Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Autre publication
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-Pierre HamardPhilippe BallonL. Tillon
• Organismes : Écosystèmes forestiers Écosystèmes forestiers Office National des Forêts

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Résumé : Depuis le début du vingtième siècle, les populations de cervidés sauvages de l'hémisphère Nord voient leurs effectifs progresser tant en Amérique qu'en Europe septentrionale. Les conséquences de ces augmentations de populations sur le renouvellement des jeunes peuplements forestiers sont de plus en plus marquées comme en témoignent de nombreuses études. Cependant, les avis divergent entre chasseurs et sylviculteurs sur la réalité des préjudices. Cette synthèse se propose de faire le point sur les méthodes d'évaluation des dégâts actuellement mises en oeuvre. Certaines se proposent d'évaluer l'incidence des dégâts sur la conduite sylvicole des peuplements en futaie régulière et dans les taillis sous futaie. D'autres approches, basées sur des suivis temporels de l'importance de l'abroutissement, cherchent à évaluer si ce type de suivis peut rendre compte de l'évolution des populations. Les résultats d'études récentes sont décrits et discutés.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Isabelle GrechiPhilippe VivinGhislaine HilbertSylvie MilinThierry RobertJean-Pierre J.-P. Gaudillere
• Organismes : Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne
• Publié dans Environmental and Experimental Botany le 24/10/2020

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Résumé : Theoretical plant growth models postulate that the relative rates of shoot and root growth are largely modulated by signals related to carbon and nitrogen status of the plant. To test this experimentally, 6-week-old vegetative cuttings of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot) were grown aeroponically in different controlled conditions of irradiance (13.8, 8.4 and 5.3 mol PAR m(-2) day(-1)) and/or nitrogen nutrition (0.15 1.20 and 7.11 mM N). Total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and amino acids (FAA) in leaves and roots were analysed 0, 6 and 28 days after treatment initiation. Both whole-plant biomass accumulation as well as C and N contents were highly responsive to light and N availability. At day 28, plant dry weight was significantly reduced in shaded vines (-35% of that of the control plants) and stimulated under the high it-radiance environment (+30%). Deprivation of N enhanced root growth (+51%) at the expense of above-ground growth, whereas leaf dry weight was significantly greater in the high-N treatment than in the control. Vines grown under low-N and high irradiance conditions had the highest root-to-shoot ratios and those grown under low light and high N the lowest. Finally, redistribution of biomass among vegetative vine parts was significantly related to different indicators of the vine C:N status measured either at the whole-plant (N concentration) or at the organ level (TNC:FAA ratio), suggesting that root-to-shoot biomass partitioning was controlled by some aspect of plant C:N balance. Such relationships will be useful to improve allocation rules in a process-based growth model of grapevine. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe Bordes
• Organismes : Art, images, sociétés

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Hervé DelingetteMaxime SermesantJean-Marc PeyratNicholas AyacheKawal S. RhodeReza RazaviElliot R. McveighDominique ChapelleJacques Sainte-MariePhilippe MoireauMiguel Angel FernándezJean-Frédéric GerbeauK. DjabellaQ. ZhangMichel Sorine
• Organismes : Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images Division of Imaging Sciences Division of Imaging Sciences NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [London] Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images Department of Biomedical Engineering [Baltimore] Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics Modeling, analysis and control in computational structural dynamics Modeling, analysis and control in computational structural dynamics Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant Laboratory for Hydraulics Modeling, analysis and control in computational structural dynamics Numerical simulation of biological flows Numerical simulation of biological flows Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques, Informatique et Calcul Scientifique Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan SIgnals and SYstems in PHysiology & Engineering

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Résumé : no abstract

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jérôme GrévyBruno BéthouartAlbert RouetPhilippe BlaudeauMichel RoucheMichel FauquierThomas DeswarteFrédéric-Pierre ChanutFabrice VigierGérard PelletierJean ChaunuJean-Louis ClémentArnould de La BrosseFrançois ArsLudovic LalouxFrédéric Le MoigneJasques BouquetBruno MartinFrançois GondrandEtienne ThéveninKlaus Grosse KrachtXavier Boniface
• Organismes : Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires en histoire, histoire de l'art et musicologie [EA 4270] Unité de recherche sur l'histoire, les langues, les littératures et l'interculturel Cultures, Arts, Littératures, Histoire, Imaginaires, Sociétés, Territoires, Environnement - EA 4343

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Marie-Estelle GouzeJoëlle LaffittePhilippe PintonGeneviève DedieuxAnne GalinierJean-Paul ThouvenotNicolas LoiseauIsabelle P. OswaldPierre Galtier
• Organismes :
• Publié dans Veterinary Research le 26/10/2020

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Résumé : Nivalenol (NIV) is a toxic Fusarium secondary trichothecene metabolite occurring naturally in cereal grains. In order to evaluate the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), we tested the effects of a large array of oral doses of this toxin for responses on plasma biochemistry, the immune system and hepatic drug metabolism in mice. C57Bl6 mice received oral doses of toxin (0.014, 0.071, 0.355, 1.774 or 8.87 mg/kg bw) 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Only the highest dose of NIV induced an increase in plasma phosphate, decreases in plasma urea and immunoglobulin M and additional changes like increases in plasma alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin G. Interleukin 4 production was increased in cultured murine splenocytes. Regarding liver drug metabolising enzymes, the only glutathione transferase activity accepting 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene as substrate was transiently increased in mice receiving low doses (0.071 and 0.355 mg/kg bw) of NIV. Regarding the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, no significant change was observed in ethoxyresorufin $O$-deethylase activity whereas both methoxyresorufin and pentoxyresorufin $O$-dealkylase activities were decreased by 38-45% for the highest dose (8.87 mg/kg bw) of NIV. However, when analysed by Western blot analysis, the protein expression of mouse P450 1a, 2b, 2c, 3a and 4a subfamilies was unchanged in animals receiving NIV. In conclusion, the NOAEL of this toxin in our study was 1.774 mg/kg bw, corresponding to an exposure to 5 ppm contaminated food. Indeed hepatotoxicity appears in the only mice treated with a five fold higher oral dose of 8.87 mg/kg bw of NIV. Such exposure levels appear to be by far higher than the maximal natural occurrence measured in European cereals, known to range from 0.34 to 1.86 ppm.

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Fichiers liés : hal-00902889.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Daniel R. ThevenotR. MoilleronLaurence LestelMarie-Christine GromaireVincent RocherPhilippe CambierPhilippe BontéJean-Louis ColinClaire de PontevèsMichel Meybeck
• Organismes : Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement Centre d'histoire des techniques et de l'environnement Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement Direction de la Recherche et du Développement Unité de Sciences du Sol Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] Géochimie Des Impacts Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux
• Publié dans Science of the Total Environment le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : River basin metal pollution originates from heavy industries (plating, automobile) and from urban sources (Paris conurbation: 2740 km2 , 9.47 million inhabitants). The natural sources of metal have been found to be limited due to sedimentary nature of this catchment and to the very low river sediment transport (10 t km − 2 y − 1). Several types of data have been collected to build the metal budget within the whole Seine River basin: field surveys, economical statistics and environmental models. Environmental contamination and related fluxes have been measured on atmospheric fallout, rural streams particles, and Seine River particles upstream and downstream of Paris and at river mouth. Metal pathways and budgets have been set up for (i) a typical cultivated area, (ii) a Paris combined sewer system, (iii) Paris conurbation and (iv) the whole catchment metal retention effect in floodplain and dredged material. Metal fluxes to the estuary have been decomposed into natural, urban domestic and other sources. The latter are within 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than waste water fluxes directly released into rivers according to an industrial census. These fluxes have been further compared to the annual use (1994–2003) of these metals. Metal excess fluxes exported by the river are now a marginal leak of metal inputs to the catchment (i.e. "raw" metals, metals in goods, atmospheric fallout), generally from 0.2 to 5‰. However, due to the very limited dilution power in this basin, the contamination of particles is still relatively high. The Seine River basin is gradually storing metals, mostly in manufactured products used in construction, but also in various waste dumps, industrial soils, agricultural and flood plain soils.

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Fichiers liés : Thevenot-STOTEN-Critical-Budget-2007-375-180-203.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Hervé SinoquetJean StephanGabriel SonohatPierre-Éric LauriPhilippe Monney
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles de Clermont-Ferrand Développement et amélioration des plantes Centre de Fougères
• Publié dans New Phytologist le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Simple models of light interception are useful to identify the key structural parameters involved in light capture. We developed such models for isolated trees and tested them with virtual experiments. Light interception was decomposed into the projection of the crown envelope and the crown porosity. The latter was related to tree structure parameters. Virtual experiments were conducted with three-dimensional (3-D) digitized apple trees grown in Lebanon and Switzerland, with different cultivars and training. The digitized trees allowed actual values of canopy structure (total leaf area, crown volume, foliage inclination angle, variance of leaf area density) and light interception properties (projected leaf area, silhouette to total area ratio, porosity, dispersion parameters) to be computed, and relationships between structure and interception variables to be derived. The projected envelope area was related to crown volume with a power function of exponent 2/3. Crown porosity was a negative exponential function of mean optical density, that is, the ratio between total leaf area and the projected envelope area. The leaf dispersion parameter was a negative linear function of the relative variance of leaf area density in the crown volume. The resulting models were expressed as two single equations. After calibration, model outputs were very close to values computed from the 3-D digitized databases.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Valérie EminJean-Philippe PerninMichèle PrieurEric Sanchez
• Organismes : Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain Modèles et Technologies pour l’Apprentissage Humain Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique
• Publié dans International Journal of Technologies in Higher Education le 06/12/2007

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Résumé : no abstract

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• Type de publi. : Ouvrage (y compris édition critique et traduction)
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Benoît ClavelCorinne Feïss-JehelJean Olivier GuilhotPierre-Jérôme JehelSandrine MounyJean-Michel MoutonClaudine PiatonPhilippe Racinet
• Organismes : Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle École Pratique des Hautes Études PROCLAC - Proche-Orient—Caucase : langues, archéologie, cultures Ministère de la Culture GOBELINS Paris Textes, Représentations, Archéologie, Autorité et Mémoire de l'Antiquité à la Renaissance - UR UPJV 4284 PROCLAC - Proche-Orient—Caucase : langues, archéologie, cultures L'information visuelle et textuelle en histoire de l'art : nouveaux terrains, corpus, outils Textes, Représentations, Archéologie, Autorité et Mémoire de l'Antiquité à la Renaissance - UR UPJV 4284

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