Thomas BOUCHER

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Marie BouillonSarah SafieddineJuliette Hadji-LazaroSimon WhitburnLieven ClarisseMarie Doutriaux-BoucherDorothée CoppensThomas AugustElsa JacquetteCathy Clerbaux
• Organismes : TROPO - LATMOS TROPO - LATMOS TROPO - LATMOS Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] TROPO - LATMOS Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing
• Publié dans Remote Sensing le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometers (IASIs) are three instruments flying on board the Metop satellites, launched in 2006 (IASI-A), 2012 (IASI-B), and 2018 (IASI-C). They measure infrared radiance from the Earth and atmosphere system, from which the atmospheric composition and temperature can be retrieved using dedicated algorithms, forming the Level 2 (L2) product. The operational near real-time processing of IASI data is conducted by the EUropean organisation for the exploitation of METeorological SATellites (EUMETSAT). It has improved over time, but due to IASI's large data flow, the whole dataset has not yet been reprocessed backwards. A necessary step that must be completed before initiating this reprocessing is to uniformize the IASI radiance record (Level 1C), which has also changed with time due to various instrumental and software modifications. In 2019, EUMETSAT released a reprocessed IASI-A 2007-2017 radiance dataset that is consistent with both the L1C product generated after 2017 and with IASI-B. First, this study aimed to assess the changes in radiance associated with this update by comparing the operational and reprocessed datasets. The differences in the brightness temperature ranged from 0.02 K at 700 cm-1 to 0.1 K at 2200 cm-1. Additionally, two major updates in 2010 and 2013 were seen to have the largest impact. Then, we investigated the effects on the retrieved temperatures due to successive upgrades to the Level 2 processing chain. We compared IASI L2 with ERA5 reanalysis temperatures. We found differences of ~5-10 K at the surface and between 1 and 5 K in the atmosphere. These differences decreased abruptly after the release of the IASI L2 processor version 6 in 2014. These results suggest that it is not recommended to use the IASI inhomogeneous temperature products for trend analysis, both for temperature and trace gas trends.

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Fichiers liés : remotesensing-12-02393.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Vivek AroraAnna KatavoutaRichard WilliamsChris D JonesVictor BrovkinPierre FriedlingsteinJörg SchwingerLaurent BoppOlivier BoucherPatricia CaduleMatthew ChamberlainJames ChristianChristine DelireRosie FisherTomohiro HajimaTatiana V. IlyinaEmilie JoetzjerMichio KawamiyaCharles D KovenJohn KrastingRachel LawDavid M LawrenceAndrew LentonKeith LindsayJulia PongratzThomas RaddatzRoland SéférianKaoru TachiiriJerry TjiputraAndrew J WiltshireTongwen WuTilo Ziehn
• Organismes : Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
• Publié dans Biogeosciences le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Abstract. Results from the fully and biogeochemically coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1 % yr−1 (1pctCO2) from its preindustrial value are analyzed to quantify the magnitude of carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedback parameters which measure the response of ocean and terrestrial carbon pools to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the resulting change in global climate, respectively. The results are based on 11 comprehensive Earth system models from the most recent (sixth) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and compared with eight models from the fifth CMIP (CMIP5). The strength of the carbon–concentration feedback is of comparable magnitudes over land (mean ± standard deviation = 0.97 ± 0.40 PgC ppm−1) and ocean (0.79 ± 0.07 PgC ppm−1), while the carbon–climate feedback over land (−45.1 ± 50.6 PgC ∘C−1) is about 3 times larger than over ocean (−17.2 ± 5.0 PgC ∘C−1). The strength of both feedbacks is an order of magnitude more uncertain over land than over ocean as has been seen in existing studies. These values and their spread from 11 CMIP6 models have not changed significantly compared to CMIP5 models. The absolute values of feedback parameters are lower for land with models that include a representation of nitrogen cycle. The transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) from the 11 CMIP6 models considered here is 1.77 ± 0.37 ∘C EgC−1 and is similar to that found in CMIP5 models (1.63 ± 0.48 ∘C EgC−1) but with somewhat reduced model spread. The expressions for feedback parameters based on the fully and biogeochemically coupled configurations of the 1pctCO2 simulation are simplified when the small temperature change in the biogeochemically coupled simulation is ignored. Decomposition of the terms of these simplified expressions for the feedback parameters is used to gain insight into the reasons for differing responses among ocean and land carbon cycle models.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Jc Benitez MontanezMe BoucherEric DansinM KerjouanJ MazieresEric PichonFrançois ThillaysPierre-Emmanuel FalcozB RochYoussef OulkhouirF CalcagnoLuc ThibervilleC Clement-DucheneF MorinP MissyPascal-Alexandre ThomasJean-Michel MauryT MolinaNicolas GirardBenjamin Besse
• Organismes : Institut Gustave Roussy Institut Gustave Roussy Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Hôpital Bretonneau Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Strasbourg] CHU Montpellier = Montpellier University Hospital CHU Caen Normandie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen] Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin [Nancy] Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique [Paris] Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique [Paris] Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Institut Curie [Paris] Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ITX - unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax Institut Curie [Paris] Institut Gustave Roussy
• Publié dans Annals of Oncology le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : BackgroundThere have been wide variations in the reported prevalence (up to 30%) of autoimmune disorders (AID) in TET patients (pts) in small single-center series. RYTHMIC (Réseau tumeurs THYMiques et Cancer) is a French network mandated to systematically discuss every case of TET. A histopathology central review of the samples is performed within a National Histopathological Tumor Board (NHTB). We aimed to assess the prevalence of AID in a large cohort after pathological central review.MethodsRYTHMIC database, hosted by IFCT (French Intergroup of Thoracic Cancerology), prospectively includes all consecutive pts with a diagnosis of TET discussed in French national or regional tumor boards. A expert pathological panel reviews all cases discussed during NHTBs. We analyzed epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of pts.ResultsFrom January 2012 to December 2019, 2909 pts were included in the database. The median age at diagnosis of TET was 60 (range of 14-87), 53.6% were male. About 24% of the pts tumor samples (n=701) were centrally reviewed. In this subgroup of patients, the % of AID was overall similar to the whole cohort, 139/701 (19.8%). Three pts (2%) had more than 1 AID. Among the events, 96 were myasthenia gravis (MG) (69%), 9 Good’s syndrome (6.7%), 5 pure red cell aplasia (3.5%), 7 thyroiditis (5%) and 8 lupus (5.7%). Among pts presenting AID in the cohort (n=701), B2 was the most common subtype before and AB after central review, respectively. Before and after central review, the prevalence of different subtypes is shown in the table.ConclusionsAround 1 out of 5 TET patients present an AID. The highest prevalence of AID after pathological central review was in B3 then B2 and B1 subtypes. Immunotherapy should be restricted to thymic carcinoma where the rate of AID is the lowest (3.3%).

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Sarah SafieddineAna Claudia ParrachoMaya GeorgeFilipe AiresVictor PelletLieven ClarisseSimon WhitburnOlivier LezeauxJean-Noël ThépautHans HersbachGabor RadnotiFrank GoettscheMaria MartinMarie Doutriaux-BoucherDorothée CoppensThomas AugustDaniel K. ZhouCathy Clerbaux
• Organismes : TROPO - LATMOS TROPO - LATMOS TROPO - LATMOS Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing SPASCIA Space Science & Algorithmics European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] TROPO - LATMOS Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing
• Publié dans Remote Sensing le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Surface skin temperature (Tskin) derived from infrared remote sensors mounted on board satellites provides a continuous observation of Earth’s surface and allows the monitoring of global temperature change relevant to climate trends. In this study, we present a fast retrieval method for retrieving Tskin based on an artificial neural network (ANN) from a set of spectral channels selected from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) using the information theory/entropy reduction technique. Our IASI Tskin product (i.e., TANN) is evaluated against Tskin from EUMETSAT Level 2 product, ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5), SEVIRI observations, and ground in situ measurements. Good correlations between IASI TANN and the Tskin from other datasets are shown by their statistic data, such as a mean bias and standard deviation (i.e., [bias, STDE]) of [0.55, 1.86 °C], [0.19, 2.10 °C], [−1.5, 3.56 °C], from EUMETSAT IASI L-2 product, ERA5, and SEVIRI. When compared to ground station data, we found that all datasets did not achieve the needed accuracy at several months of the year, and better results were achieved at nighttime. Therefore, comparison with ground-based measurements should be done with care to achieve the ±2 °C accuracy needed, by choosing, for example, a validation site near the station location. On average, this accuracy is achieved, in particular at night, leading to the ability to construct a robust Tskin dataset suitable for Tskin long-term spatio-temporal variability and trend analysis.

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Fichiers liés : remotesensing-12-02777-v2.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Jean-Marie LaruazJulien AngladeQuentin BorderieThomas BoucherLaureline CinçonPerrine CoutinFrancesca Di NapoliMatthieu GaultierAmélie HenricotChristophe LebrunDorothée LussonLaure-Anne Millet-RichardBoris RobinGrégory SilbersteinMurielle Troubady
• Organismes : Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon Société française de numismatique

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Yunjiang ZhangAna BastosFabienne MaignanDaniel S GollOliviér BoucherLaurent LiAlessandro CescattiN. VuichardXiuzhi ChenChristof AmmannMuhammad Altaf ArainThomas Andrew BlackBogdan H. ChojnickiTomomichi KatoIvan MammarellaLeonardo MontagnaniOlivier RoupsardMaria José SanzLukas SiebickeMarek UrbaniakFrancesco Primo VaccariGeorg WohlfahrtWilliam L. WoodgatePhilippe Ciais
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Contrôles des cycles biogéochimiques terrestres Universität Augsburg [Deutschland] = University of Augsburg [Germany] = Université d'Augsbourg [Allemagne] Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales Sun Yat-sen University [Guangzhou] Agroscope McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario] University of British Columbia [Canada] Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan] Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne] Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science Georg-August-University of Göttingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Australia] The University of Queensland Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ICOS-ATC
• Publié dans Geoscientific Model Development le 21/10/2020

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Résumé : Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuse light have important impacts on the global land carbon cycle, as they alter light distribution and photosynthesis in vegetation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly represented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here, we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy light transmission module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surface model (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, ORCHIDEE- DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light and its effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multilayer canopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using flux observations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe. Our results show that, compared with the original model, ORCHIDEE-DF improves the GPP simulation under sunny conditions and captures the observed higher photosynthesis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types (PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP under cloudy conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainly driven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in the afternoon as well as by a decreased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The observations show that the strongest positive effects of diffuse light on photosynthesis are found in the range from 5 to 20 °C and at a VPD< 1 kPa. This effect is found to decrease when the VPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of the abovementioned range, which is likely due to the increasing stomatal resistance to leaf CO2 uptake. ORCHIDEE-DF underestimates the diffuse light effect at low temperature in all PFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature and at a high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model has the potential to better investigate the impact of large-scale aerosol changes and long-term changes in cloudiness on the terrestrial carbon budget, both in the historical period and in the context of future air quality policies and/or climate engineering.

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Fichiers liés : gmd-13-5401-2020.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2020
• Auteurs : Vivek AroraAnna KatavoutaRichard WilliamsChris D JonesVictor BrovkinPierre FriedlingsteinJörg SchwingerLaurent BoppOlivier BoucherPatricia CaduleMatthew ChamberlainJames ChristianChristine DelireRosie A. FisherTomohiro HajimaTatiana V. IlyinaEmilie JoetzjerMichio KawamiyaCharles D KovenJohn KrastingRachel LawDavid M LawrenceAndrew LentonKeith LindsayJulia PongratzThomas RaddatzRoland SéférianKaoru TachiiriJerry TjiputraAndrew J WiltshireTongwen WuTilo Ziehn
• Organismes : Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace Centre national de recherches météorologiques Climat, Environnement, Couplages et Incertitudes [Toulouse] National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] Centre national de recherches météorologiques
• Publié dans Biogeosciences le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Results from the fully and biogeochemically coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1 % yr−1 (1pctCO2) from its preindustrial value are analyzed to quantify the magnitude of carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedback parameters which measure the response of ocean and terrestrial carbon pools to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the resulting change in global climate, respectively. The results are based on 11 comprehensive Earth system models from the most recent (sixth) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and compared with eight models from the fifth CMIP (CMIP5). The strength of the carbon–concentration feedback is of comparable magnitudes over land (mean ± standard deviation = 0.97 ± 0.40 PgC ppm−1) and ocean (0.79 ± 0.07 PgC ppm−1), while the carbon–climate feedback over land (−45.1 ± 50.6 PgC ∘C−1) is about 3 times larger than over ocean (−17.2 ± 5.0 PgC ∘C−1). The strength of both feedbacks is an order of magnitude more uncertain over land than over ocean as has been seen in existing studies. These values and their spread from 11 CMIP6 models have not changed significantly compared to CMIP5 models. The absolute values of feedback parameters are lower for land with models that include a representation of nitrogen cycle. The transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) from the 11 CMIP6 models considered here is 1.77 ± 0.37 ∘C EgC−1 and is similar to that found in CMIP5 models (1.63 ± 0.48 ∘C EgC−1) but with somewhat reduced model spread. The expressions for feedback parameters based on the fully and biogeochemically coupled configurations of the 1pctCO2 simulation are simplified when the small temperature change in the biogeochemically coupled simulation is ignored. Decomposition of the terms of these simplified expressions for the feedback parameters is used to gain insight into the reasons for differing responses among ocean and land carbon cycle models.

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Fichiers liés : bg-17-4173-2020.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/12/2019
• Auteurs : Jana SillmannCamilla StjernGunnar MyhreBjørn SamsetOivind HodnebrogTimothy J. AndrewsOlivier BoucherGregory FaluvegiPiers ForsterMatthew KasoarViatcheslav KharinAlf KirkevågJean-Francois LamarqueDirk OliviéThomas RichardsonDrew ShindellToshihiko TakemuraApostolos VoulgarakisFrancis Zwiers
• Organismes : Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] Department of Psychology [York, UK] Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace University of Leeds Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory Duke University [Durham] Kyushu University Department of Physics [Imperial College London] Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium
• Publié dans npj climate and atmospheric science le 21/06/2019

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Fichiers liés : s41612-019-0079-3.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 09/10/2019
• Auteurs : Thomas BoucherFabrice CouvinThomas LepaonVéronique Brunet-GastonPhilippe GardèreC GastonMagalie Guérit
• Organismes : Ecomusée du Véron Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés [Tours] Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives Archéologie et Archéométrie

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Résumé : Les bains antiques de Cinais (Indre-et-Loire) ont été mis au jour à l’occasion des travaux de terrassement d’un bassin d’assainissement de 450 m2. La présence en abondance d’éléments architecturaux et de mobilier a permis de stopper temporairement les travaux et de mettre en place une fouille exécutée par l’État dont la réalisation a été confiée à l’Inrap. Cette intervention a mis en évidence un ensemble thermal fréquenté du IIe au IVe s. ap. J.-C. Les deux premiers états des IIe-IIIe s. connaissent peu de modifications et montrent un bâtiment s’ouvrant sur une palestre et disposant d’une salle tiède au sud. L’hypocauste repose sur des pilettes et le programme de bain met en œuvre un circuit en ligne de type rétrograde. Au nord-ouest, on note la conservation très partielle d’un second ensemble thermal non daté. À la fin du IIIe s., un bassin d’immersion collectif est ajouté au premier ensemble avant qu’une large partie des salles et de la palestre soit touchée par un incendie. Les réfections et extensions datées précisément du tout début du IVe s. sont associées à l’abandon du système d’hypocauste sur pilettes au profit de canaux, mais le changement le plus important est la mise en place d’un parcours circulaire dextrogyre, un type relativement rare dans les provinces romaines. À cette date, les installations de bains atteignent une superficie de 95 m2. Les objets en relation avec le transport et le commerce sont largement illustrés : on relève la présence de pièces de harnachement, de poids de pesée, mais surtout de nombreuses monnaies. Ces éléments et la situation topographique du site laissent supposer que ces bains sont associés à une petite agglomération secondaire, en relation avec un carrefour routier et un point de rupture de charge sur la Vienne.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/09/2019
• Auteurs : Omar EzzatKhaled MediniMaria Stoettrup Schioenning LarsenXavier BoucherThomas Ditlev BrunøKjeld NielsenXavier Delorme
• Organismes : École des Mines de Saint-Étienne Institut Henri Fayol Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes École des Mines de Saint-Étienne Institut Henri Fayol Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes Aalborg University [Aalborg] École des Mines de Saint-Étienne Institut Henri Fayol Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes Aalborg University [Aalborg] Aalborg University [Aalborg] École des Mines de Saint-Étienne Institut Henri Fayol Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes

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Résumé : Many manufacturers are in the process of evolving from mass production to mass customization to cope with the increasing diversity of customer requirements. This induces an increasing complexity resulting from the high variety offered to customers. This problem is heightened by integrating product and service within the same offering. Modularity is considered as a driver for reducing complexity while increasing offered variety of products and services. This paper addresses the question of how to modularize products and/or services considering different criteria from the designers and domain experts. To this end, a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) based method is introduced. The method relies on a set of modularization criteria and on clustering to form product and/or service modules. The applicability of the method is illustrated through a test case in the manufacturing sector.

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Fichiers liés : 489100_1_En_47_Chapter.pdf

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