Philippe JEAN-PIERRE

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• Type de publi. : Communication dans un congrès
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Anne-Marie DesaultyC. MarietPhilippe DillmannJean Louis JoronBernard GratuzeCécile Le Carlier de VesludPhilippe Fluzin
• Organismes : Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération Laboratoire Pierre Süe IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux

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Résumé : This study aims to understand the behaviour of trace elements in direct- and indirect-iron metallurgy in order recognize the provenance region of iron objects and the metallurgical processes involved. Major elements, such as P and Mn, help in discriminating some ores (minette de Lorraine) but in general fail in recognizing the region of provenance making necessary the use of trace elements. To address these goals we have chosen the Pays de Bray region where the succession of the two techniques and the diffusion of the iron products are well-documented. Ores, slags, cast iron and final products have been studied and analysed in the following sites: Glinet (indirect, 15th -16th century), le Prés de Montadet (direct, from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD), le Chemin des Flots (direct, 14th century). Some experimental reductions have been made using geological ores directly collected near to the archaeological sites. Since the Pays de Bray has been an important supplier for building irons of Rouen and Amiens during the Middle Age we plan to analyse the building irons of the Rouen and Amiens cathedrals and of the church of Saint Ouen. Compositional studies have been carried out on a hundred of bulk ores, slags, cast iron and final products. We also studied major and trace element composition of trapped slag inclusions in the final iron objects in both archaeological and experimental materials.Bulk major element composition has been measured by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry coupled with a Scanning Electron Microscope. Bulk trace element composition has been determined by Neutron Activation and ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry). Trapped slag inclusions have been analysed by microbeam laser ablation coupled with ICP-MS.During the indirect process only Co, Ni and Cu completely move to cast iron. All other elements partition between fluid-slag (laitier) and cast iron. By a consequence the inclusions formed after cast iron refining are strongly depleted in trace elements which have affinity with the silicate phases (La, Ce, Hf …). Such inclusions therefore forget the ore chemical signature.On the contrary, in the direct process, a large spectrum of trace elements strongly partition from ore to slag. They are hosted in trapped slag inclusions in the final iron. Therefore trapped slag inclusions allow discriminating between the direct and indirect processes based on their relative trace element enrichment. We focused on non-volatile, not sensitive to alteration and negligible trace elements in the hearth construction materials and in the charcoal ash. By using their concentration ratios, we demonstrate that is possible to trace the chemical signature from ores to final products in the case of direct process.Based on a multi-elemental statistic approach we show that the chemical signature of the Pays de Bray is well separated among other French reference sites (after PalSid data base) giving a powerful tool to discriminate the provenance of the irons as for instance those of the cathedrals of Rouen and Amiens.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Nicolas LoiseauLaurent DebrauwerTounkang SambouSandrine BouhetJ. David MilletPascal G.P. MartinJean-Luc ViadèrePhilippe PintonOlivier PuelThierry PineauJacques TulliezPierre GaltierIsabelle P. Oswald
• Organismes : Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Xénobiotiques Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie University of Ottawa [Ottawa] Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Xénobiotiques Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie
• Publié dans Biochemical Pharmacology le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, the cause of Fusarium kernel rot in maize. FB1 is toxic in domestic and laboratory animals, including pigs. This study investigated the effects of a seven-days-exposure of 1.5 mg/kg b.w. FB1 on the porcine intestinal epithelium. Statistically significant increases in the ratio of sphinganine to sphingosine, as well as alterations of the glycolipid distribution were observed in the jejunum. Using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) derived from jejunum and ileum, we tested the effect of FB1 in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. A significant increase in sphinganine concentration was observed after 2 days of FB1 exposure at concentrations >100 mM, or from 6 days of FB1 exposure at concentration >20 mM. We were also able to show that FB1 exposure at 200 mM during 16 days increased the intestinal transepithelial flux of FB1. These data indicate that, in pigs, this mycotoxin acts selectively on jejunum cells as follows: (i) FB1 affects sphingolipid metabolism, as demonstrated by an increase of the amount of free sphingoid bases in a time- and dose-dependent manner, (ii) a depletion of the glycolipids in plasma membranes is observed, and (iii) an increase occurs in the trans-epithelial flux.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe MenozziAnnie OuinJoseph AchalekeMathieu CoulonJean-Pierre SarthouSergine Ponsard
• Organismes : Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
• Publié dans Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Crop protection against insect pests requires first a good knowledge of the biology and ecol-ogy of the different pest species and the associated beneficials, in particular the spatial distribution of the populations. But the movement of insect populations in the landscape remains often poorly known and in some cases does not make it possible to know the role of the various cultivated and wild habitats in the dynamics of pest and useful insects. Stable isotopes are a tool contributing to the knowledge of host plants (13carbon / 12carbon) as well as geographical origin of insects (1hydrogen / 2hydrogen). The analysis of stable isotopic ratios has been performed in south-western France on populations of the hoverfly Episyrphus bal-teatus, one of the most important predators of the cereal aphids in Europe and on West African populations of the bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, an important polyphagous pest attacking cotton and vegetables in the Old World. Methodology, preliminary results and per-spectives given by stable isotopes are presented here.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe JolyJenny Benois-PineauEwa KijakGeorges Quénot
• Organismes : Équipe Structuration, Analyse et MOdélisation de documents Vidéo et Audio Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique Multimedia content-based indexing Modélisation et Recherche d’Information Multimédia [Grenoble]
• Publié dans Signal Processing: Image Communication le 30/10/2020

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Résumé : The benchmarking of various methods of video analysis and indexing has become a research problem per se. While a lot of effort nowadays is devoted to organization of evaluation campaigns both on international, such as TREC Video and national levels, an in-deep analysis of the performance of the methods still remains an open issue. Several aspects in the evaluation of methods have to be addressed: how to design a benchmarking corpus in order to cover a sufficiently wide range of applications, what are the tasks to address, what are the most relevant evaluation metrics. The Argos evaluation campaign supported by the French Techno-Vision program aimed at developing esources for a benchmarking of video content analysis and indexing methods. The paper describes the type of the evaluated tasks, the way the content set has been produced, metrics and tools developed for the evaluations and some of the results obtained at the end of the first phase. Perspectives based on current works will be given to conclude this paper.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Muriel Barberi-HeyobCéline FrochotLina BezdetnayaDaniel BraultDominique. DumasFrançois GuilleminPierre KrauszPhilippe MaillardBenoît MaunitJean-Louis MerlinSerge MordonGuy BrasseurThierry PatriceGérard SimonneauxCharles Tanielian
• Organismes : Médicaments Photoactivables - Photochimiothérapie Laboratoire Acides Nucléiques & Biophotonique Plate-forme Imagerie et Biophysique Cellulaire et Tissulaire Laboratoire d'Energétique et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique Centre Alexis Vautrin Signalisation, Génomique et Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie Therapies Interventionnelles Assistees Par l'Image et la Simulation - U 703
• Publié dans L'Actualité Chimique le 02/11/2020

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Résumé : La thérapie photodynamique est une nouvelle approche, basée sur l'action sélective par la lumière de médicaments, dits photosensibilisateurs. Ces molécules, non toxiques en absence d'une lumière de longueur d'onde appropriée, génèrent, après irradiation lumineuse et en présence d'oxygène, des espèces très réactives entraînant la destruction du tissu cible. Cet article décrit tout d'abord les mécanismes moléculaires de photosensibilisation, puis les propriétés chimiques et photophysiques d'un " bon " photosensibilisateur. Une conception rationnelle de photosensibilisateurs adaptés aux applications thérapeutiques passe nécessairement par un effort d'élaboration de nouveaux composés photo-activables plus efficaces, donc plus sélectifs. Enfin, les principaux domaines d'application, notamment en cancérologie, ainsi que les freins et les perspectives de la thérapie photodynamique sont développés.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Emilie BagnarolJean PopoviciNicole AlloisioJoelle MarechalPierre PujicPhilippe NormandMaria P. Fernandez
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557
• Publié dans Physiologia Plantarum le 31/10/2020

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Résumé : Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify differentially displayed proteins expressed during the early symbiotic interactions between the bacterium Frankia and actinorhizal plants. Myricaceae, the most primitive actinorhizal family, was used as an experimental model to study specificity mechanisms because it includes species with either narrowor large specificity. Seed phenolic extracts from two Myricaceae species, Myrica gale, a narrow specificity host and Morella cerifera considered as a promiscuous host, were used to induce three Frankia strains ACN14a, M16467 and Ea112. The global protein pattern was altered by exposure to the plant extracts. The addition of 30 mg l21 of seed phenolic extracts provoked the inhibition of many protein biosynthesis whereas 1 and 10 mg l21 induced a global reprogramming of Frankia protein pattern. Changes in intensity of 115 spots in response to seed extracts were detected and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Fifty proteins were efficiently identified with Frankia protein data banks deduced from the sequences of Frankia strains ACN14a and EaN1pec genomes. Differential proteins were involved in different metabolism pathways such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, transcription, fatty acids, carbohydrates, coenzymes and purines metabolisms. Chaperones biosynthesis and iron transport regulation, essential for nitrogen fixation, seem to be strain dependant. Several proteins possibly involved in the regulation of nodulation were also differentially expressed. The most obvious response was the upregulation of oxidative stress proteins such as FeSOD and Tellurium resistance proteins, suggesting a reorganization of Frankia metabolism to protect against host plant defense.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Marie LorinRaphaël DelépéeJean-Claude MaurizotJean-Paul RibetPhilippe Morin
• Organismes : Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique Centre de biophysique moléculaire Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
• Publié dans Chirality le 29/10/2020

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Résumé : The quality control of chiral drugs requires the determination of their enantiomeric purity. Nowadays, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is gaining increasing importance in pharmaceutical analysis because of the commercially available CD detector in liquid chromatography. The separation of the two enantiomers of a basic drug (efaroxan) was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography using an amylose-derivated column with both UV and CD detections. A baseline-resolved separation (resolution: 5) was obtained after optimization of the mobile phase composition with hexane-ethanol-diethylamine (90:10:0.05; v/v/v). The use of a commercial low-pass electronic noise filter of the CD signal has improved the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor twelve and allowed the quantitation of each enantiomer in the 1.25-300 g ml-1 concentration range. The CD linear calibration curve, expressed in terms of stereoisomer height ratio versus concentration ratio, was plotted over the 0.4-6% range. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 was obtained by least-squares regression and the limit of detection for the distomer/eutomer ratio was estimated at 0.14%. Although the method validation showed good repeatability on the retention times (RSD < 0.9%), on the peak height ratios (RSD < 8.7%) of each enantiomer only up to 99.2% enantiomeric purity was achieved.

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Jean-Mathias GriessmeierPhilippe ZarkaHanno Spreeuw
• Organismes : Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique Physique des plasmas Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
• Publié dans Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A le 28/10/2020

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Résumé : Context: Close-in giant extrasolar planets (``Hot Jupiters'') are believed to be strong emitters in the decametric radio range. Aims: We present the expected characteristics of the low-frequency magnetospheric radio emission of all currently known extrasolar planets, including the maximum emission frequency and the expected radio flux. We also discuss the escape of exoplanetary radio emission from the vicinity of its source, which imposes additional constraints on detectability. Methods: We compare the different predictions obtained with all four existing analytical models for all currently known exoplanets. We also take care to use realistic values for all input parameters. Results: The four different models for planetary radio emission lead to very different results. The largest fluxes are found for the magnetic energy model, followed by the CME model and the kinetic energy model (for which our results are found to be much less optimistic than those of previous studies). The unipolar interaction model does not predict any observable emission for the present exoplanet census. We also give estimates for the planetary magnetic dipole moment of all currently known extrasolar planets, which will be useful for other studies. Conclusions: Our results show that observations of exoplanetary radio emission are feasible, but that the number of promising targets is not very high. The catalog of targets will be particularly useful for current and future radio observation campaigns (e.g. with the VLA, GMRT, UTR-2 and with LOFAR).

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Fichiers liés : aa7397-07.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Chapître d'ouvrage
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Philippe GruatLionel Izac-Imbert
• Organismes : Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie

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Résumé : Au cours des II^e et I^er siècle av. J.-C., la diversité des lieux et des modes de dépôts à caractères religieux structure fortement l’organisation du territoire des Rutènes et de ses abords. Six grandes catégories de pratiques se dégagent : statuaire en pierre ou en bois, probables sanctuaires de hauteurs sur les contreforts montagneux septentrionaux, dont le lac de Saint-Andéol où des ex-votos sont précipités dans les eaux, « trésors » monétaires de l’ouest de l’Aveyron, dépôts de lingots de fer et en vases de stockage, cavités à offrandes en agglomérations et enfin grottes sanctuaires isolées sur les Causses du quart sud-est du territoire. Le milieu souterrain et les secteurs miniers occupent une place prépondérante dans ces préoccupations.

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Fichiers liés : Gruat_Izac-Imbert_2007_871-891.pdf

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• Type de publi. : Article dans une revue
• Date de publi. : 01/01/2007
• Auteurs : Michel Wong Chi ManGuilhem ArrachartCarole CarcelJoël J E MoreauChristian BonhommeBruno AlonsoFlorence BabonneauGaelle CreffJean-Louis BantigniesPhilippe Dieudonné-George
• Organismes : Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site Paris VI) Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux
• Publié dans Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings le 01/01/2003

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