with ppFEV1≥90 (P = 0.46). Compared with the year prior to initiation, the number of days of intravenous antibiotics were reduced in all subgroups, although 72% of patients with ppFEV1<40 still experienced at least one exacerbation/year under LUMA-IVA. Comparable increase in body mass index was seen in the three subgroups. Conclusion: Phe508del homozygous CF patients benefit from LUMA-IVA at all levels of baseline lung function, but the characteristics and magnitude of the response vary depending on ppFEV1 at baseline.

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Fichiers liés : S1569199320307529.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Philippe ParolaHussein AnaniCarole EldinGregory DubourgJean-Christophe LagierAnthony LevasseurJean-Paul CasaltaDidier RaoultPierre-Edouard Fournier
• Organismes : Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes
• Publié dans American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : The origin of a cholera outbreak may be unclear, as recently in Algeria. In two patients from North Africa, Vibrio cholerae was isolated in the context of hepatobiliary tract infections without any known outbreak. Gallbladder and asymptomatic long-term carriers might play a role in the emergence of cholera.

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Fichiers liés : [14761645 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene] Case Report_ Vibrio cholerae Biliary Tract Infections in Two North Africans in France.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Kittima WaithaisongAgnès RobinLouis MareschalJean-Pierre BouilletJean-Paul LaclauPhilippe DeleporteJosé Leonardo Moraes GonçalvesJean-Michel HarmandClaude Plassard
• Organismes : Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles (Dispositif en Partenariat) Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles (Dispositif en Partenariat) Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes
• Publié dans Science of the Total Environment le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : Many studies have shown that introducing N2-fixing trees (e.g. Acacia mangium) in eucalypt plantations can increase soil N availability as a result of biological N2 fixation and faster N cycling. Some studies have also shown improved eucalypt P nutrition. However, the effects of N2-fixing trees on P cycling in tropical soils remain poorly understood and site-dependent. Our study aimed to assess the effects of planting A. mangium trees in areas managed over several decades with eucalypt plantations on soil organic P (Po) forms and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs). Soil samples were collected from two tropical sites, one in Brazil and one in the Congo. Five different treatments were sampled at each site: monospecific acacia, monospecific eucalypt, below acacias in mixed-species, below eucalypts in mixed-species as well as native vegetation. Po forms and LMWOAs were identified in sodium hydroxide soil extracts using ion chromatography and relationships between these data and available P were determined. At both sites, the concentrations of most Po forms and LMWOAs were different between native ecosystems and monospecific eucalypt and acacia plots. Also, patterns of Po and LMWOAs were clearly separated, with glucose-6-P found mainly under acacia and phytate and oxalate mainly under eucalypt. Despite the strongest changes occurred at site with a higher N2 fixation and root development, acacia introduction was able to change the profile of organic P and LMWOAs in <10 years. The variations between available Pi, Po and LMWOA forms showed that P cycling was dominated by different processes at each site, that are rather physicochemical (via Pi desorption after LMWOAs release) at Itatinga and biological (via organic P mineralization) at Kissoko. Specific patterns of Po and LMWOAs forms found in soil sampled under acacia or eucalypt would therefore explain the effect of acacia introduction in both sites.

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Fichiers liés : S0048969720340572.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Stéphane KremerSalem HannounFabrice BonnevilleFrançoise Durand-DubiefThomas TourdiasChristian BarillotCharles GuttmannSandra VukusicVincent DoussetFrançois CottonR. AmeliRené AnxionnatBertrand AudoinArnaud AttyeElise BannierDouraied Ben SalemMarie-Paule Boncoeur-MartelGildas BonhommeClaire BoutetJean-Christophe BrissetFrédéric CervenanskyBéatrice ClaiseOlivier CommowickJean-Marc ConstansPascal DardelHubert DesalJean-Christophe FerréAlina GaultierE. GerardinT. GlattardSylvie GrandThomas GrenierRémy GuillevinA. KrainikS. LionNicolas Menjot de ChampfleurLydiane MondotOlivier OutteryckNadya PyatigorskayaJean-Pierre PruvoSylvain RabasteJean‐philippe RanjevaJean-Amédée RochJean-Claude SadikDominic Sappey-MarinierJulien SavatovskyJean-Yves TanguyAyman TourbahBruno BrochetRomain CaseyJérôme de SèzePascal DouekF. GuilleminDavid-Axel LaplaudChristine Lebrun-FrénayLucilla MansuyThibault MoreauJavier OlaizJean PelletierClaire Rigaud-BullyBruno StankoffMarc DebouverieGilles EdanJonathan CironCatherine LubetzkiPatrick VermerschPierre M LabaugeGilles DeferEric BergerPierre ClavelouO. GoutEric ThouvenotOlivier HeinzlefAbdullatif Al-KhedrBertrand BourreOlivier CasezPhilippe CabreAlexis MontcuquetAlain CréangeJean-Philippe CamdessanchéSerge BakchineAude MauroussetIvania PatryThomas de BrouckerCorinne PottierJean-Philippe NeauCéline LabeyrieChantal Nifle
• Organismes : Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg] Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center [Beyrouth, Liban] Service Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique [CHU Toulouse] Toulouse NeuroImaging Center Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL] Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications Center for Neurological Imaging Center for Neurological Imaging Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL] Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Observatoire Français de la Sclérose En Plaques [Lyon] Service de neuroradiologie [Lyon] Département de neuroradiologie diagnostique et thérapeutique [CHRU Nancy] Neurologie, maladies neuro-musculaires [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] Service de neuroradiologie [Grenoble] Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Medicale Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale [CHU Limoges] Auteur indépendant Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] Observatoire Français de la Sclérose En Plaques [Lyon] Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé CHU Clermont-Ferrand Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications CHU Amiens-Picardie Auteur indépendant Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Hôpital des Charpennes [CHU - HCL] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Hôpital des Charpennes [CHU - HCL] Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers = Poitiers University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] CHU Montpellier = Montpellier University Hospital Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille] CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille] Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] Aix Marseille Université Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris] Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Auteur indépendant Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP] CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux] CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux] Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques Union pour la lutte contre la sclérose en plaques Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] Hospices Civils de Lyon Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP] Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille] Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier] CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand] Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris] Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye - CHIPS [Poissy] CHU Amiens-Picardie Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble] Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique] Hôpital Dupuytren [CHU Limoges] Hôpital Henri Mondor Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré [Reims] Hôpital Bretonneau Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien Hôpital Delafontaine Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise] Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers = Poitiers University Hospital Hôpital Bicêtre [AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre] Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot
• Publié dans Journal de Neuroradiologie / Journal of Neuroradiology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Purpose: New multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), which exert beneficial effects through prevention of relapse, limitation of disability progression, and improvement of patients' quality of life, have recently emerged. Nonetheless, these DMTs are not without associated complications (severe adverse events like. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy). Patient follow-up requires regular clinical evaluations and close monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Detection of new T2 lesions and potential brain atrophy measurements contribute to the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Current MRI protocols for MS recommend the acquisition of an annual gadolinium (Gd) enhanced MRI, resulting in administration of high volume of contrast agents over time and Gd accumulation in the brain. Methods: A consensus report was established by neuroradiologists and neurologists from the French Observatory of MS, which aimed at reducing the number of Gd injections required during MS patient follow-up. Recommendations: The French Observatory of MS recommends the use of macrocyclic Gd enhancement at time of diagnosis, when a new DMT is introduced, at 6-month re-baseline, and when previous scans are unavailable for comparison. Gd administration can be performed as an option in case of relapse or suspicion of intercurrent disease such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Other follow-up MRIs do not require contrast enhancement, provided current and previous MRI acquisitions follow the same standardized protocol including 3D FLAIR sequences.

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Fichiers liés : S015098612030095X.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Gilles KayemFlorence BretelleThomas SchmitzVivien AlessandriniElie AzriaJulie BlancCaroline BohecMarie BornesPierre-François CeccaldiYasmine ChaletCéline ChauleurAnne-Gael CordierPhilippe DeruelleRaoul DesbriereMuriel DoretMichel DreyfusMarine DriessenMarion FermautDenis GallotCharles GarabedianCyril HuissoudEdouard E. LecarpentierDominique LutonOlivier MorelFranck PerrotinOlivier PiconePatrick RozenbergLoïc SentilhesJeremy SroussiChristophe VayssiereEric VerspyckAlexandre J VivantiNorbert Winer
• Organismes : CHU Trousseau [APHP] Microbes Evolution Phylogénie et Infections Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Marseille] Maternité Port-Royal [CHU Cochin] Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph [Paris] Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Tenon [AP-HP] Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille] Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Pôle Parents Enfants,Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Hospices Civils de Lyon Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction [CHU Caen] Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants Université Paris 13 Pôle Entrepreneuriat et Innovation - Rouen Business School Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique & Développement Risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse [Vélizy-Villacoublay] Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [Bicêtre] Service de gynécologie-obstétrique Service Obstétrique [CHU Toulouse] Equipe SPHERE (CERPOP) Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [CHU Rouen] Thérapie génique, Génomique et Epigénomique Hôpital Mère Enfant CHU Nantes Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles
• Publié dans Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction le 25/10/2020

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Résumé : Objective To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Methods We collected a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 in a research network of 33 French maternity units between March 1 and April 14, 2020. All cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive result on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a nasal sample and/or diagnosed by a computed tomography chest scan were included and analyzed. The primary outcome measures were COVID-19 requiring oxygen (oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) and critical COVID-19 (requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). Demographic data, baseline comorbidities, and pregnancy outcomes were also collected. Results Active cases of COVID-19 increased exponentially during March 1–31, 2020; the numbers fell during April 1–14, after lockdown was imposed on March 17. The shape of the curve of active critical COVID-19 mirrored that of all active cases. By April 14, among the 617 pregnant women with COVID-19, 93 women (15.1 %; 95 %CI 12.3–18.1) had required oxygen therapy and 35 others (5.7 %; 95 %CI 4.0–7.8) had had a critical form of COVID-19. The severity of the disease was associated with age older than 35 years and obesity, as well as preexisting diabetes, previous preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. One woman with critical COVID-19 died (0.2 %; 95 %CI 0−0.9). Among the women who gave birth, rates of preterm birth in women with non-severe, oxygen-requiring, and critical COVID-19 were 13/123 (10.6 %), 14/29 (48.3 %), and 23/29 (79.3 %) before 37 weeks and 3/123 (2.4 %), 4/29 (13.8 %), and 14/29 (48.3 %) before 32 weeks, respectively. One neonate (0.5 %; 95 %CI 0.01–2.9) in the critical group died from prematurity. Conclusion COVID-19 can be responsible for significant rates of severe acute, potentially deadly, respiratory distress syndromes. The most vulnerable pregnant women, those with comorbidities, may benefit particularly from prevention measures such as a lockdown.

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Fichiers liés : S2468784720301707.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Alexis DemasJean-Philippe CochinClémence HardyYvan VaschaldeBertrand BourrePierre M Labauge
• Organismes : Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier]
• Publié dans Neurology and Therapy le 11/08/2020

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Résumé : Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, causing neurological disability in young adults. A growing understanding of its immunopathogenesis has led to an expanding array of therapies. Notable new advances in disease-modifying therapies for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis that are based on anti-inflammatory activity have recently been developed. Management of progressive MS is still challenging. Data published in 2014 suggested that daily high doses of biotin, a vitamin involved in myelin synthesis, might have a beneficial impact on disability and progression in progressive MS. However, some patients worsened while on biotin without any clear explanation for this effect. We report the case of a 41-year-old patient suffering from primary progressive (PP) MS who presented after 16 months of treatment with high doses of biotin (QIZENDAY) with worsening of his Expanding Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and the appearance of a symptomatic new T2 pseudo-tumoural lesion on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), suggestive of tardive inflammatory reactivation possibly due to the biotin. The newer and more effective therapies for MS are, however, associated with risks that necessitate an active management strategy and continuous vigilance. Physicians should be aware of iatrogenic neurological complications and the possible paradoxical effects of biotin. Future treatment approaches to progressive MS must include identification of a biomarker of disease activity. The study of neurofilaments in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the serum could be of interest when determining the optimal treatment strategy.

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Fichiers liés : 40120_2019_Article_175.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Philippe AghionYann AlganAgnès Bénassy-QuéréAntoine BozioAndré CartapanisJean-Marie ChevalierHippolyte d'AlbisEsther DufloEmmanuel FarhiXavier GabaixPierre-Olivier GourinchasPierre-Cyrille HautcoeurElyes JouiniCamille LandaisAugustin LandierJean-Hervé LorenziDavid MartimortPhilippe MartinIsabelle MejeanThomas PikettyThomas PhilipponEmmanuel SaezStefanie StantchevaDavid ThesmarEtienne WasmerGabriel Zucman
• Organismes : Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Collège de France - Chaire Economie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance Département d'économie (Sciences Po) Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques Département d'économie (Sciences Po) Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique École polytechnique Paris School of Economics Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques New York University [Abu Dhabi]

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Résumé : Chaque auteur exprime dans cet ouvrage son parcours, sa vision de la société et les actions qu’il propose d’entreprendre pour agir face aux dérèglements auxquels le monde doit faire face.Les lauréats du Prix du meilleur jeune économiste livrent dans cet ouvrage leur perception, leur compréhension, leurs analyses et leurs propositions de ce que pourrait ou devrait être l’avenir du monde. Ils répondent aux questions fondamentales que se posent aujourd’hui les économistes et les principaux dirigeants. Les inégalités qui se creusent depuis la fin du siècle dernier sont-elles encore tolérables ? L’État social a-t-il encore un avenir ? La mondialisation est-elle vraiment la cause de tous les maux ? L’Europe reste-t-elle un espace économique pertinent ? La science économique s’ouvre-t-elle enfin aux autres disciplines ? Chaque auteur exprime dans cet ouvrage son parcours, sa vision de la société et les actions qu’il propose d’entreprendre pour agir face aux dérèglements auxquels le monde doit faire face. Créé en 2000 par le Cercle des économistes et le journal Le Monde, le Prix du meilleur jeune économiste est décerné chaque année à un économiste de moins de 40 ans, sélectionné en raison de la reconnaissance de son expertise et de sa participation active au débat public et économique.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/06/2020
• Auteurs : Anthony SurlerauxRomain LepertJean-Philippe PernotPierre KerfridenSamuel Bigot
• Organismes : Cardiff School of Engineering Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Physiques et Numériques Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) Cardiff School of Engineering Cardiff School of Engineering
• Publié dans Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : This paper focuses on efficient computational optimization algorithms for the generation of micro electro discharge machining (µEDM) tool shapes. In a previous paper, the authors presented a reliable reverse modeling approach to perform such tasks based on a crater-by-crater simulation model and an outer optimization loop. Two-dimensional results were obtained but 3D tool shapes proved difficult to generate due to the high numerical cost of the simulation strategy. In this paper, a new reduced modeling optimization framework is proposed, whereby the computational optimizer is replaced by an inexpensive surrogate that is trained by examples. More precisely, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained using a small number of full reverse simulations and subsequently used to directly generate optimal tool shapes, given the geometry of the desired workpiece cavity. In order to train the ANN efficiently, a method of data augmentation is developed, whereby multiple features from fully simulated EDM cavities are used as separate instances. The performances of two ANN are evaluated, one trained without modification of process parameters (gap size and crater shape) and the second trained with a range of process parameter instances. It is shown that in both cases, the ANN can produce unseen tool shape geometries with less than 6% deviation compared to the full computational optimization process and at virtually no cost. Our results demonstrate that optimized tool shapes can be generated almost instantaneously, opening the door to the rapid virtual design and manufacturability assessment of µEDM die-sinking operations.

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Fichiers liés : LISPEN_JCSIE_2020_PERNOT.pdf.pdf

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