Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe Martin
• Organismes : LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Laure MichelYves MéheustJean-Pierre CaudalJean de Bremond d'ArsJean-Raynald de DreuzyPhilippe Davy
• Organismes : Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes Géosciences Rennes

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Anne-Marie DesaultyClarisse MarietPhilippe DillmannJean Louis JoronBernard GratuzeCécile Le Carlier de VesludPhilippe Fluzin
• Organismes : Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux Laboratoire Pierre Süe IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux

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Résumé : In order to determine the trace element chemical signature from the ore to the slag inclusion of the ferrous artefacts in the Pays de Bray (France), 143 samples were analysed by INAA, ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS. Results show that, for geochemical reasons, some elements must be avoided to determine the chemical signature. Nevertheless, a main part of elements initially present in the ore allows to determine the chemical signature of the Pays de Bray. This signature is significantly different from the one of other regions and can be use for further studies about the commercialisation of Pays de bray ferrous artefacts in the neighbouring regions.

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Fichiers liés : MicrosoftWord-articledesaultyfinal.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-François SamainLionel DégremontPatrick SoletchnikJoel HaureEdouard BédierMichel RopertJeanne MoalArnaud HuvetHélène BaccaAlain van WormhoudtMaryse DelaporteKatherine CostilStéphane PouvreauChristophe LambertViviane BouloPhilippe SoudantJean-Louis NicolasFrédérique Le RouxTristan RenaultBéatrice GaganaireH. GeretIsabelle BoutetThierry BurgeotPierre Boudry
• Organismes : Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) Unité Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable en Nouvelle-Calédonie Génome, populations, interactions, adaptation Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement Unité Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] Unité Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement
• Publié dans Aquaculture le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Summer mortality of Pacific oysters is known in several countries. However no specific pathogen has been systematically associated with this phenomenon. A complex combination of environmental and biological parameters has been suggested as the cause and is now starting to be identified. A high genetic basis was found for survival in oysters when a first generation (G1) was tested in three sites during summer. This paper presents a synthesis on physiological characteristics of two selected groups (‘R' and ‘S', from families selected for resistance and susceptibility to summer mortality respectively), of the second and third generations. R and S showed improvement or reduction of survival compared with the control in both field and laboratory trials confirming the high heritability of survival of juveniles <1 year old. Interestingly, no correlation was observed between growth and survival. Comparison between the two selected groups showed that S oysters invested more energy in reproduction and stayed a longer time without spawning than R oysters which had high synchronous spawning. This was mainly shown with high rather than low dietary rations (respectively 12% and 4% DW algae/DW oyster) in a controlled experiment. Moreover, early partial spawning was detected in S oysters and not R ones in the high dietary ration. S showed a higher respiration rate and an earlier decrease in absorption efficiency than R during gametogenesis, but they were not significantly different in glycogen or ATP utilisation. Two months before a mortality episode, hemocytes from S oysters had a higher adhesive capacity than R hemocytes and significantly higher reactive oxygen species production capacity. One month before mortality, S oysters had the highest hyalinocyte concentration and their expression of genes coding for glucose metabolism enzymes (Hexokinase, GS, PGM, PEPCK) was significantly lower in the labial palps. After a thermal increase from 13 °C to 19 °C, during 8 days in normoxia, S oysters showed a large HSP70 increase under hypoxia contrary to R oysters, suggesting their high susceptibility to stress. Their catalase activity was lower than in R oysters and showed no further change to subsequent hypoxia and pesticide stresses, in contrast to R oysters. These observations suggest possible links between higher reproductive effort in S oysters, their specific stress response to temperature and hypoxia, ROS production, partial spawning, hyalinocyte increase and the infection process. To compare R and S oysters in a more integrated way, a suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) library and a micro-array strategy are being undertaken.

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Fichiers liés : Samain_et_al_2007_Aquaculture_268_227-243_-auteurs.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Maryse DelaportePhilippe SoudantChristophe LambertMarine JegadenJeanne MoalStéphane PouvreauLionel DégremontPierre BoudryJean-François Samain
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement Unité Amélioration génétique, Santé animale et Environnement Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés
• Publié dans Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology le 01/11/2020

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Résumé : Within the framework of a national scientific program named "MORtalités ESTivales de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas" (MOREST), a family-based experiment was developed to study the genetic basis of resistance to summer mortality in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. As part of the MOREST project, the second generation of three resistant families and two susceptible families were chosen and pooled into two respective groups: "R" and "S". These two groups of oysters were conditioned for 6 months on two food levels (4% and 12% of oyster soft-tissue dry weight in algal dry weight per day) with a temperature gradient that mimicked the Marennes-Oléron natural cycle during the oyster reproductive period. Oyster mortality remained low for the first two months, but then rapidly increased in July when seawater temperature reached 19 °C and above. Mortality was higher in "S" oysters than in "R" oysters, and also higher in oysters fed the 12% diet than those fed 4%, resulting in a decreasing, relative order in cumulative mortality as follows; 12% "S" > 12% "R" > 4% "S" > 4% "R". Although the observed mortality rates were lower than those previously observed in the field, the mortality differential between "R" and "S" oysters was similar. Gonadal development, estimated by tissue lipid content, followed a relative order yielding a direct, positive relationship between reproductive effort and mortality as we reported precedently by quantitative histology. Regarding hemocyte parameters, one of the most striking observations was that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly higher in "S" oysters than in "R" oysters in May and June, regardless of food level. The absence of known environmental stress under these experimental conditions suggests that the ROS increase in "S" oyster could be related to their higher reproductive activity. Finally, a higher increase in hyalinocyte counts was observed for"S" oysters, compared to "R" oysters, in July, just before mortality. Taken together, our results suggest an association of genetically based resistance to summer mortality, reproductive strategy and hemocyte parameters.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe BolonEmmanuel TrouvéIvan PétillotGabriel VasileMichel GayLionel BombrunJean-Marie NicolasFlorence TupinTania LandesMathieu KoehlP. Grussenmeyer
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance GIPSA-Services GIPSA - Signal Images Physique GIPSA - Signal Images Physique Télécom ParisTech Télécom ParisTech Modèles et simulation pour l'architecture, l'urbanisme et le paysage Modèles et simulation pour l'architecture, l'urbanisme et le paysage Modèles et simulation pour l'architecture, l'urbanisme et le paysage

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Résumé : The monitoring of temperate glacier activity is one of the applications which require the combined use of optical and SAR data. It should become feasible thanks to the ALOS PRISM and PALSAR sensors. In this paper, we present the interest of using L-band polarimetric interferometric SAR data and high resolution panchromatic stereoscopic data to monitor moving temperate glaciers made of ice, snow and rocks. The scientific issues are described and a test-site located in the Mont-Blanc region in the Alps is proposed for specific experiment and validation. The Mont-Blanc test-site includes two well-known glaciers (Mer-de-Glace and Argentière glaciers) where a large data set has been collected: ERS, RADARSAT and ENVISAT data, airborne E-SAR data (X, C, L and P bands), airborne photographs, GPS and GPR in-situ measurements...

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Fichiers liés : Bolon_Kyoto2007_LSI01.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Thomas RobertPhilippe BeillasAlain MaupasJean-Pierre Verriest
• Organismes : Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs
• Publié dans International Journal of Crashworthiness le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Standing passenger safety is currently a major challenge for the development of public transportation. One of the current difficulties to overcome this problem is the lack of knowledge about the motion of passengers following a minor incident, such as an emergency braking or a slight collision. This study brings new experimental data about the head kinematics of volunteers in situations representative of typical public transportation incidents. Two levels of perturbation were tested - an emergency braking and a minor collision, combined with three initial postures - freestanding, using a backrest, and holding a vertical bar. Data were obtained for (1) the three-dimensional head trajectories; (2) the maximal excursions of the head along the longitudinal axis; and (3) corridors of the head tangential velocity versus its longitudinal displacement. Even though there are limitations, these data can be used as a first estimate to predict the risks of impact between the head of passengers and their surrounding environment. They also provide insight into the impact velocity of this eventual collision. Furthermore, they highlight the influence of the level of perturbation and of the restraint device possibly used. These data are mainly intended to be used by designers of public transportation vehicles to improve the future interior layouts with regard to the standing passenger safety.

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Fichiers liés : robert_2007_ijc_p.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Laurent JordaPhilippe LamyG. FauryHorst Uwe KellerStubbe F. HviidMichael KüppersDetlef KoschnyJean LecacheuxPedro J. GutierrezLuisa M. Lara
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Research and Scientific Support Department, ESA-ESTEC Observatoire de Paris Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Pôle Planétologie du LESIA Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
• Publié dans Icarus le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : We present an analysis of the observations of the Deep Impact event performed by the OSIRIS narrow angle camera aboard the Rosetta spacecraft over two weeks, in an effort to characterize the cometary dust grains ejected from the nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1. We adopt a Monte Carlo approach to generate calibrated synthetic images, and a linear combination of them is fitted to the calibrated images so as to determine the physical parameters of the dust cloud. Our model considers spherical olivine particles with a density of 3780 kg m^-3. It incorporates constraints on the direction of the cone of emission coming from additional images obtained at Pic du Midi observatory, and constraints on the dust terminal velocities coming from the physics of the impact. We find that the slope of the differential dust size distribution of grains with radii 0.008) is 3.1±0.3, a value typical of cometary dust tails. This shows that there is no evidence in our data for an enhancement in sub-micron particles in the ejecta compared to the typical dust distribution of active comets. We estimate the mass of particles with radii 0.14) to be 1.5±0.2×10 kg. These particles represent more than 80% of the cross-section of the observed dust cloud. The mass carried by larger particles depends whether the gas significantly increases the kinetic energy of the grains in the inner coma; it lies in the range 1 14×10 kg for particles with radii 0.002). We obtain the distribution of terminal velocities reached by the dust after the dust gas interaction which is very well constrained between 10 and 600 m s^-1. It is characterized by Gaussian with a maximum at about 190 m s^-1 and a width at half maximum of 150 m s^-1.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Isabelle Mortier-BarrièreMarion VeltenPauline DupaigneNicolas N. MirouzeOlivier PiétrementStephen McgovernGwennaële FichantBernard MartinPhilippe NoirotEric Le CamPatrice PolardJean-Pierre Claverys
• Organismes : Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne Signalisation, noyaux et innovations en cancérologie MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé Signalisation, noyaux et innovations en cancérologie Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne Institut Gustave Roussy Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Génetique Microbienne & Environm Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100
• Publié dans Cell le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Natural transformation is a mechanism for genetic exchange in many bacterial genera. It proceeds through the uptake of exogenous DNA and subsequent homology-dependent integration into the genome. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, this integration requires the ubiquitous recombinase, RecA, and DprA, a protein of unknown function widely conserved in bacteria. To unravel the role of DprA, we have studied the properties of the purified S. pneumoniae protein and its Bacillus subtilis ortholog (Smf). We report that DprA and Smf bind cooperatively to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and that these proteins both self-interact and interact with RecA. We demonstrate that DprA-RecA-ssDNA filaments are produced and that these filaments catalyze the homology-dependent formation of joint molecules. Finally, we show that while the Escherichia coli ssDNA-binding protein SSB limits access of RecA to ssDNA, DprA lowers this barrier. We propose that DprA is a new member of the recombination-mediator protein family, dedicated to natural bacterial transformation.

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Valérie Emin-MartinezJean-Philippe PerninMichèle PrieurEric Sanchez
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique

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Résumé : Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions de réutilisation de scénarios mis en oeuvre par des enseignants. Nous nous basons sur une expérimentation concernant l'organisation d'une séquence pédagogique en sciences de la vie et de la terre dans l'enseignement secondaire. Cette expérimentation, effectuée dans le cadre de travaux de recherche en didactique des sciences, vise à proposer et tester des modalités de mise en oeuvre d'une démarche d'investigation en sciences basée sur l'utilisation d'outils numériques complémentaires et comprenant un ensemble de modalités variées (travail en classe, à la maison, sur le terrain). L'objectif de cette contribution est de démontrer que le scénario mis en oeuvre correspond à une démarche-type (ici la démarche d'investigation scientifique) appliquée à un contexte spécifique. Le contexte tient notamment compte des particularités liées à la discipline (ici la géologie), ainsi que des contraintes organisationnelles, spatiales, temporelles, techniques et économiques dans lesquelles s'inscrivent les activités. A partir de cette analyse, nous tentons de dégager un modèle précisant les places respectives des dimensions didactique, pédagogique ou situationnelle dans l'élaboration des scénarios. Nous soulevons enfin des questions relatives à l'indexation de scénarios à partir de laquelle pourraient être mises en oeuvre de nouvelles stratégies de réutilisation. (http://www-clips.imag.fr/arcade/User/jean-philippe.pernin/recherche/download/EminPerninPrieurSanchez_Scenario2007.pdf)

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Fichiers liés : EminPerninPrieurSanchez_Scenario2007.pdf

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