Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Philippe CharrierJean-Pierre Bonafé-Schmitt
• Organismes : Centre Max Weber Centre Max Weber

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Herve PhilippeRomain DerelleP. LopezK. PickCarole BorchielliniNicole Boury-EsnaultJean VaceletE. RenardEvelyn R HoulistonÉric QuéinnecCorinne Da SilvaPatrick WinckerHervé Le GuyaderS. LeysD.J. JacksonF. SchreiberD. ErpenbeckB. MorgensternG. WörheideMichaël Manuel
• Organismes : Systématique, adaptation, évolution Systématique, adaptation, évolution Georg-August-University of Goettingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer Systématique, adaptation, évolution Structure et évolution des génomes - UMR 8030 Structure et évolution des génomes - UMR 8030 Systématique, adaptation, évolution Institut fur Genetik und Mikrobiologie Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Systématique, adaptation, évolution
• Publié dans Current Biology le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : The origin of many of the defining features of animal body plans, such as symmetry, nervous system, and the mesoderm, remains shrouded in mystery because of major uncertainty regarding the emergence order of the early branching taxa: the sponge groups, ctenophores, placozoans, cnidarians, and bilaterians. The “phylogenomic” approach [1] has recently provided a robust picture for intrabilaterian relationships 2, 3 but not yet for more early branching metazoan clades. We have assembled a comprehensive 128 gene data set including newly generated sequence data from ctenophores, cnidarians, and all four main sponge groups. The resulting phylogeny yields two significant conclusions reviving old views that have been challenged in the molecular era: (1) that the sponges (Porifera) are monophyletic and not paraphyletic as repeatedly proposed 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, thus undermining the idea that ancestral metazoans had a sponge-like body plan; (2) that the most likely position for the ctenophores is together with the cnidarians in a “coelenterate” clade. The Porifera and the Placozoa branch basally with respect to a moderately supported “eumetazoan” clade containing the three taxa with nervous system and muscle cells (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Bilateria). This new phylogeny provides a stimulating framework for exploring the important changes that shaped the body plans of the early diverging phyla.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Philippe Martin
• Organismes : Religions et croyances

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• Type de publi. : Rapport
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Alain CarpentierCharles-Antoine DedryverRaymond ReauTherese VolayJean-Pierre ButaultHenri DarmencyJean-Marc BarbierPhilippe DebaekeMarc DelosChristian GaryPhilippe GirardinLaurence GuichardJean-Marc MeynardPhilippe C. NicotMichel PitratBernard RollandBenoit SauphanorPhilippe ViauxChristian Walter
• Organismes : Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes Agronomie Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes Laboratoire d'Economie Forestière Biologie et Gestion des Adventices Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers Direction Régionale de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de Midi-Pyrénées Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar Agronomie Département Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement Unité de Pathologie Végétale Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris] Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation AGROCAMPUS OUEST

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Résumé : Ce tome du programme ECOPHYTO R&D rassemble les principes généraux des méthodes qui sont employées par les groupes d’experts d’une part, dans les différentes étapes de l’étude comparative technico-économique de la réduction des pesticides (volet 1) et d’autre part, le relevé des étapes de la configuration d’un réseau d’acquisition de données de références (volet 2)

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Fichiers liés : 33397_20100715032114856_1.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Mathieu KoehlLionel BombrunMichel GayEmmanuel TrouvéPhilippe BolonJean-Marie NicolasGabriel VasileIvan PétillotTania LandesP. Grussenmeyer
• Organismes : Modèles et simulation pour l'architecture, l'urbanisme et le paysage GIPSA - Signal Images Physique GIPSA-Services GIPSA - Signal Images Physique Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information GIPSA - Signal Images Physique Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance Equipe Photogrammétrie et Géomatique Modèles et simulation pour l'architecture, l'urbanisme et le paysage
• Publié dans Traitement du Signal le 23/10/2020

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Résumé : Measurements of glacier surface velocity have been performed on the French Alps Argentière's glacier for more than ten years. Completed by precise other measurements done during the MEGATOR experimentations, the surface velocity could be calculated on one reference point located on the glacial accumulation area. The knowledge of this particular surface velocity allows solving the ambiguity of displacement fields derived from pairs of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by ERS-1/2 satellites. These interferograms provide the surface velocity over large areas. The obtained values are then compared with in-situ precise geodetic measurements of local surface velocities. The similar obtained results permit to validate the described process.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Ward AnseeuwPerrine BurnodPierre-Marie BoscPatrick CaronAlain KarsentyPatricio Mendez del VillarAndré TeyssierJean-Philippe Tonneau
• Organismes : Actions collectives, politiques et marchés Département Environnements et Sociétés Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs Département Environnements et Sociétés Département Environnements et Sociétés Ressources forestières et politiques publiques Département Environnements et Sociétés Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale Département Environnements et Sociétés Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale Département Environnements et Sociétés Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale Département Environnements et Sociétés

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Halina MojzisovaStéphanie BonneauPhilippe MaillardKristian BergDaniel Brault
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire Laboratoire Jean Perrin Conception, synthèse et vectorisation de biomolécules Médicaments Photoactivables - Photochimiothérapie
• Publié dans Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences le 02/11/2020

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Ivan VlastélicCatherine DenielChantal BosqPhilippe TéloukPierre BoivinPatrick BachèleryVincent FaminThomas Staudacher
• Organismes : Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise
• Publié dans Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research le 27/10/2020

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Résumé : Variations of Pb isotopes in historical lavas (1927–2007) from Piton de la Fournaise are investigated based on new (116 samples) and published (127 samples) data. Lead isotopic signal exhibits smooth fluctuations (18.87 < 206Pb/204Pb < 18.94) on which superimpose unradiogenic spikes (206Pb/204Pb down to 18.70). Lead isotopes are decoupled from 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd, which display small and barely significant variations, respectively.No significant change of Pb isotope composition occurred during the longest (> 3 years) periods of inactivity of the volcano (1939–1942, 1966–1972, 1992–1998), supporting previous inferences that Pb isotopic variations occur mostly during and not between eruptions. Intermediate compositions (18.904 < 206Pb/204Pb < 18.917) bracket the longest periods of quiescence. In this respect, the highly frequent occurrence of an intermediate composition (18.90 < 206Pb/204Pb < 18.91), which clearly defines an isotopic baseline during the most recent densely sampled period (1975–2007), either suggests direct sampling of plume melts or sampling of a voluminous magma reservoir that buffers Pb isotopic composition. Deviations from this prevalent composition occurred during well-defined time periods, namely 1977–1986 (radiogenic signature), 1986–1990 and 1998–2005 (unradiogenic signatures). The three periods display a progressive isotopic drift ending by a rapid return (mostly during a single eruption) to the isotopic baseline. The isotopic gradients could reflect progressive emptying of small magma reservoirs or magma conduits, which are expected to be more sensitive to wall-rock interactions than the main magma chamber. These gradients provide a lower bound ranging from 0.1 to 0.17 km3 for the size of the shallow magma storage system. The isotopic shifts (March 1986, January 1990 and February 2005) are interpreted as refilling the plumbing system with deep melts that have not interacted with crustal components. The volume of magma erupted between the two major refilling events of March 1986 and February 2005 (0.28 km3) could provide a realistic estimate of the magma reservoir size. Unradiogenic anomalies appear to be linked, more or less directly, to the eruption of olivine-rich lavas. The related samples have low 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb but normal 207Pb/204Pb, suggesting a recent decrease of U/Pb and Th/Pb, for instance through sequestration of Pb into sulfides. Olivine and sulfides, which are both denser than silicate melts, could be entrained with magma pulses, which give rise to high-flux oceanite eruptions.

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Fichiers liés : Vlastelic2009.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Lieke M van Der AaJean-Pierre LevraudMalika YahmiEmilie LauretValérie BriolatPhilippe HerbomelAbdenour BenmansourPierre Boudinot
• Organismes : Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires Cell Biology and Immunology Group [Wageningen] Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires
• Publié dans BMC Biology le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : BACKGROUND: In mammals, the members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family are involved in various cellular processes including innate immunity against viral infection. Viruses exert strong selective pressures on the defense system. Accordingly, antiviral TRIMs have diversified highly through gene expansion, positive selection and alternative splicing. Characterizing immune TRIMs in other vertebrates may enlighten their complex evolution. RESULTS: We describe here a large new subfamily of TRIMs in teleosts, called finTRIMs, identified in rainbow trout as virus-induced transcripts. FinTRIMs are formed of nearly identical RING/B-box regions and C-termini of variable length; the long variants include a B30.2 domain. The zebrafish genome harbors a striking diversity of finTRIMs, with 84 genes distributed in clusters on different chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis revealed different subsets suggesting lineage-specific diversification events. Accordingly, the number of fintrim genes varies greatly among fish species. Conserved syntenies were observed only for the oldest fintrims. The closest mammalian relatives are trim16 and trim25, but they are not true orthologs. The B30.2 domain of zebrafish finTRIMs evolved under strong positive selection. The positions under positive selection are remarkably congruent in finTRIMs and in mammalian antiviral TRIM5alpha, concentrated within a viral recognition motif in mammals. The B30.2 domains most closely related to finTRIM are found among NOD-like receptors (NLR), indicating that the evolution of TRIMs and NLRs was intertwined by exon shuffling. CONCLUSION: The diversity, evolution, and features of finTRIMs suggest an important role in fish innate immunity; this would make them the first TRIMs involved in immunity identified outside mammals.

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Fichiers liés : finTRIM.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2009
• Auteurs : Christophe LavaysseCyrille FlamantSerge JanicotDouglas ParkerJean-Philippe LaforeBenjamin SultanJacques Pelon
• Organismes : SPACE - LATMOS SPACE - LATMOS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] Centre national de recherches météorologiques Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques SPACE - LATMOS
• Publié dans Climate Dynamics le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : The West African heat low (WAHL), a region of high surface temperatures and low surface pressures, is a key element of the West African monsoon system. In this study, we propose a method to detect the WAHL in order to monitor its climatological seasonal displacement over West Africa during the period 1979-2001, using the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) ERA-40 reanalyses. The low-level atmospheric thickness (LLAT), a variable defined as the difference of geopotential heights at 700 and 925 hPa, is used to detect the dilatation of these levels generated by an increase of the temperature. We define grid points with 10% highest values of the LLAT as the WAHL. We show that our method reliably positions the WAHL over areas of high surface temperatures and low surface pressures, and that it is effective at detecting heat lows. In the course of the year, the climatological WAHL is shown to migrate north-westward from a position south of the Darfur mountains in the winter (November-March) to a location over the Sahara, between the Hoggar and the Atlas mountains, during the summer (June-September). The temperature tendency equation is used to investigate the processes controlling the displacement of the WAHL, and more particularly the heating at low levels. The specific period of the onset of the WAHL in its summer location over the Sahara (referred to as the Saharan heat low -SHL- onset) is also analysed during the 1984-2001 period, using complementary brightness temperature data from the European Union-funded Cloud Archive User Service (CLAUS). The climatological onset of the SHL occurs around 20 June, i.e. just before the climatological monsoon onset date. The present study suggests that the onset of the WAHL occurs approximately 5 days before the monsoon onset for the 1984-2001 period. This is confirmed independently by comparing the SHL onset date and the monsoon onset date for the 1984-2001 period. The seasonal evolution of the WAHL for the year 2006 (the year of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project Special Observation Period) is analysed and compared with the climatological results. The operational ECMWF analyses were used for that purpose. Except in April, the spatial distribution of the WAHL remains relatively unchanged and agrees with the climatology. The onset of the SHL in 2006 occurs on 18 June, which is close to the climatological date, in spite of the delay in the onset of the rainy season in Sahel.

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Fichiers liés : Lavaysse2009_Article_SeasonalEvolutionOfTheWestAfri.pdf

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